CN115143854A - Blast hole fracturing column and blasting construction method - Google Patents
Blast hole fracturing column and blasting construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115143854A CN115143854A CN202210980828.2A CN202210980828A CN115143854A CN 115143854 A CN115143854 A CN 115143854A CN 202210980828 A CN202210980828 A CN 202210980828A CN 115143854 A CN115143854 A CN 115143854A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blast hole fracturing column and a blasting construction method, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass engineering blasting, wherein a cylindrical fracturing column is internally provided with a water absorption expansion layer, the middle part of the cylindrical fracturing column is provided with a water injection space, a plurality of explosive columns are circumferentially arranged outside the water absorption expansion layer, and the explosive columns are arranged along the length direction of the fracturing column; by placing the fracturing column in the blast hole, the water-absorbing expansion layer can enable the explosive column to be close to the wall of the blast hole after water injection expansion, and a state that high explosive is annularly arranged along the inner wall of the blast hole is formed; the explosive column is detonated, relatively dense cracks are formed around the blast hole wall in advance by using impact load generated by a proper amount of high explosive, then the rock mass is further crushed by adopting a high-pressure gas physical blasting technology, high-pressure gas enters the preformed cracks to promote the original cracks to extend and expand, new cracks are generated in the rock mass, and part of the rock mass is separated from a parent body to form a rock mass under the action of 'gas wedge' of the high-pressure gas. The method is quick in construction, safe and environment-friendly, and improves the rock blasting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass engineering blasting, and particularly relates to a blast hole fracturing column and a blasting construction method.
Background
The infrastructure is the national economy life line and is an important field of investment-driven economy. Under the current economic situation, the construction of infrastructure is accelerated, and the economic stability growth is realized, thereby having great significance. The progress of rock mass engineering construction technology is important for accelerating infrastructure construction. The existing rock engineering construction method mainly comprises the traditional chemical blasting, high-pressure expansion physical blasting, hydraulic crushing, static crushing, mechanical crushing and the like. In the traditional chemical blasting construction, after a large amount of explosives are detonated, large blasting vibration can be induced, blasting harmful effects such as a large amount of harmful gas, shock waves, noise, dust and the like are generated, blasting flyrock accidents can be caused when the design and construction are rough, not only can the safe and stable operation of surrounding adjacent buildings and the life and property safety of field construction technicians be adversely affected, but also serious environmental pollution can be caused.
With the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness of people, a rock mass construction technology which is pollution-free, nuisanceless, high in environmental protection and high in safety factor is required to be used in a construction site, and a traditional large-scale chemical blasting method is forbidden to be used in some construction occasions. And the method replaces environment-friendly construction technologies such as high-pressure gas physical blasting, hydraulic crushing, static crushing, mechanical crushing and the like. The construction technology such as hydraulic crushing, static crushing, mechanical crushing and the like is complex in operation, low in excavation efficiency and high in cost, is not suitable for excavation construction of large-volume rock masses, and can only be used as an auxiliary means for rock mass excavation. In recent years, the high-pressure gas physical blasting technology, as an environment-friendly green rock breaking technology, has the advantages of small vibration, no pollution and the like, has become a popular research topic in the field of rock breaking and excavation, and is gradually applied to various geotechnical engineering constructions.
Compare with traditional chemical blasting, the load peak pressure that high pressure inflation physical blasting produced is lower, and the unable abundant broken rock mass is mostly only peeled off partial rock mass, and not cut apart the rock mass and form the less rock mass of size, lead to exploding back bold rate extremely high, to follow-up dig, adorn, transport, unload very inconvenient, often need the secondary crushing, increased construction cost, also do not benefit to construction period's control. In addition, in the physical blasting process of high-pressure gas, the gas pressure action lasts for a long time, and the blocking structure is easy to punch out blast holes under the action of continuous thrust, so that the gas pressure is suddenly reduced, and the rock mass crushing effect is influenced; by increasing the length of the plug, early pressure relief can be avoided, but the gas action range is shortened, and particularly, rock mass around the blast hole opening is hardly damaged. The difficulty of blast hole blockage in high-pressure gas physical blasting is higher.
Aiming at the problems in the rock mass construction technology, the advantages of chemical blasting and high-pressure gas physical blasting are combined, and the environment-friendly blasting construction method is provided, so that rock can be efficiently broken, adverse effects on the safety of surrounding buildings (structures) can be effectively avoided, dust pollution and noise can be reduced, and the construction environment can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blast hole fracturing column and a blasting construction method, aiming at solving the problems that the construction technologies such as hydraulic crushing, static crushing, mechanical crushing and the like in the prior art are complex in operation, low in excavation efficiency and high in cost, and are not suitable for excavation construction of large-square rock masses; the high-pressure expansion physical blasting has the technical problems of high block rate, secondary crushing, high construction cost and inconvenience for the control of the construction period.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a blast hole sends and splits post, send and split the post for cylindric, send and split the interior water-absorbing expansion layer that establishes of post, the central point on water-absorbing expansion layer is equipped with the water injection space that can contain water, the outside circumference on water-absorbing expansion layer inlays and adorns many explosive columns, the explosive column is arranged along sending the length direction who splits the post.
Preferably, the water injection space in the middle of the fracturing column is a hollow columnar space, and water can be injected to make the water-absorbing expansion layer absorb water and expand; the outer part of the water absorption expansion layer is an elastic layer made of elastic materials, and a plurality of explosive columns are embedded in the elastic layer at intervals.
The invention also provides a blasting construction method, which comprises the following steps:
step 2, injecting water into the water injection space of the fracturing column, enabling the water absorption expansion layer of the fracturing column to absorb water and expand, and extruding the elastic layer with the explosive columns embedded inside to the inner wall of the blast hole without contacting the explosive columns with the inner wall of the blast hole;
and 5, further crushing the rock mass by adopting a high-pressure gas physical blasting technology to form a rock mass.
Further, in the step 1, after the blast hole is drilled, hole cleaning and hole checking operations are performed.
Further, in step 1, the bottom of the fracturing column is tied up by a binding wire, connected with a heavy object and then placed into a blast hole.
Further, in step 3, the orifice of the front hole of the explosive charge is covered with a plate-like weight.
Further, in step 4, rock slag, broken stone and debris falling into the blast hole are blown out of the blast hole by a high-pressure fan and are recovered.
Preferably, the radius of a central columnar space of the fracturing column is 10-20 mm, the thickness of the water-absorbing expansion layer is 5-10 mmmm, the thickness of the elastic material of the elastic layer is 10-20 mmmm, and a plurality of explosive columns are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the water-absorbing expansion layer and are arranged in the middle between the inner wall and the outer wall of the water-absorbing expansion layer; the diameter of the explosive columns is 5-10 mm, and the number of the explosive columns is 4-12.
Preferably, the packing length of the fracturing explosive column in the blast hole is 10-30 cm less than the depth of the blast hole.
Preferably, the explosive column is a detonating cord, the explosion velocity of the explosive column is more than 6000m/s, and the density of the explosive column is more than 1600kg/m 3 。
Preferably, the high-pressure gas physical blasting technology is a carbon dioxide phase change expansion blasting technology.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: compared with the prior art, the explosive cracking column is placed in the blast hole, the plurality of explosive columns are embedded in the water absorption expansion layer of the explosive cracking column, and the explosive columns can be close to the wall of the blast hole after water injection expansion, so that the aim of arranging high explosive along the annular direction of the inner wall of the blast hole is fulfilled; the method comprises the steps of utilizing impact load generated by a proper amount of high explosive to form dense cracks around the blast hole wall in advance, then further crushing a rock body by adopting a high-pressure gas physical blasting technology, enabling high-pressure gas to enter the preformed cracks to promote the original cracks to extend and expand, meanwhile promoting new cracks to be generated in the rock body, and enabling part of the rock body to be separated from a parent body to form a rock mass under the action of 'gas wedge' of the high-pressure gas. The method is rapid and convenient in construction, safe and environment-friendly, and can greatly improve the rock blasting effect.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a blast hole fracturing column provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the fractured string of FIG. 1 after water injection expansion;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a dense crack formed in the rock mass around a blast hole after initiation using the present invention;
in the figure: 1. 1-1 parts of fracturing column, 1-2 parts of water injection space, 1-3 parts of water absorption expansion layer, 1-4 parts of explosive column and elastic layer; 2. water; 3. blast holes; 4. and (4) cracking.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the blasthole fracturing column provided by the invention is cylindrical, a water absorption expansion layer 1-2 is arranged in the fracturing column 1, a water injection space 1-1 capable of containing water is arranged in the middle of the fracturing column 1, a plurality of explosive columns 1-3 are arranged outside the water absorption expansion layer 1-2 along the circumferential direction of the water absorption expansion layer, and the explosive columns 1-3 are arranged along the length direction of the fracturing column 1 and are uniformly arranged in the water absorption expansion layer 1-2.
As shown in fig. 2, a water injection space 1-1 in the middle of the fracturing column 1 is a hollow columnar space, and water can be injected to make the water-absorbing expansion layer 1-2 absorb water and expand; the outer part of the water absorption expansion layer 1-2 is an elastic layer 1-4 made of elastic materials, and a plurality of explosive columns 1-3 are embedded in the elastic layer 1-4 at annular intervals. The elastic layer can be made of elastic materials such as rubber, and can ensure that the explosive column is upright after the water absorption expansion layer absorbs water and expands, so that the inconsistency of the radial displacement of the explosive column along the length direction of the explosive column is avoided.
The invention also provides a blasting construction method, which comprises the following steps:
note that the bottom of the fracturing string 1 should be tied with a binding wire, connected to a weight, and placed in the blast hole 3.
And 2, injecting water into the water injection space 1-1 of the cracking column 1, enabling the water absorption expansion layer 1-2 of the cracking column 1 to absorb water and expand, uniformly extruding the elastic layer 1-4 with the explosive column 1-3 embedded therein to the inner wall of the blast hole 3, and enabling the explosive column 1-3 not to be in contact with the inner wall of the blast hole 3.
And 3, initiating explosive columns 1-3 to form a plurality of dense cracks 4 in the rock mass around the blast hole 3.
Note that: the orifice of the front blast hole 3 of the explosive column 1-3 is covered and pressed by a plate-shaped heavy object.
And 4, secondary hole cleaning, namely blowing the rock slag, the broken stone and the chippings falling into the blast hole 3 out of the blast hole by using a high-pressure fan and recovering the rock slag, the broken stone and the chippings.
And 5, further crushing the rock mass by adopting a high-pressure gas physical blasting technology to form a rock mass.
The blasting construction method using the fracturing column is within the protection scope of the invention.
During specific design, the radius of a central columnar space 1-1 of the cracking column 1 is designed to be 10-20 mm, the thickness of the water absorption expansion layer 1-2 is designed to be 5-10 mmmm, the thickness of an elastic material of the elastic layer 1-4 is designed to be 10-20 mmmm, and a plurality of explosive columns 1-3 are uniformly arranged in the middle of the elastic layer 1-4; the diameter of the explosive columns 1-3 is designed to be 5-10 mm, and the number of the explosive columns is designed to be 4-12. Specifically, the method is determined according to the rock mass property, the number of explosive columns of the hard rock with better integrity is large, the number of explosive columns of the soft rock with poorer integrity is small.
In addition, the filling length of the fracturing column in the blast hole is 10-30 cm less than the depth of the blast hole.
Preferably, the explosive column is a detonating cord, the detonation velocity of the explosive column is more than 6000m/s, and the density of the explosive column is more than 1600kg/m 3 ；
Wherein, the high-pressure gas physical blasting technology is preferably a carbon dioxide phase change expansion blasting technology.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the fracturing columns are specifically made with the following dimensions: the length of sending and splitting post is 7.8m, and middle part column water injection space radius is 10mm, and the thickness on the swelling layer that absorbs water is 5mm, and the thickness on outside elastic layer is 15mm, and the diameter of explosive post is 6mm, the number is 8, and many explosive posts evenly set up in outside elastic layer middle part.
The specific application principle of the invention is as follows: the fracturing column is placed in the blast hole, and a plurality of embedded explosive columns can be uniformly close to the wall of the blast hole after the water absorption expansion layer of the fracturing column absorbs water and expands, so that the aim of arranging high explosive on the inner wall of the blast hole along the annular direction of the inner wall of the blast hole is fulfilled. The explosive column is detonated, relatively dense cracks are formed around the blast hole wall in advance by using impact load generated by a proper amount of high explosive, then the rock mass is further crushed by adopting a high-pressure gas physical blasting technology, high-pressure gas enters the preformed cracks to promote the original cracks to extend and expand, new cracks are generated in the rock mass, and part of the rock mass is separated from a parent body to form a rock mass under the action of 'gas wedge' of the high-pressure gas.
In conclusion, the method has the advantages of being fast and convenient in construction, safe and environment-friendly, and capable of greatly improving the rock blasting effect, cracking columns after water absorption expansion are filled and blocked in the blast hole, explosive columns embedded and distributed annularly and uniformly impact the periphery of the blast hole wall after being detonated to form dense cracks, and then the high-pressure gas physical blasting technology is utilized to further break the rock. The pre-formed crack is beneficial to fully playing the 'gas wedge' effect of high-pressure gas, can also adjust the change rule of high-pressure gas load along with time, shortens the action time of a high-pressure section of the gas load, effectively avoids excessive crushing of the rock mass, prolongs the action time of a low-pressure section of the gas load, and improves the rock mass crushing effect. The method is convenient to popularize and apply, and can be used for rock mass excavation construction in the fields of mines, water conservancy and hydropower, traffic, municipal administration and the like.
In the description above, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above.
Claims (10)
1. A blast hole fracturing column is characterized in that: the fracturing column is cylindrical, a water absorption expansion layer is arranged in the fracturing column, a water injection space capable of containing water is arranged in the center of the water absorption expansion layer, a plurality of explosive columns are circumferentially arranged outside the water absorption expansion layer, and the explosive columns are arranged along the length direction of the fracturing column.
2. The blast hole fracturing string of claim 1, wherein: the middle water injection space of the fracturing column is a hollow columnar space, and water can be injected to enable the water absorption expansion layer to absorb water and expand; the outer part of the water absorption expansion layer is an elastic layer made of elastic materials, and a plurality of explosive columns are embedded in the elastic layer at intervals.
3. A blasting construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, drilling a blast hole in a rock body, and putting the fracturing string as claimed in claim 1 or 2 into the blast hole;
step 2, injecting water into a water injection space of the fracturing column, enabling a water absorption expansion layer of the fracturing column to absorb water and expand, and extruding explosive columns on the periphery to the inner wall of the blast hole;
step 3, initiating explosive columns to form a plurality of intensive cracks in rock mass around the blast holes;
step 4, secondary hole cleaning;
and 5, further crushing the rock mass by adopting a high-pressure gas physical blasting technology to form a rock mass.
4. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein: after the blast hole is drilled in the step 1, hole cleaning and hole checking operations are carried out; and (4) bundling the bottom of the fracturing column by using a binding wire, connecting the bottom with a heavy object, and then putting the heavy object into the blast hole.
5. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein: in step 3, the opening of the front blast hole of the explosive column is covered with a plate-shaped weight.
6. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein: and 4, blowing the rock slag, the broken stone and the fragments falling into the blast hole out of the blast hole by using a high-pressure fan and recycling the rock slag, the broken stone and the fragments.
7. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein: the radius of the central columnar space of the fracturing column is 10-20 mm, the thickness of the water-absorbing expansion layer is 5-10 mmmm, the thickness of the elastic material of the elastic layer is 10-20 mmmm, and a plurality of explosive columns are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the elastic layer and are arranged in the middle of the inner wall and the outer wall of the elastic layer; the diameter of the explosive column is 5-10 mm, and the number of the explosive columns is 4-12.
8. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein: the filling length of the fracturing column in the blast hole is 10-30 cm less than the depth of the blast hole.
9. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein: the explosive column is a detonating cord, the explosion velocity of the explosive column is more than 6000m/s, and the density of the explosive column is more than 1600kg/m 3 。
10. The blasting construction method according to claim 3, wherein: the high-pressure gas physical blasting technology is a carbon dioxide phase change expansion blasting technology.
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| CN202210980828.2A CN115143854B (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | Blast hole fracturing column and blasting construction method |
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| JP2000213900A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-02 | Tokyu Constr Co Ltd | Blasting method |
| CN104567564A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Aqueous medium non-coupling charge explosion method of jointed rock mass |
| CN106225617A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-14 | 武汉大学 | A kind of rock-burst prevention method based on quick-fried rammer hydrofracturing |
| CN111595214A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and single-face annular joint-cutting explosive column combined cutting method |
| CN112129185A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-25 | 武汉大学 | Water-containing blast hole charging device and charging method |
| CN112161537A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 武汉大学 | Explosive loading construction method for contour blasting |
| CN112943279A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 | Construction method for tunneling hard rock roadway by adopting hydraulic fracturing and directional blasting |
| CN113932669A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-14 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Blasting equipment for annular uncoupled explosive charging at water intervals in blast hole |
| CN114812283A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-29 | 四川芙蓉川南建设工程有限公司 | Gas-water coupling fracturing device and method based on carbon dioxide fracturing |
-
2022
- 2022-08-16 CN CN202210980828.2A patent/CN115143854B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000213900A (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2000-08-02 | Tokyu Constr Co Ltd | Blasting method |
| CN104567564A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Aqueous medium non-coupling charge explosion method of jointed rock mass |
| CN106225617A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-14 | 武汉大学 | A kind of rock-burst prevention method based on quick-fried rammer hydrofracturing |
| CN111595214A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and single-face annular joint-cutting explosive column combined cutting method |
| CN112129185A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-25 | 武汉大学 | Water-containing blast hole charging device and charging method |
| CN112161537A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 武汉大学 | Explosive loading construction method for contour blasting |
| CN112943279A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 | Construction method for tunneling hard rock roadway by adopting hydraulic fracturing and directional blasting |
| CN113932669A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-14 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Blasting equipment for annular uncoupled explosive charging at water intervals in blast hole |
| CN114812283A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-29 | 四川芙蓉川南建设工程有限公司 | Gas-water coupling fracturing device and method based on carbon dioxide fracturing |
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