CN115141238B - 苯乙醇苷类化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
苯乙醇苷类化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115141238B CN115141238B CN202210700968.XA CN202210700968A CN115141238B CN 115141238 B CN115141238 B CN 115141238B CN 202210700968 A CN202210700968 A CN 202210700968A CN 115141238 B CN115141238 B CN 115141238B
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- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
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Abstract
本发明从连翘中分离得到1个新苯乙醇苷类化合物,且发现该化合物具备良好的抗肿瘤活性,为连翘的药效物质基础研究提供理论依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯乙醇苷类化合物及其制备方法和用途领域。
背景技术
连翘Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl为双子叶植物纲、捩花目、木犀科(Oleaceae)、连翘属植物,味苦,气微香,性微寒。主要用于清热解毒,消肿散结,主治痈疽瘰疬,乳痈丹毒等症,古人称其为“疮家圣药”。现代药理学研究表明,连翘具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒和抗氧化等多种药理活性。化学成分研究表明,连翘中含有苯乙醇苷类、木脂素类、酚酸类、挥发油类和黄酮类成分等。连翘应用广泛,药效突出,市场需求量剧增,在临床上多用于风热感冒,皮肤炎,化疗术后恢复等疾病,但连翘的研究对象主要局限于其提取物,无法全面反映连翘属植物中各类化学成分的活性特点,导致活性成分不够明确,药效物质难以阐明。
在连翘中,苯乙醇苷类化合物被普遍认为是连翘的主要标志性活性成分,为进一步阐明中药连翘的药效物质基础,深入挖掘连翘中药药理活性成分,本研究对连翘中苯乙醇苷类化学成分的物质基础进行研究。
发明内容
本发明实际提供了一种从连翘中分离纯化的新化合物。
具体的,本发明提供了式1所示化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐:
本发明中还提供了式1化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗肿瘤的产品中用途。
本发明所述肿瘤,包括恶性肿瘤,例如可以选自乳腺癌、黑色素瘤、胃癌中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了一种抗肿瘤药物,其活性成分包括式1所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明药物中还包括药学上可接受的辅料,“药学上可接受的辅料”是药物中除主药以外的一切附加材料的总称,辅料应当具备如下性质:(1)对人体无毒害作用,几无副作用;(2)化学性质稳定,不易受温度、pH、保存时间等的影响;(3)与主药无配伍禁忌,不影响主药的疗效和质量检查;(4)不与包装材料相互发生作用。
本发明中辅料包括但不仅限于填充剂(稀释剂)、润滑剂(助流剂或抗粘着剂)、分散剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、调节剂、增溶剂、抗氧剂、抑菌剂、乳化剂、崩解剂等。粘合剂包含糖浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、山梨醇、黄芪胶、纤维素及其衍生物(如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素或羟丙甲基纤维素等)、明胶浆、糖浆、淀粉浆或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;填充剂包含乳糖、糖粉、糊精、淀粉及其衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、无机钙盐(如硫酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、沉降碳酸钙等)、山梨醇或甘氨酸等;润滑剂包含微粉硅胶、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、硼酸、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇等;崩解剂包含淀粉及其衍生物(如羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、玉米淀粉等)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或微晶纤维素等;湿润剂包含十二烷基硫酸钠、水或醇等;抗氧剂包含亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、二丁基苯酸等;抑菌剂包含0.5%苯酚、0.3%甲酚、0.5%三氯叔丁醇等;调节剂包含盐酸、枸橼酸、氢氧化钾(钠)、枸橼酸钠及缓冲剂(包括磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠)等;乳化剂包含聚山梨酯-80、没酸山梨坦、普流罗尼克F-68,卵磷酯、豆磷脂等;增溶剂包含吐温-80、胆汁、甘油等。
本发明化合物或药物组合物的施用方式没有特别限制,代表性的施用方式包括(但并不限于):口服、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)、和局部给药。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如石蜡;(f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;和(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性化合物或化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性化合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性化合物外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例如,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性化合物外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液,和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
用于局部给药的本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、散剂、贴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理上可接受的载体及任何防腐剂、缓冲剂,或必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明化合物同样可以用于注射制剂。其中,所述注射剂选自液体注射剂(水针)、注射用无菌粉末(粉针)或注射用片剂(系指药物用无菌操作法制成的模印片或机压片,临用时用注射用水溶解,供皮下或肌肉注射之用)。
其中,所述注射用粉剂的中除含有上述化合物外,还至少含有赋形剂。本发明中所述赋形剂,为有意加到药物中的成分,其在所用的量上不应具有药理学特性,但是,赋形剂可以有助于药物的加工、溶解或溶出、通过靶向给药途径递药或有助于稳定性。
本发明所述赋形剂可以选自碳水化合物、无机盐、聚合物中的一种或两种以上的组合。其中碳水化合物包括单糖、寡糖或多糖类等。
本发明中所述药学上可接受的盐,包括但不限于式1化合物的正盐、酸式盐、碱式盐、复盐或络盐。
本发明还提供了式1化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)连翘果实乙醇提取物,依次用水-氯仿、水-乙酸乙酯萃取;
(2)乙酸乙酯萃取部位上HP20色谱柱,依次采用浓度为10%、30%%v/v的甲醇水进行洗脱;
(3)取30%甲醇水洗脱部位上硅胶色谱柱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:1、40:1、20:1、10:1、8:1洗脱;
(4)取二氯甲烷:甲醇=8:1洗脱部位上聚酰胺色谱柱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1、25:1、15:1洗脱;
(1)取二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1洗脱部位上硅胶柱色谱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇:水=15:1:0.05、8:2:0.2、7:3:0.5洗脱,每个梯度收集6个柱体积,每3个柱体积合并为一个流份,共得到6个流份;取第5个流份上制备色谱,采用C18色谱柱,以流动相为24%甲醇水洗脱,分离得到式1化合物。
本发明中,所述乙醇提取物选自连翘果实的70~80%v/v乙醇提取物,例如可以是70%、75%、80%v/v等等。
本发明条件下,制备色谱中,式1化合物的保留时间约为28min。
本发明还提供了一种连翘提取物在制备抗肿瘤产品中的用途,所述连翘提取物由如下方法制备得到:
(1)连翘果实乙醇提取物,依次用水-氯仿、水-乙酸乙酯萃取;
(2)乙酸乙酯萃取部位上HP20色谱柱,依次采用浓度为10%、30%%v/v的甲醇水进行洗脱;
(3)取30%甲醇水洗脱部位上硅胶色谱柱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:1、40:1、20:1、10:1、8:1洗脱;
(4)取二氯甲烷:甲醇=8:1洗脱部位上聚酰胺色谱柱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1、25:1、15:1洗脱;
(5)取二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1洗脱部位上硅胶柱色谱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇:水=15:1:0.05、8:2:0.2、7:3:0.5洗脱,每个梯度收集6个柱体积,每3个柱体积合并为一个流份,共得到6个流份;取第5个流份上制备色谱,采用C18色谱柱,以流动相为24%甲醇水洗脱,分离得到式1化合物。
根据本发明内容可知,采用上述方法得到的第5个流份中,包括了式1化合物。本发明实验发现,上述两种化合物具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。而在第5个流份中,上述两种化合物具备较高的含量,因此,第5个流份也具备类似于式1化合物的相关活性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1仪器和材料
P850型旋光仪(中国海能公司);Shimadzu UV-1780紫外可见分光光度计(日本Shimadzu公司);Bruker AV 600NMR型核磁共振波谱仪(德国Bruker公司);Agilent 6545型高分辨率质谱仪(美国Agilent公司);Waters 515-2996高效液相色谱仪(美国Waters公司);YMC-Pack ODS-A反相半制备色谱柱(250×10mm,5μm)。柱色谱硅胶(100-200目,200-300目,青岛海洋化工厂);GF254(青岛海洋化工厂);ODS柱色谱填料(60~80μm,德国Merck);HP-20吸附树脂(日本三菱公司)。
D-葡萄糖和L-葡萄糖标准品(纯度是>99%,日本和光株式会社),D-鼠李糖和L-鼠李糖标准品(纯度是>99%,日本和光株式会社);浓盐酸(分析纯,天津市天力化学试剂有限公司)、吡啶(99.8%,P111513,Aladdin)、氯仿(分析纯,天津市天力化学试剂有限公司)、邻甲苯异硫氰酸酯(98%,M831176,Macklin)、蒸馏水(杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司)和甲醇(色谱纯,山东禹王化学试剂有限公司)。
人恶性黑色素瘤细胞A-375(武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司),人胃癌细胞SGC-7901、小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10和人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7(中国科学院上海细胞库)。C0009SMTT试剂盒、C0201胰酶细胞消化液(0.25%胰酶)、C0221A PBS和C0222青霉素-链霉素溶液(100X)(上海beyotime碧云天生物有限公司),SH30071.03胎牛血清和SH30022.01DMEM高糖培养液(美国Hyclone公司)。
连翘药材采购于哈尔滨三棵树药材市场,经沈阳药科大学中药学院吕重宁副教授鉴定为木犀科连翘属植物连翘(Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl)的干燥果实。凭证样本(FS-201909)存于西南民族大学双流航空港校区敬文园B栋中药材标本室。
2提取与分离
75%乙醇水溶液超声提取连翘果实(11.8kg),减压浓缩后,用水复溶,依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇试剂按照1:1的比例进行萃取,得到氯仿层(650.9g)、乙酸乙酯层(213.2g)和正丁醇层(700.3g)。对乙酸乙酯萃取层采用HP20色谱柱进行分离,流动相为体积分数10%、30%、50%、70%、90%甲醇水以及纯甲醇梯度洗脱,得到/6个流份(E-1~E-6)。E-2(30%)首先经硅胶柱色谱进行初步的分离,开放柱流动相依次为二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:1、40:1、20:1、10:1、8:1、4:1梯度洗脱,得到6个流份(E-2-1~E-2-6)。
E-2-5(8:1)经聚酰胺柱色谱分离,流动相为二氯甲烷:甲醇(30:1、25:1、15:1、10:1、5:1)梯度洗脱,得到5个流份(E-2-5-1~E-2-5-5)。E-2-5-3(15:1)经硅胶柱色谱分离,流动相依次采用二氯甲烷:甲醇:水=15:1:0.05、8:2:0.2、7:3:0.5三个梯度进行洗脱,其中,每个梯度收集6个柱体积,每3个柱体积合并为一个流份,共得到6个流份(E-2-5-3-1~E-2-5-3-6)。对E-2-5-3-5(依次收集得到的第5个流份)采用pHPLC进行等度洗脱,流动相为24%甲醇水,得到化合物1(tR=28min,15.6mg)。
3结构鉴定
化合物1:白色不定型粉末(氯仿-甲醇),-11.4(c 0.8,MeOH),UV(MeOH)λmax(logε)280,314nm。ESI-MS m/z 631.1993[M+Na]+(Calcd.631.2003,C29H36O14Na),提示分子式为C29H36O14,不饱和度为12。
1H-NMR(CD3OD-d4,600MHz)谱(Table 1)中δH 6.68(1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H-2),6.67(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-5),6.56(1H,dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,H-6)提示为一组芳香环质子的ABX偶合共振信号。δH 7.47(2H,d,AJ=8.5Hz,H-2″′,6″′)和6.81(2H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-3″′,5″′)提示为一组芳香环质子的AA′BB′偶合共振信号;δH 7.66(1H,d,J=15.9Hz,H-7″′)和6.39(1H,d,J=15.9Hz,H-8″′)提示为一组反式烯键质子信号;δH 4.75(1H,brs,H-1″),4.41(1H,d,J=7.8Hz,H-1′)提示为两个糖的端基质子信号;δH 1.26(3H,d,J=6.2Hz,H-6″)提示为鼠李糖的甲基质子信号。13C-NMR(CD3OD-d4,150MHz)谱结合135°DEPT谱提示为29个碳信号,为6个季碳信号,17个叔碳信号,2个仲碳信号,1个伯碳信号。δC 146-114有14个碳信号,提示有两个苯环;一个α,β-不饱和羰基碳信号δC 167.6(C-9″′),一对烯碳信号δC 145.2(C-7″′)和114.1(C-8″′)提示含有对羟基桂皮酰基片段存在。根据一个连氧仲碳信号δC 71.0(C-8)和一个仲碳信号δC 35.3(C-7)提示有一组苯乙醇基信号,δC 103.0(C-1′)和100.8(C-1″)分别为葡萄糖和鼠李糖端基的碳信号,δC 16.7(C-6″)为鼠李糖的甲基碳信号。
1H-1H COSY谱(figure 2)中δH 4.04-3.92(1H,m,H-8a)和3.79-3.66(1H,m,H-8b)信号相关,二者又均与δH 2.82-2.76(2H,m,H-7)信号相关,说明分子结构中有-O-CH2-CH2-O-片段,结合HMBC谱中,δH 4.04-3.92(H-8a),3.79-3.66(H-8b)与δC 130.0(C-1),6.68(H-2),35.3(C-7)的相关,可以确定有一组3,4-二羟基苯乙醇基团。1H-1H COSY谱中δH 7.66(1H,d,J=15.9Hz,H-7″′)和6.39(1H,d,J=15.9Hz,H-8″′)信号相关,确定分子结构有双键结构,结合HMBC谱中,δH 7.47(2″′,6″′)和δC 145.2(C-7″′),7.66(H-7″′),167.6(C-9″′)的相关,可以确定为对羟基桂皮酰基团。
HMBC谱中δH 4.41(H-1′)与δC 71.0(C-8)有相关提示3,4-二羟基苯乙醇基连接在葡萄糖的1′位;δH 5.04(H-3′)与δC 167.6(C-9″′)有相关提示对羟基桂皮酰基连接在葡萄糖的3′位;δH4.75(H-1″)与δC 66.4(C-6′)有相关提示鼠李糖连接在葡萄糖的6′位。
1H-NMR谱中,根据葡萄糖中端基氢δH 4.41(1H,d,J=7.8Hz,H-1′)确定相对构型为β-构型,13C-NMR谱中,根据鼠李糖中δC 71.0(C-3″)和68.5(C-5″)确定相对构型为α-构型。对化合物1的进行酸水解反应,通过与标准品D-Glu(15.4min)和L-Rha(21.5min)的保留时间比较,确定化合物中葡萄糖的绝对构型为D构型,鼠李糖为L构型。结合苷化位移,通过对比化合物1的1D NMR谱与Forsythenside K的1D NMR谱可知:化合物1的13C-NMR谱中C-2′向高场位移了1.7ppm,而C-3′,C-4′和C-5′分别向低场位移了3.0,4.0和1.9ppm。在1H-NMR谱中,化合物1的H-3′向低场位移了1.38ppm,而H-4′向高场位移了1.56ppm。综上所述,确定化合物1结构为3,4-Dihydroxy-β-phenethyl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-3′-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside。为未有文献报道的新化合物,命名为forsythenside M。
表1化合物1的1H-NMR和13C-NMR数据
4化合物体外抗肿瘤活性评价
生长状态良好的细胞(细胞肿瘤参见表2),加胰酶细胞消化液使贴壁细胞消化脱落,形成细胞混悬液,对细胞进行记数,并将细胞稀释到1×104个/mL。在96孔板上,每孔接种190μL细胞悬液,放置在37℃、5%CO2的恒温箱中培养,培养12h使细胞贴壁。更换新鲜培养液,加入待测化合物,40μM/孔,在恒温箱中培养48h。吸去100μL上清液,加入100μL新鲜DMEM高糖培养液,再加入配置好的10μL MTT溶液(5mg/mL,0.5%MTT),继续在恒温箱中培养4h。吸去100μL上清液,每孔加入100μL的formazan溶解液,置摇床上低速振荡10min,在恒温箱中放置4h左右。在酶联免疫检测仪570nm处测量各个孔的吸光值。每组设定4个复孔,同时设置空白组,对照组和阳性对照组(阳性对照药为5-氟尿嘧啶),各化合物浓度均为40μmol·L-1。
抑制率=[(对照组-空白组)-(给药组-空白组)]/(对照组-空白组)×100%
其中,化合物2为连翘酯苷I(forsythoside I),化合物3为连翘酯苷A(forsythoside A)。
与空白组对照**p<0.01表示具有显著性差异
上述实验表明,本发明分离得到的化合物1具备良好的抗肿瘤活性,且明显优于连翘酯苷I、连翘酯苷A。
5糖取代基绝对构型的确定
以化合物1为例:化合物1(1mg)用2M HCl在90℃下水解2h,将混合物在真空下蒸发干燥,残渣用水溶解,用氯仿提取三次,收集水层。在真空中干燥后,将残留物溶解在含有L-半胱氨酸甲酯(1mg)的吡啶(1mL)中。在60℃下加热1小时,再加入邻甲苯异硫氰酸酯(5μL)在60℃下加热1小时,减压干燥。将残留物用甲醇水溶解至0.5mL左右,过0.45μm有机滤膜,待用。通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)进行分析。色谱柱为YMC-Pack ODS-A色谱柱(日本YMC公司,250×4.6mm i.d.,5μm),柱温25℃,36%甲醇水溶液等度洗脱,流速为0.6mL/min的流速洗脱,于250nm处检测峰。标准单糖衍生物的峰出现在tR=13.6min(L-Glu)、15.4min(D-Glu)和21.5min(L-Rha)。通过与标准品的保留时间比较,确定化合物中葡萄糖的绝对构型。
6讨论
本研究利用多种色谱分离手段对中药连翘进行了化学成分研究,从连翘75%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出化合物1(forsythenside M)为新化合物。活性测定结果表明,在40μmol·L-1浓度下,化合物1、2、3对MCF-7,A-375,SGC-7901和B16F10细胞系具有一定的细胞毒活性,其中化合物1活性显著。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的式1所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗肿瘤的产品中用途;所述肿瘤选自乳腺癌、黑色素瘤、胃癌中的一种或多种。
3.一种抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于:其活性成分包括根据权利要求1所述的式1所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的式1所示化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)连翘果实乙醇提取物,依次用水-氯仿、水-乙酸乙酯萃取;
(2)乙酸乙酯萃取部位上HP20色谱柱,依次采用浓度为10%、30%v/v的甲醇水进行洗脱;
(3)取30%甲醇水洗脱部位上硅胶色谱柱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:1、40:1、20:1、10:1、8:1洗脱;
(4)取二氯甲烷:甲醇=8:1洗脱部位上聚酰胺色谱柱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1、25:1、15:1洗脱;
(5)取二氯甲烷:甲醇=15:1洗脱部位上硅胶柱色谱,依次用二氯甲烷:甲醇:水=15:1:0.05、8:2:0.2、7:3:0.5洗脱,每个梯度收集6个柱体积,每3个柱体积合并为一个流份,共得到6个流份;取第5个流份上制备色谱,采用C18色谱柱,以流动相为24%甲醇水洗脱,分离得到式1化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述乙醇提取物为70~80%v/v乙醇提取物。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:制备色谱中,式1所示化合物的保留时间约为28min。
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