CN115151716A - 用于查明机动车的排气通道中的与所输送的燃料相关的硫含量的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于查明机动车的排气通道中的与所输送的燃料相关的硫含量的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN115151716A
CN115151716A CN202180018593.2A CN202180018593A CN115151716A CN 115151716 A CN115151716 A CN 115151716A CN 202180018593 A CN202180018593 A CN 202180018593A CN 115151716 A CN115151716 A CN 115151716A
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sulfur content
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CN115151716B (zh
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张宏
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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    • G—PHYSICS
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Abstract

用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的方法和装置。本发明涉及用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的一种方法和一种装置。在这种方法中，为了查明硫含量而对布置在排气通道中的经涂覆的颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的所查明的变化和/或所查明的氨储存容量变化进行查明，将所查明的变化与阈值比较，并且如果所述比较表明所查明的变化超过所述阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。一种用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的装置具有控制单元，所述控制单元构造用于控制前面所提到的方法。

Description

用于查明机动车的排气通道中的与所输送的燃料相关的硫含 量的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的一种方法和一种装置。
背景技术
已经提出，使用布置在机动车的排气通道中的硫传感器，以便能够探测机动车的排气通道中的过高的硫含量并且能够警告机动车的驾驶员以防错误的加油。然而，这种硫传感器的制造与高开发开销相关联，使得也适合于大量生产的这样的传感器至今在市场上不可获得。
由DE 602 22 226 T2已知一种用于确定内燃机的燃料-硫含量的方法。在这种已知的方法中对NOx储存催化器中的硫含量进行估计，其中将所储存的NOx量的减少用作针对硫含量的尺度。
此外已知的是，在机动车的排气通道中布置经涂覆的颗粒过滤器，以便减少输出给机动车的周围环境的废气中的有害物质。这种经涂覆的颗粒过滤器能够是经涂覆的柴油颗粒过滤器，其也在缩写SDPF下已知。这种柴油颗粒过滤器将SCR催化器和柴油颗粒过滤器的功能统一起来。它不仅减少了氮氧化物排放NOx而且也减少了机动车的碳烟排放。
根据法律规定，必须如此精确地对颗粒过滤器系统进行监控，从而及时识别出引起超过预先给定的限值的情况的故障，以便能够采取合适的对策。颗粒过滤器系统中的故障识别要求尽可能精确地测量过滤器的炭烟装载情况。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，说明一种用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的方法，借助于该方法实现对硫含量的更精确的查明。
该任务通过一种具有权利要求1中所说明的特征的方法来解决。本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案在从属权利要求2-11中得到说明。一种用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的装置是权利要求12的主题。
在按照本发明的用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的方法中，为了查明硫含量，对布置在排气通道中的经涂覆的颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的所查明的变化和/或布置在排气通道中的经涂覆的颗粒过滤器的所查明的氨储存容量变化进行查明，将所查明的变化与阈值进行比较，并且如果所查明的变化超过所述阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
本发明的优点尤其在于，所要求保护的方法能够容易地用传统的手段来实现并且能够实现可靠地查明具有经涂覆的颗粒过滤器的排气通道中的硫含量。
根据本发明的第一种实施方式，为了查明硫含量，在第一时间点查明针对颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的第一值，在第二时间点查明针对颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的第二值，查明在这两个时间点之间的燃料消耗，查明针对所述氮氧化物减少效率的这两个数值之间的差，查明所查明的差与所查明的燃料消耗的商，将所查明的商与阈值进行比较，并且如果所查明的差超过所述阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。在这第一种实施方式中，对硫含量的识别通过对氮氧化物减少效率的与燃料消耗相关的变化的分析来进行，所述燃料消耗处于对氮氧化物减少效率的两次时间上彼此间隔开的查明之间。例如，能够在时间上在加油过程之前进行氮氧化物减少效率的第一次查明，并且在时间上在这个加油过程之后进行氮氧化物减少效率的第二次查明。作为替代方案，对所述氮氧化物减少效率的第一次查明能够在时间上在加油过程之后不久进行，并且对所述氮氧化物减少效率的第二次查明能够在时间上在第一次查明之后、但是在时间上在紧随此后的加油过程之前进行。在此也应该相应地考虑到两次查明之间的燃料消耗。
根据本发明的第二种实施方式，为了查明硫含量，除了查明氮氧化物减少效率之外，还查明氨储存容量变化，并且如果这些数值中的至少一个数值超过预先给定的阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
根据本发明的第三种实施方式，为了在第一时间点查明硫含量，查明针对颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的第一值，在第二时间点查明针对颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的第二值，查明在这两个时间点之间的燃料消耗，查明针对颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的这两个数值之间的差，查明所查明的差与所查明的燃料消耗的商，将所查明的商与所述阈值比较，并且如果所查明的差超过所述阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。在这第三种实施方式中，对硫含量的识别通过对颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的与燃料消耗相关的变化的分析来进行，所述燃料消耗处于对颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的两次时间上相互间隔开的查明之间。例如，对氨储存容量的第一次查明能够在时间上在加油过程之前进行，并且对氨储存容量的第二次查明则能够在时间上在这个加油过程之后进行。作为替代方案，对氨储存容量的第一次查明能够在时间上在加油过程之后不久进行，并且对氨储存容量的第二次查明能够在时间上在所述第一次查明之后、但在时间上在紧随此后的加油过程之前进行。在此也应该相应地考虑到两次查明之间的燃料消耗。
根据本发明的一种改进方案，为了提高诊断可靠性，在识别出过高的硫含量之后着手进行颗粒过滤器再生。在这种颗粒过滤器再生之后，尽可能及时地重新实施对硫含量的上面所描述的查明。如果对硫含量的这种重新查明又具有存在提高的硫含量这种结果，那么该结果就相当于对先前的结果的确认或者核实。
附图说明
本发明的其他有利的特性借助于图1从以下示例性的解释中得出。该图示出了一种用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的装置的实施例。
具体实施方式
在图1所示的实施例中，在机动车的排气通道1中布置了经涂覆的柴油颗粒过滤器2。这个经涂覆的柴油颗粒过滤器设置用于从由机动车的发动机输出的废气——所述废气沿着废气流方向6流过经涂覆的柴油颗粒过滤器2——中滤出有害物质颗粒，使得由所述颗粒过滤器2输出的废气具有降低的有害物质含量。
为了查明排气通道中的硫含量，在图1所示的实施例中查明并且分析布置在排气通道1中的颗粒过滤器2的氮氧化物减少效率的所查明的变化。
在使用在颗粒过滤器2的上游布置在排气通道1中的第一氮氧化物传感器3的输出信号3a和在颗粒过滤器2的下游布置在排气通道1中的第二氮氧化物传感器4的输出信号4a的情况下，查明所述氮氧化物减少效率的变化。所述氮氧化物传感器的这些输出信号被输送到控制单元5。该控制单元基于所存储的工作程序和所存储的数据对氮氧化物传感器的输出信号进行分析，并且在识别出存在过高的硫含量之后提供输出信号5a，该输出信号表示过高的硫含量。
对氮氧化物减少值的查明相应地通过从由氮氧化物传感器3提供的氮氧化物值减去由氮氧化物传感器4提供的氮氧化物值这种方式来进行。
为了查明硫含量，在第一时间点查明针对颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的第一值。此后，在第二时间点查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的第二值。此外，查明在这两个时间点之间的燃料消耗。随后，查明针对氮氧化物减少效率的这两个数值之间的差。然后，查明所查明的差与所查明的燃料消耗的商。将这个商与阈值进行比较。如果所查明的差超过预先给定的阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量并且所述控制单元5输出显示这个提高的硫含量的信号5a。
所提到的阈值是根据经验查明的恒定的阈值。例如，如果所查明的效率变化超过阈值时，所述阈值例如为每100 l（升）燃料消耗情况下10%的效率降低，那么则识别出过高的硫含量。这意味着，如果在上述两个时间点之间的氮氧化物减少效率关于100 l的燃料消耗小了超过10%，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
在所提到的第一时间点查明针对所述氮氧化物减少效率的第一值，所述第一时间点优选处于加油过程之前，并且所述第二时间点优选处于这个加油过程之后。
作为替代方案，用来查明针对氮氧化物减少效率的第一值的第一时间点能够处于第一次加油过程之后，并且所述第二时间点能够处于这个第一时间点之后、但是处于紧随此后的第二次加油过程之前。
下面同样根据图1来解释本发明的另一种实施方式。
在这另一种实施方式中，在机动车的排气通道1中也布置了经涂覆的柴油颗粒过滤器2。这个经涂覆的柴油颗粒过滤器设置用于从由机动车的发动机输出的废气——所述废气沿着废气流方向6流过经涂覆的柴油颗粒过滤器2——中滤出有害物质颗粒，使得由所述颗粒过滤器2输出的废气具有降低的有害物质含量。
为了查明排气通道中的硫含量，在这另一种实施方式中，查明并且分析布置在排气通道1中的颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的变化。
在使用在颗粒过滤器2的上游布置在排气通道1中的第一氨传感器3的输出信号3a和在颗粒过滤器2的下游布置在排气通道1中的第二氨传感器4的输出信号4a的情况下，查明所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的变化。所述氨传感器的这些输出信号被输送给控制单元5。该控制单元基于所存储的工作程序和所存储的数据对氨传感器的输出信号进行分析，并且在识别出存在过高的硫含量之后提供输出信号5a，该输出信号表示过高的硫含量。
对氨储存容量的变化的查明相应地通过从由氨传感器3提供的氨值减去由氨传感器4提供的氨值这种方式来进行。
为了查明硫含量，在第一时间点查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的第一值。此后，在第二时间点查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的第二值。此外，查明在这两个时间点之间的燃料消耗。然后，查明针对氨储存容量的这两个数值之间的差。然后，查明所查明的差与所查明的燃料消耗的商。将这个商与阈值进行比较。如果所查明的差超过预先给定的阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量并且所述控制单元5输出显示这个提高的硫含量的信号5a。
所述阈值是根据经验查明的恒定的阈值。例如，如果所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的所查明的变化超过阈值，所述阈值例如为每100 l燃料消耗情况下氨储存容量减小0.4g，那么则识别出过高的硫含量。这意味着，如果所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量在上面两个所提到的时间点之间关于100 l的燃料消耗小了超过0.4 g，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
所提到的用来查明针对氨储存容量的第一值的第一时间点优选处于加油过程之前，并且所提到的第二时间点优选处于这个加油过程之后。
作为替代方案，用来查明针对氨储存容量的第一值的第一时间点能够处于第一次加油过程之后，并且所述第二时间点能够处于这个第一时间点之后、但是处于紧随此后的第二次加油过程之前。
在本发明的另一种实施方式中，在所述排气通道1中在颗粒过滤器2的上游不仅布置了氮氧化物传感器3而且也布置了氨传感器，并且在颗粒过滤器2的下游不仅布置了氮氧化物传感器4而且也布置了另一氨传感器。在本发明的这另一种实施方式中，为了查明硫含量，不仅查明所述氮氧化物减少效率而且也查明所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量变化并且对其进行分析。在这另一种实施方式中，如果这些数值中的至少一个数值超过预先给定的阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
根据本发明的一种改进方案，为了提高诊断可靠性，在识别出过高的硫含量之后着手进行颗粒过滤器再生。为了这种颗粒过滤器再生，使流过所述颗粒过滤器的废气的温度达到例如600℃的高温，以便烧掉沉积在颗粒过滤器的内壁上的有害物质颗粒。在这种颗粒过滤器再生之后，尽可能及时地重新实施对硫含量的上面所描述的查明。如果对硫含量的这种重新查明又具有存在提高的硫含量这种结果，那么该结果就相当于对先前的结果的确认或者核实。

Claims (12)

1.用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的方法，其特征在于，为了查明硫含量
- 对布置在所述排气通道中的经涂覆的颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的所查明的变化和/或布置在所述排气通道中的经涂覆的颗粒过滤器的所查明的氨储存容量变化进行查明，
- 将所查明的变化与阈值比较，并且
- 如果所述比较表明所述所查明的变化超过所述阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述阈值是预先给定的恒定值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，为了查明硫含量
- 在第一时间点查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的第一值，
- 在第二时间点查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氮氧化物减少效率的第二值，
- 查明在这两个时间点之间的燃料消耗，
- 查明针对所述氮氧化物减少效率的这两个数值之间的差，
- 查明所查明的差与所查明的燃料消耗的商，
- 将所查明的商与所述阈值进行比较，并且
- 如果所述所查明的差超过所述阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时间点处于所述机动车的第一次加油过程之前，并且所述第二时间点处于所述第一次加油过程之后。
5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时间点处于所述机动车的第一次加油过程之后，并且所述第二时间点处于所述第一时间点之后且处于第二次加油过程之前。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了查明硫含量
- 在第一时间点查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的第一值，
- 在第二时间点查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的第二值，
- 查明在这两个时间点之间的燃料消耗，
- 查明针对所述颗粒过滤器的氨储存容量的这两个数值之间的差，
- 查明所查明的差与所查明的燃料消耗的商，
- 将所查明的商与所述阈值进行比较，并且
- 如果所述所查明的差超过所述阈值，那么则识别出存在过高的硫含量。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时间点处于所述机动车的第一次加油过程之前，并且所述第二时间点处于所述第一次加油过程之后。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时间点处于所述机动车的第一次加油过程之后，并且所述第二时间点处于所述第一时间点之后且处于第二次加油过程之前。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法由控制单元来控制。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制单元基于所存储的工作程序和所存储的数据并且在使用输送给其的传感器信号的情况下查明所述硫含量，并且在识别出存在过高的硫含量时输出显示提高的硫含量的信号。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在识别出存在过高的硫含量之后实施颗粒过滤器再生，并且在实施颗粒过滤器再生之后为了核实存在过高的硫含量而实施对所述硫含量的重新查明。
12.用于查明机动车的排气通道中的硫含量的装置，所述装置具有控制单元（5），该控制单元构造用于控制根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
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