CN115143476A - Adiabatic combustion double-slag-discharge boiler for incinerating garbage and working method thereof - Google Patents

Adiabatic combustion double-slag-discharge boiler for incinerating garbage and working method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115143476A
CN115143476A CN202210760749.0A CN202210760749A CN115143476A CN 115143476 A CN115143476 A CN 115143476A CN 202210760749 A CN202210760749 A CN 202210760749A CN 115143476 A CN115143476 A CN 115143476A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hearth
deslagging
garbage
cyclone burner
boiler
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202210760749.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李帅英
周虹光
严万军
张朋飞
张伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Xian Xire Boiler Environmental Protection Engineering Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210760749.0A priority Critical patent/CN115143476A/en
Publication of CN115143476A publication Critical patent/CN115143476A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22DPREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/02Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D1/00Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/02Vortex burners, e.g. for cyclone-type combustion apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/08Liquid slag removal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat-insulation combustion double-deslagging boiler for incinerating garbage and a working method thereof, wherein the heat-insulation combustion double-deslagging boiler comprises a deslagging cyclone burner, a hearth and a tail flue, a primary air inlet, an ignition system, a secondary air inlet and a garbage ash inlet are arranged on the deslagging cyclone burner, a flue gas outlet of the deslagging cyclone burner is connected with the inlet of the hearth, a secondary air nozzle, a ventilation nozzle and a hearth deslagging port are arranged on the hearth, and the outlet of the hearth is connected with the tail flue; the boiler and the working method thereof can restrain generation of dioxin and can treat landfill leachate at the same time.

Description

Adiabatic combustion double-slag-discharge boiler for incinerating garbage and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of garbage power generation, and relates to an adiabatic combustion double-deslagging boiler for incinerating garbage and a working method thereof.
Background
Along with the acceleration of the urbanization process of China, the garbage output increases rapidly, the disposal capacity of the existing environment-friendly facility is insufficient, the environmental awareness of the China is gradually improved, the existing garbage incineration disposal is mainly based on the cooperation of garbage power generation and a cement kiln, the existing garbage power plant mainly adopts a grate furnace and a circulating fluidized bed boiler to incinerate garbage, the generated steam parameter is low, the power generation efficiency of the garbage power plant is about 28%, because the temperature of a hearth of the garbage incinerator is about 800 ℃, dioxin precursors cannot be decomposed, dioxin substances are resynthesized in the tail flue gas temperature reduction process, the emission index of atmospheric pollutants of the garbage power plant is higher than that of a coal-fired power plant, and along with the increase of the number of the garbage power plants, the emission amount of the pollutants is greatly improved. In addition, in order to increase the calorific value of the garbage entering the furnace, the garbage power plant generally adopts a fermentation mode to separate out part of water in the garbage power plant, so that a large amount of garbage leachate is generated, and the garbage leachate is difficult to dispose. The problems of high pollutant discharge concentration, difficult disposal of landfill leachate and the like exist in the cement kiln cooperative disposal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an adiabatic combustion double-deslagging boiler for incinerating garbage and a working method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the heat-insulation combustion double-slag-discharge boiler for incinerating the garbage comprises a slag-discharge cyclone burner, a hearth and a tail flue;
a primary air inlet, an ignition system, a secondary air inlet and a garbage ash inlet are arranged on the deslagging cyclone burner, a flue gas outlet of the deslagging cyclone burner is connected with an inlet of a hearth, a secondary air nozzle, a ventilation nozzle and a hearth deslagging port are arranged on the hearth, and an outlet of the hearth is connected with a tail flue;
the bottom of the deslagging cyclone burner is provided with a burner deslagging port, and the bottom of the hearth is provided with a hearth deslagging port.
Heating surfaces are sequentially arranged in the tail flue along the flowing direction of flue gas a secondary air preheater, an economizer and a primary air preheater.
The hearth is an adiabatic hearth.
The inner wall of the deslagging cyclone burner is of a heat insulation structure.
The combustor slag discharge port is communicated with a liquid slag collecting system.
The furnace slag discharge port is connected with a solid slag recovery system.
The working method of the heat-insulation combustion double-deslagging boiler for incinerating the garbage comprises the following steps:
starting an ignition system, introducing primary air and secondary air to heat the boiler, adding micron-grade garbage carbon powder into the primary air, introducing the primary air carrying the garbage carbon powder into a deslagging cyclone burner through a primary air inlet, and enabling the primary air and the garbage carbon powder to be distributed along the circumferential direction of the deslagging cyclone burner due to airflow rotation; secondary air enters the deslagging cyclone burner from the circumferential direction of a secondary air inlet, and air required by carbon powder combustion can be supplemented in time due to airflow rotation; the garbage carbon powder is burnt near the inner wall of the deslagging cyclone burner to form flame which is spread towards the center of the deslagging cyclone burner so as to form a high-temperature environment of 1500-1600 ℃; the garbage ash particles added through the garbage ash inlet and the ash particles in the carbon powder are melted in the high-temperature environment of the deslagging cyclone burner to be in a liquid state and then discharged from a slag discharge port of the burner, gaseous products generated in the deslagging cyclone burner enter a hearth, the gaseous products and secondary air output by the all-in-one machine respectively enter the hearth through an exhaust air nozzle and a secondary air nozzle, organic gas, the carbon powder and products which are not completely combusted in the deslagging cyclone burner in the garbage carbonization process are subjected to adiabatic combustion in the hearth, and solid slag generated in the combustion process is discharged through the slag discharge port of the hearth; the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth is more than 850 ℃, dioxin and precursor are decomposed by utilizing the high-temperature condition of the hearth, and the tail flue gas is prevented from being resynthesized in the temperature reduction process.
The tail flue is sequentially provided with a heating surface, a secondary air preheater, an economizer and a primary air preheater, steam parameters generated by the heating surface reach a subcritical level, and the primary air preheater and the secondary air preheater heat air to above 400 ℃ so as to ensure a high-temperature environment in a hearth and a deslagging cyclone burner.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a heat-insulation combustion double-deslagging boiler for incinerating garbage and a working method thereof, wherein during specific operation, an ignition system is started, primary air and secondary air are introduced to heat the boiler, micron-grade garbage carbon powder is added into the primary air, the primary air carrying the garbage carbon powder enters a deslagging cyclone burner along the circumferential direction through a primary air inlet, and the primary air and the garbage carbon powder are distributed along the circumferential direction of the deslagging cyclone burner due to airflow rotation; secondary air enters the deslagging cyclone burner along the circumferential direction through a secondary air inlet, and air required by carbon powder combustion can be supplemented in time due to airflow rotation; the garbage carbon powder is rapidly combusted near the inner wall of the deslagging cyclone burner to form flame which is spread towards the center of the burner to form a high-temperature environment of 1500-1600 ℃; the garbage ash particles and the ash particles in the carbon powder which are added from the garbage ash inlet are melted in the high-temperature environment of the deslagging cyclone burner and are in a liquid state, then the melted garbage ash particles and the ash particles are discharged from a slag discharge port of the burner, a gaseous product hearth in the deslagging cyclone burner is discharged, a gaseous product and secondary air which are output by the all-in-one machine respectively enter the hearth from an exhaust air nozzle and a secondary air nozzle, organic gas, carbon powder and products which are not completely combusted in the deslagging cyclone burner in the garbage carbonization process are subjected to adiabatic combustion in the hearth, and solid slag generated in the combustion process is discharged to a solid slag recovery system from the slag discharge port of the hearth; the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth is more than 850 ℃, and dioxin and precursor are decomposed by utilizing the high-temperature condition of the hearth, so that the tail flue gas is prevented from being resynthesized in the temperature reduction process. The invention provides a waste incineration boiler, which improves steam parameters to a subcritical level, effectively improves the power generation efficiency to more than 35%, suppresses dioxin generation under the high temperature condition of more than 1200 ℃, realizes zero emission of waste ash in a liquid slag discharge mode, achieves the indexes of a coal-fired boiler in the aspects of steam parameters, pollutant discharge and the like in the waste incineration boiler, and is at an international leading level.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a deslagging cyclone burner, 2 is a primary air inlet, 3 is an ignition system, 4 is a secondary air inlet, 5 is a garbage ash inlet, 6 is a hearth, 7 is a secondary air nozzle, 8 is an exhaust gas nozzle, 9 is a heating surface, 10 is a secondary air preheater, 11 is an economizer, 12 is a primary air preheater, 13 is a burner slag discharge port, and 14 is a hearth slag discharge port.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1, the heat-insulating combustion double-slag-discharging boiler for incinerating garbage comprises a slag-discharging cyclone burner 1, a primary air inlet 2, an ignition system 3, a secondary air inlet 4, a garbage ash inlet 5, a hearth 6, a secondary air nozzle 7, a waste air nozzle 8, a heating surface 9, a secondary air preheater 10, an economizer 11, a primary air preheater 12, a burner slag-discharging port 13 and a hearth slag-discharging port 14.
The primary air inlet 2, the ignition system 3, the secondary air inlet 4, the garbage ash inlet 5 and the combustor slag discharge port 13 are uniformly distributed on the slag discharge cyclone combustor 1, the flue gas outlet of the slag discharge cyclone combustor 1 is connected with the inlet of the hearth 6, the hearth 6 is provided with a secondary air nozzle 7, an exhaust gas nozzle 8 and a hearth slag discharge port 14, the outlet of the hearth 6 is connected with a tail flue, and a heating surface 9, a secondary air preheater 10, an economizer 11 and a primary air preheater 12 are sequentially arranged in the tail flue along the flow direction of flue gas; the hearth 6 adopts a heat insulation hearth; the inner wall of the deslagging cyclone burner 1 is of a heat insulation structure; the combustor slag discharge port 13 is communicated with a liquid slag collecting system; the hearth slag discharge port 14 is connected with a solid slag recovery system.
The working method of the heat-insulation combustion double-deslagging boiler for incinerating the garbage comprises the following steps:
starting an ignition system 3, introducing primary air and secondary air to slowly heat the boiler, adding mum-grade garbage carbon powder into the primary air when the temperature of the primary air reaches 400 ℃, enabling the primary air carrying the garbage carbon powder to enter a deslagging cyclone burner 1 through a primary air inlet 2, and enabling the primary air and the garbage carbon powder to be distributed along the circumferential direction of the deslagging cyclone burner 1 due to airflow rotation; the secondary air with the temperature of 450 ℃ enters the deslagging cyclone burner 1 through the secondary air inlet 4 along the circumferential direction, and air required by carbon powder combustion can be supplemented in time due to the rotation of air flow; the slagging cyclone burner 1 adopts a heat insulation inner wall, and the flame formed after the garbage carbon powder is burned near the inner wall of the slagging cyclone burner 1 is spread to the center of the slagging cyclone burner 1 to form a high-temperature environment of 1500-1600 ℃; the garbage ash particles and the ash particles in the carbon powder which are added through the garbage ash inlet 5 are melted in the high-temperature environment of the deslagging cyclone burner 1 to be in a liquid state, and then the liquid state is discharged from the burner slag discharge port 13 to an external liquid state slag collection system, gaseous products generated in the deslagging cyclone burner 1 enter the hearth 6, gaseous products and secondary air output by the all-in-one machine respectively enter the hearth 6 from the exhaust air nozzle 8 and the secondary air nozzle 7, the hearth 6 adopts a heat insulation hearth, organic gas, carbon powder and products which are not completely combusted in the deslagging cyclone burner 1 in the garbage carbonization process are subjected to heat insulation combustion in the hearth 6, and solid slag generated in the combustion process is discharged from the hearth slag discharge port 14 to an external solid slag recovery system; the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the hearth 6 is more than 850 ℃, dioxin and precursors are decomposed by utilizing the high-temperature condition of the hearth 6, the resynthesis of the tail flue gas in the temperature reduction process is avoided, a heating surface 9, a secondary air preheater 10, an economizer 11 and a primary air preheater 12 are sequentially arranged in a tail flue, the steam parameters generated by the heating surface 9 reach subcritical levels (17Mpa and 540 ℃), the primary air preheater 12 and the secondary air preheater 10 heat the air to more than 400 ℃, so that the high-temperature environment in the hearth 6 and the slagging cyclone burner 1 is ensured, and the exhaust gas temperature of the tail flue is about 130 ℃.

Claims (8)

1. A double-deslagging boiler for adiabatic combustion of waste incineration is characterized by comprising a deslagging cyclone burner (1), a hearth (6) and a tail flue;
a primary air inlet (2), an ignition system (3), a secondary air inlet (4) and a garbage ash inlet (5) are arranged on the deslagging cyclone burner (1), a flue gas outlet of the deslagging cyclone burner (1) is connected with an inlet of a hearth (6), a secondary air nozzle (7), an exhaust gas nozzle (8) and a hearth deslagging port (14) are arranged on the hearth (6), and an outlet of the hearth (6) is connected with a tail flue;
the bottom of the deslagging cyclone burner (1) is provided with a burner deslagging port (13), and the bottom of the hearth (6) is provided with a hearth deslagging port (14).
2. The adiabatic combustion double-slagging boiler for incinerating refuse according to claim 1, wherein a heating surface (9), a secondary air preheater (10), an economizer (11) and a primary air preheater (12) are arranged in the tail flue in the flow direction of flue gas in sequence.
3. An adiabatic combustion double slagging boiler for incinerating refuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace (6) is an adiabatic furnace.
4. The adiabatic combustion double slagging boiler for incinerating refuse according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the slagging cyclone burner (1) is of an adiabatic structure.
5. The adiabatic combustion double slagging boiler for incinerating refuse according to claim 1, wherein the burner slagging port (13) is in communication with a liquid slag collection system.
6. The adiabatic combustion double slagging boiler for incinerating refuse according to claim 1, wherein the furnace slag discharge port (14) is connected with a solid slag recovery system.
7. An operating method of an adiabatic combustion double slag discharge boiler for incinerating refuse, which is based on the adiabatic combustion double slag discharge boiler for incinerating refuse of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
starting an ignition system (3), introducing primary air and secondary air to heat the boiler, adding micron-grade garbage carbon powder into the primary air, and enabling the primary air carrying the garbage carbon powder to enter a deslagging cyclone burner (1) through a primary air inlet (2), wherein the primary air and the garbage carbon powder are distributed along the circumferential direction of the deslagging cyclone burner (1) due to airflow rotation; secondary air enters the deslagging cyclone burner (1) from the secondary air inlet (4) in the circumferential direction, and air required by carbon powder combustion can be supplemented in time due to airflow rotation; the garbage carbon powder is burnt near the inner wall of the deslagging cyclone burner (1) to form flame which is spread towards the center of the deslagging cyclone burner (1) to form a high-temperature environment of 1500-1600 ℃; the garbage ash particles added through the garbage ash inlet (5) and the ash particles in the carbon powder are melted in the high-temperature environment of the deslagging cyclone burner (1) to present a liquid state, then the liquid state is discharged from a burner slag discharge port (13), gaseous products generated in the deslagging cyclone burner (1) enter a hearth (6), the gaseous products and secondary air output by the all-in-one machine respectively enter the hearth (6) through a ventilation air vent (8) and a secondary air vent (7), organic gas, the carbon powder and incompletely combusted products in the deslagging cyclone burner (1) in the garbage carbonization process are subjected to adiabatic combustion in the hearth (6), and solid slag generated in the combustion process is discharged through a hearth slag discharge port (14); the temperature of the outlet flue gas of the hearth (6) is more than 850 ℃, dioxin and precursor are decomposed by utilizing the high-temperature condition of the hearth (6), and the tail flue gas is prevented from being resynthesized in the temperature reduction process.
8. The working method of the adiabatic combustion double-deslagging boiler for incinerating the refuse according to claim 7, wherein a heating surface (9), a secondary air preheater (10), an economizer (11) and a primary air preheater (12) are sequentially arranged in a tail flue, parameters of steam generated by the heating surface (9) reach a subcritical level, and the primary air preheater (12) and the secondary air preheater (10) heat air to above 400 ℃ so as to ensure a high-temperature environment in a hearth (6) and a deslagging cyclone burner (1).
CN202210760749.0A 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Adiabatic combustion double-slag-discharge boiler for incinerating garbage and working method thereof Pending CN115143476A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210760749.0A CN115143476A (en) 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Adiabatic combustion double-slag-discharge boiler for incinerating garbage and working method thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210760749.0A CN115143476A (en) 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Adiabatic combustion double-slag-discharge boiler for incinerating garbage and working method thereof

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115823578A (en) * 2022-11-24 2023-03-21 四川川锅锅炉有限责任公司 Two-stage cyclone liquid slag-condensing boiler for burning high-alkali coal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115823578A (en) * 2022-11-24 2023-03-21 四川川锅锅炉有限责任公司 Two-stage cyclone liquid slag-condensing boiler for burning high-alkali coal
CN115823578B (en) * 2022-11-24 2023-11-17 四川川锅锅炉有限责任公司 Two-stage cyclone liquid slag condensing boiler for burning high-alkali coal

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