CN115144467A - Ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in rock burst inoculation process of large three-dimensional physical model - Google Patents
Ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in rock burst inoculation process of large three-dimensional physical model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process belongs to active detection, and is used for identifying rock damage and inversion stress field change based on true triaxial stress and ultrasonic correlation characteristics, and mainly utilizes the principle that when ultrasonic waves propagate in a measured object, the ultrasonic waves encounter a fracture interface and a slip interface with different acoustic impedances and can generate reflection, which is equivalent to the inverse process of the traditional microseismic method, the position of an excitation point is known, and the relative position from the excitation point to any spatial array point is known, so that the wave speed is determined according to the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves, and the stress aggregation degree of a potential rock burst area can be effectively sensed. The ultrasonic wave space array is a combination of piezoelectric ceramic crystals of an ultrasonic probe, a plurality of piezoelectric wafers are distributed and arranged in a space array mode, then each piezoelectric wafer is excited successively according to preset delay time, ultrasonic waves emitted by all the piezoelectric wafers form an integral wave front, the shape and the direction of the wave front are controlled, and beam scanning, deflection and focusing of the ultrasonic waves are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics tests, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process.
Background
With the increasing demands for deep resources, energy and deep infrastructure, underground engineering in the fields of hydraulic engineering, mines, highways, railways and the like develops towards the deep part, and the occurrence environment of high ground stress brings about a plurality of deep engineering disasters, wherein the rock burst hazard is the most prominent.
Rock burst is a phenomenon in which elastic deformation potential energy accumulated in a rock body is suddenly and violently released under a high stress condition, so that the rock bursts and is ejected. Under the action of strong dynamic disturbance, the frequency and the strength of surrounding rock dynamic disasters of the deep underground cavern are obviously increased, and rock burst and surrounding rock dynamic instability damage are major potential safety hazards in deep underground engineering construction and become key disaster problems for restricting the deep engineering construction safety.
In order to deeply research the rock burst destruction characteristics of a deeply-buried high-ground-stress tunnel and better solve the problem of the stability of surrounding rocks in the construction process of underground engineering, the large-scale three-dimensional physical simulation test technology in the whole process of multi-type rock burst inoculation of the deep engineering is an extremely important research means.
At present, for the characteristic perception of deep engineering rock burst, a micro-seismic monitoring technology is mainly used on site, and acoustic emission monitoring is mainly used for indoor rock block compression test. The research mainly based on microseismic monitoring, analysis and early warning promotes the development of a dynamic regulation and control method of deep rock engineering, but because the repeatability of rock burst is not strong, the rock burst monitoring and field investigation research are more posterior analysis, and the data acquisition capability and the resolution ratio of the whole process of multi-type rock burst inoculation are limited. The acoustic emission is a phenomenon that a local source in rock quickly releases energy to generate transient elastic waves, piezoelectric ceramic sensors with different frequency spectrum characteristics are adopted to receive signals of the type, and due to the signal frequency spectrum characteristics, the acoustic emission is more suitable for monitoring fracture signals of rock test blocks. Therefore, most of the existing monitoring means for rock mass rupture signals are passive monitoring, that is, the rupture signals must appear in the rock to obtain acoustic information, and usually, the spatial and temporal change process of the rock mass with high energy density under the complex load induced stress concentration action cannot be actively obtained, and the change process is the foundation of a rock burst inoculation mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process, which belongs to active detection and is used for identifying rock damage and inverting stress field change based on true triaxial stress and ultrasonic correlation characteristics. The ultrasonic wave space array is a combination of piezoelectric ceramic crystals of an ultrasonic probe, a plurality of piezoelectric wafers are distributed and arranged according to a set rule, and then each piezoelectric wafer is excited successively according to a preset delay time, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by all the wafers form an integral wave front, the shape and the direction of an emitted ultrasonic beam (wave front) can be effectively controlled, and further, beam scanning, deflection and focusing of the ultrasonic waves are realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a large three-dimensional physical model sample, wherein a plurality of piezoelectric wafers are pre-embedded in the preparation process of the large three-dimensional physical model sample, and the piezoelectric wafers are distributed and arranged in a spatial array mode;
step two: selecting one piezoelectric wafer from the space array, sending an ultrasonic excitation signal to the piezoelectric wafer, sending ultrasonic waves to the surface of the large three-dimensional physical model sample by the piezoelectric wafer, and receiving ultrasonic echo signals by the rest piezoelectric wafers in the space array;
step three: selecting another piezoelectric wafer from the space array, sending an ultrasonic excitation signal to the piezoelectric wafer, transmitting ultrasonic waves to the surface of the large three-dimensional physical model sample by the piezoelectric wafer, and receiving ultrasonic echo signals by the rest piezoelectric wafers in the space array; repeating the steps until all the piezoelectric wafers in the space array complete one ultrasonic wave sending process;
step four: carrying out a true triaxial loading test on a large three-dimensional physical model sample, excavating a micro tunnel on the large three-dimensional physical model sample in the true triaxial loading process, collecting and sorting various single ultrasonic signals and mixed ultrasonic signals in the micro tunnel excavating process, and further compiling into a characteristic wave signal database;
step five: analyzing the characteristic wave signal data to form a static analysis mathematical and physical model, a dynamic response iteration model and a constraint optimization modification model of an acoustic number domain;
step six: according to the restraint optimization correction model of the acoustic number domain, a sound pressure distribution diagram is generated, the position and the size of a three-dimensional volume element model at the rock burst inoculation position are determined, the angle, the scanning depth and the scanning angle of a section are adjusted at will, the focusing position of the rock burst which possibly occurs is captured dynamically, the scanning speed is adjusted according to the ultrasonic wave echo signal and the motion characteristics of the rock burst inoculation position during scanning so as to sense the formation of microcracks and the section, and the inoculation condition of the rock burst is tracked in real time;
step seven: displaying ultrasonic echo signals acquired by different piezoelectric wafers in a gray scale mode to form a two-dimensional dynamic real-time image of a rock burst inoculation position, and acquiring a continuous two-dimensional section diagram;
step eight: and generating a three-dimensional image database through the acquired continuous two-dimensional section images to supplement a correction model of an acoustic number domain, further forming a noise + structure model of the image domain, so as to master the rock burst inoculation process inside a large three-dimensional physical model sample in real time, realize the identification of surrounding rock energy accumulation, dissipation and release processes, perceive the stress accumulation degree of a potential rock burst area, and realize high-resolution perception of the rock burst inoculation process.
In the first step, the selected piezoelectric wafer needs to be matched with the material acoustic impedance characteristics of the large-scale three-dimensional physical model sample.
In the second step, the ultrasonic excitation signal sent to the piezoelectric wafer includes amplitude, waveform, frequency, amplification factor and band-pass filtering frequency, and the ultrasonic excitation signal needs to be amplified and then sent to the piezoelectric wafer.
In the third step, after all the piezoelectric wafers in the spatial array complete one ultrasonic wave transmitting process, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by all the piezoelectric wafers form an integral wave front, and the shape and the direction of the wave front are controlled to realize beam scanning, deflection and focusing of the ultrasonic waves.
In the fourth step, various single ultrasonic signals and mixed ultrasonic signals generated in the micro tunnel excavation process generate different characteristics of the ultrasonic signals according to rock crack damage, broken stone and rolling, seepage and water drops, rock burst, excavation broken stone sound and personnel construction noise.
In the fifth step, before forming the static analytic mathematical model, the dynamic response iterative model and the constraint optimization correction model of the acoustic numerical domain, it is necessary to establish the frequency, amplitude, phase and wave velocity of various ultrasonic signals as input parameters, then interpret and resynthesize the mixed signal, adjust a proper filtering function to filter various noise signals until extracting the signal characteristics useful for rock burst identification and the behavior characteristics of excavated gravel in the ultrasonic frequency band.
In step six, the sound pressure profile is used to characterize the severity of the rockburst inoculation.
In step seven, the acquisition of the continuous two-dimensional cross-sectional views is realized by the movement of the scanning plane.
And step eight, after the three-dimensional image database is generated, when a reference section is selected to cut and observe the three-dimensional image database in any direction, the three-dimensional reconstruction and display of the rock burst inoculation position can be completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses an ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process, which belongs to active detection, and is used for identifying rock damage and inversion stress field change based on true triaxial stress and ultrasonic correlation characteristics. The ultrasonic wave space array is a combination of piezoelectric ceramic crystals of an ultrasonic probe, a plurality of piezoelectric wafers are distributed and arranged in a space array mode, and then each piezoelectric wafer is excited successively according to preset delay time, so that the ultrasonic waves emitted by all the piezoelectric wafers form an integral wave front, the shape and the direction of an emitted ultrasonic beam (wave front) can be effectively controlled, and further, the beam scanning, the deflection and the focusing of the ultrasonic waves are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an implementation principle diagram of an ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process of the invention;
in the figure, 1 is a large three-dimensional physical model sample, 2 is a piezoelectric wafer, and 3 is a micro tunnel.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
An ultrasonic space array sensing method in a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a large three-dimensional physical model sample 1, wherein a plurality of piezoelectric wafers 2 are embedded in the large three-dimensional physical model sample 1 in the preparation process, and the piezoelectric wafers 2 are distributed and arranged in a spatial array mode, as shown in figure 1; the selected piezoelectric wafer 1 needs to be matched with the acoustic impedance characteristic of the material of the large three-dimensional physical model sample 1;
step two: selecting one piezoelectric wafer 2 from a spatial array, sending an ultrasonic excitation signal to the piezoelectric wafer 2, sending ultrasonic waves to the surface of a large three-dimensional physical model sample 1 by the piezoelectric wafer 2, and receiving ultrasonic echo signals by the rest piezoelectric wafers 2 in the spatial array; the ultrasonic excitation signal sent to the piezoelectric wafer 2 comprises amplitude, waveform, frequency, amplification factor and band-pass filtering frequency, and the ultrasonic excitation signal needs to be amplified and then sent to the piezoelectric wafer 2;
step three: selecting another piezoelectric wafer 2 from the spatial array, sending an ultrasonic excitation signal to the piezoelectric wafer 2, and transmitting ultrasonic waves to the surface of the large three-dimensional physical model sample 1 by the piezoelectric wafer 2, wherein the rest piezoelectric wafers 2 in the spatial array are all used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals; repeating the steps until all the piezoelectric wafers 2 in the spatial array complete one ultrasonic wave sending process; after all the piezoelectric wafers 2 in the spatial array complete the ultrasonic wave transmitting process once, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by all the piezoelectric wafers 2 form an integral wave front, and the shape and the direction of the wave front are controlled to realize beam scanning, deflection and focusing of the ultrasonic waves;
step four: carrying out a true triaxial loading test on a large three-dimensional physical model sample 1, excavating a micro tunnel 3 on the large three-dimensional physical model sample 1 in the true triaxial loading process, collecting and sorting various single ultrasonic signals and mixed ultrasonic signals in the excavating process of the micro tunnel 3, and further compiling into a characteristic wave signal database; various single ultrasonic signals and mixed ultrasonic signals generated in the excavation process of the micro tunnel 3 generate different characteristics of the ultrasonic signals by rock mass crack damage, broken stone and rolling, seepage and water drops, rock burst, excavation broken stone sound and personnel construction noise;
step five: analyzing the characteristic wave signal data to form a static analysis mathematical and physical model, a dynamic response iteration model and a constraint optimization modification model of an acoustic number domain; before forming a static analysis mathematical model, a dynamic response iteration model and a constraint optimization correction model of an acoustic numerical domain, establishing the frequency, the amplitude, the phase and the wave speed of various ultrasonic signals as input parameters, then interpreting and resynthesizing mixed signals, adjusting a proper filter function to filter various noise signals until signal characteristics useful for rock burst identification and behavior characteristics of excavated gravels in an ultrasonic frequency band are extracted;
step six: generating a sound pressure distribution diagram according to a constrained optimization correction model of a sound number domain, determining the position and size of a three-dimensional volume element model at a rock burst inoculation position, randomly adjusting the angle, scanning depth and scanning angle of a section, dynamically capturing a focusing position at which the rock burst is likely to occur, adjusting scanning speed according to an ultrasonic echo signal and motion characteristics of the rock burst inoculation position during scanning to sense the formation of a microcrack and the section, and tracking the inoculation condition of the rock burst in real time; the sound pressure distribution diagram is used for representing the intensity of rock burst inoculation;
step seven: displaying ultrasonic echo signals acquired by different piezoelectric wafers 2 in a gray scale mode to form a two-dimensional dynamic real-time image of a rock burst inoculation position, and acquiring a continuous two-dimensional section diagram; the acquisition of the continuous two-dimensional section diagrams is realized by the movement of a scanning plane;
step eight: generating a three-dimensional image database through the obtained continuous two-dimensional section images to supplement a correction model of an acoustic-numerical domain, further forming a noise + structure model of an image domain, so as to master the rock burst inoculation process in a large three-dimensional physical model sample 1 in real time, realize the identification of surrounding rock energy accumulation, dissipation and release processes, sense the stress accumulation degree of a potential rock burst area and realize high-resolution sensing of the rock burst inoculation process; after the three-dimensional image database is generated, when a reference section is selected to cut and observe the three-dimensional image database in any direction, the three-dimensional reconstruction and display of the rock burst inoculation position can be completed.
The embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An ultrasonic spatial array sensing method in a large three-dimensional physical model rock burst inoculation process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a large three-dimensional physical model sample, wherein a plurality of piezoelectric wafers are pre-embedded in the preparation process of the large three-dimensional physical model sample, and the piezoelectric wafers are distributed and arranged in a spatial array mode;
step two: selecting one piezoelectric wafer from the space array, sending an ultrasonic excitation signal to the piezoelectric wafer, sending ultrasonic waves to the surface of the large three-dimensional physical model sample by the piezoelectric wafer, and receiving ultrasonic echo signals by the rest piezoelectric wafers in the space array;
step three: selecting another piezoelectric wafer from the space array, sending an ultrasonic excitation signal to the piezoelectric wafer, and transmitting ultrasonic waves to the surface of the large three-dimensional physical model sample by the piezoelectric wafer, wherein the rest piezoelectric wafers in the space array are used for receiving ultrasonic echo signals; repeating the steps until all the piezoelectric wafers in the space array complete one ultrasonic wave sending process;
step four: carrying out a true triaxial loading test on a large three-dimensional physical model sample, carrying out simulated tunnel hole excavation on the large three-dimensional physical model sample in a true triaxial loading process, collecting and sorting various single ultrasonic signals and mixed ultrasonic signals in the simulated tunnel hole excavation process, and further compiling into a characteristic wave signal database;
step five: analyzing the characteristic wave signal data to form a static analysis mathematical and physical model, a dynamic response iteration model and a constraint optimization modification model of an acoustic number domain;
step six: according to the restraint optimization correction model of the acoustic number domain, a sound pressure distribution diagram is generated, the position and the size of a three-dimensional volume element model at the rock burst inoculation position are determined, the angle, the scanning depth and the scanning angle of a section are adjusted at will, the focusing position of the rock burst which possibly occurs is captured dynamically, the scanning speed is adjusted according to the ultrasonic wave echo signal and the motion characteristics of the rock burst inoculation position during scanning so as to sense the formation of microcracks and the section, and the inoculation condition of the rock burst is tracked in real time;
step seven: displaying ultrasonic echo signals acquired by different piezoelectric wafers in a gray scale mode to form a two-dimensional dynamic real-time image of a rock burst inoculation position, and acquiring a continuous two-dimensional section diagram;
step eight: and generating a three-dimensional image database through the obtained continuous two-dimensional sectional images to supplement a correction model of an acoustic number domain, and further forming a noise + structure model of an image domain, so as to master the rockburst inoculation process in a large three-dimensional physical model sample in real time, realize the identification of the surrounding rock energy accumulation, dissipation and release processes, perceive the stress accumulation degree of a potential rockburst area, and realize the high-resolution perception of the rockburst inoculation process.
2. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the selected piezoelectric wafer needs to be matched with the material acoustic impedance characteristics of the large-scale three-dimensional physical model sample.
3. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the ultrasonic excitation signal sent to the piezoelectric wafer includes amplitude, waveform, frequency, amplification factor and band-pass filtering frequency, and the ultrasonic excitation signal needs to be amplified and then sent to the piezoelectric wafer.
4. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, after all the piezoelectric wafers in the spatial array complete one ultrasonic wave transmitting process, the ultrasonic waves transmitted by all the piezoelectric wafers form an integral wave front, and the shape and the direction of the wave front are controlled to realize beam scanning, deflection and focusing of the ultrasonic waves.
5. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, various single ultrasonic signals and mixed ultrasonic signals generated in the tunnel hole excavation process are simulated, and different characteristics of the ultrasonic signals are generated by rock crack damage, broken stone and rolling, seepage and water drops, rock burst, excavation broken stone sound and personnel construction noise.
6. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, before forming the static analytic mathematical model, the dynamic response iterative model and the constraint optimization correction model of the acoustic numerical domain, it is necessary to establish the frequency, amplitude, phase and wave velocity of various ultrasonic signals as input parameters, then interpret and resynthesize the mixed signal, adjust a proper filtering function to filter various noise signals until extracting the signal characteristics useful for rock burst identification and the behavior characteristics of excavated gravel in the ultrasonic frequency band.
7. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step six, the sound pressure profile is used to characterize the severity of the rockburst inoculation.
8. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step seven, the acquisition of the continuous two-dimensional cross-sectional views is realized by the movement of the scanning plane.
9. The ultrasonic spatial array sensing method for the rock burst inoculation process of the large three-dimensional physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step eight, after the three-dimensional image database is generated, when a reference section is selected to cut and observe the three-dimensional image database in any direction, the three-dimensional reconstruction and display of the rock burst inoculation position can be completed.
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