CN115138437B

CN115138437B - Construction waste breaker

Info

Publication number: CN115138437B
Application number: CN202110347734.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董爱娇; 张万军; 张严泼; 翟仁文; 刘昌永; 赵银焕
Original assignee: Beijing Ca Long Engineering Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Ca Long Engineering Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-31
Filing date: 2021-03-31
Publication date: 2023-08-29
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-31
Also published as: CN115138437A

Abstract

The application relates to a construction waste crushing device, which belongs to the field of construction waste treatment and comprises a frame, wherein a crushing cavity is formed in the frame, a horizontally arranged toothed roller is rotationally connected to the crushing cavity, crushing teeth are arranged on the toothed roller, the toothed roller rotates around a central axis of the toothed roller, a toothed plate corresponding to the crushing teeth is further arranged in the crushing cavity, the distance between the toothed roller and the toothed plate is adjustable, a floating cavity is hinged to the frame, a toothed plate frame is rotationally connected to the floating cavity, the toothed plate is arranged on the toothed plate frame, and the floating cavity and the toothed plate frame are driven to rotate through an oil cylinder. According to the application, the crushing teeth on the toothed roller are matched with the toothed plate to crush the materials, the granularity of crushing the materials can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the toothed plate and the crushing teeth, and the function of conveniently adjusting the size of the crushing granularity according to the needs is realized.

Description

Construction waste breaker

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of construction waste treatment, in particular to a construction waste crushing device.

Background

The urban development is established on the basis of the progress of human civilization, engineering buildings are the largest carrier of urban development in the process of creating civilization by human beings, and the urban construction continuously consumes geographic resources and simultaneously generates a large amount of building and decoration garbage.

At present, most of the building rubbish is directly buried or placed in the open air without treatment, a large amount of cultivated land is occupied, resource waste is caused, and dust is generated in the transportation and stacking processes, so that environmental pollution is caused.

The construction and decoration garbage has complex components, and adopts a specific process scheme to classify and treat the construction garbage, recycle plastics, wood, iron objects and the like, and crush, screen and clean the rest concrete and brick blocks by using a common crusher to prepare construction aggregate and sand.

In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors have found that different construction waste materials need to be crushed into reclaimed materials of different particle diameters, but it is difficult for a general crusher to adjust the size of the crushed particle size as needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to be convenient for adjusting the size of the crushing granularity according to the requirement, the application provides a construction waste crushing device.

The application provides a construction waste crushing device which adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a construction waste breaker, includes the frame, the frame is equipped with crushing chamber, crushing intracavity rotation is connected with the fluted roller that the level set up, be equipped with crushing tooth on the fluted roller, the fluted roller rotates around self axis, still be equipped with in the crushing chamber with the pinion rack that crushing tooth corresponds, the fluted roller with distance between the pinion rack is adjustable.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the use, the material gets into broken intracavity, rotates the broken tooth on the fluted roller and the toothed plate cooperatees and realize the breakage of material through the fluted roller, through adjusting the distance between toothed plate and the broken tooth, can adjust the broken granularity of material, realize being convenient for as required to adjust the function of broken granularity size, simultaneously if under the very big circumstances of material, under the circumstances of breakage difficulty, through the position control with the toothed plate, make the material drop between fluted roller and the toothed plate, reduce the possibility that the material was blocked, ensure the smoothness nature of machine operation.

Optionally, the crushing tooth with the fluted roller can dismantle the connection, can dismantle on the pinion rack and be connected with passive tooth.

By adopting the technical scheme, the crushing teeth on the toothed roller and the driven teeth on the toothed plate can be detached and replaced, the specifications of the crushing teeth and the driven teeth can influence the size of crushing granularity, and the crushing teeth and the driven tooth root can be replaced with different specifications according to the requirement, so that the crushing granularity can be conveniently adjusted; meanwhile, the abrasion of the crushing teeth and the driven teeth is more severe in the crushing process, so that the crushing teeth and the driven teeth can be replaced and are more convenient to replace and maintain.

Optionally, a floating cavity is arranged on the frame, a toothed plate frame is hinged on the floating cavity, the toothed plate frame rotates in a vertical plane, and the toothed plate is arranged on the toothed plate frame.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the use, rotate the pinion rack and get suitable position, can adjust the position of pinion rack to adjust broken granularity.

Optionally, the floating cavity is rotatably connected with the frame, and the floating cavity rotates in a vertical plane.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can at first rotate the cavity that floats to suitable position, then rotate the pinion rack, the scope and the precision of regulation are improved in both cooperations, the broken granularity of being convenient for is adjusted. And after the cavity is rotated, the crushing teeth, the driven teeth and other structures in the crushing cavity are convenient to overhaul, and the operation is convenient.

Optionally, the gear rack is provided with a position control oil cylinder, a piston rod of the position control oil cylinder is hinged with the gear rack, a cylinder seat of the position control oil cylinder is hinged with the floating cavity, and a pressure sensor is arranged on the position control oil cylinder.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the use, start position accuse hydro-cylinder can drive the pinion rack and rotate around the cavity that floats, simple operation, and the location is accurate, can improve the accuracy nature of control. Simultaneously, the toothed plate is pressed by the pressure sensor, if the crushing difficulty of the materials is blocked, the toothed plate and the toothed roller can be driven by the position control oil cylinder to loosen, so that the materials fall down, and the running fluency of the machine is improved.

Optionally, a position on the frame, which is close to the floating cavity, is provided with an opening and closing cylinder for driving the floating cavity to rotate, a piston rod of the opening and closing cylinder is hinged with the floating cavity, and a cylinder seat of the opening and closing cylinder is hinged with the frame.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, during the use, start the hydro-cylinder that opens and shuts can drive the cavity that floats and rotate, drive the simple operation through the hydro-cylinder that opens and shuts, can realize inside opening and shutting, be convenient for overhaul broken tooth and passive tooth etc. inside.

Optionally, be equipped with controlling means in the frame, controlling means includes position sensor, first controller, position accuse solenoid valve, position sensor is located in the piston rod of position accuse hydro-cylinder, position sensor is connected with the input electricity of first controller, the output of first controller is connected with position accuse solenoid valve and the solenoid valve that opens and shuts respectively, position accuse solenoid valve passes through the oil circuit and is connected with the position accuse hydro-cylinder, the solenoid valve that opens and shuts passes through the oil circuit and is connected with the hydro-cylinder that opens and shuts.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, position sensor in the position control hydro-cylinder can detect the position of position control hydro-cylinder piston rod tip to detect the pinion rack position, control position control hydro-cylinder and the switching hydro-cylinder through position control solenoid valve and switching solenoid valve and can drive floating cavity and pinion rack and rotate, until position sensor detects that the pinion rack is located suitable position, thereby can improve the accuracy of pinion rack position.

Optionally, one end of the floating cavity far away from the frame is provided with a positioning device, the positioning device comprises a positioning block which is connected in the floating cavity in a sliding way, the positioning block slides along the length direction of the floating cavity, and when the floating cavity rotates to a vertical state, the positioning block slides upwards to be in abutting positioning with the frame.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after the cavity that floats rotates to vertical state, upwards slide the locating piece, make the locating piece stretch out the cavity that floats and contradict with the frame to realize the location to the cavity that floats, reduce the cavity that floats and shift the possibility when the pinion rack rotates.

Optionally, the one end swing joint that the pinion rack kept away from the cavity that floats has the broach board, the broach board with be connected with elastic component jointly between the pinion rack, the broach board is located the fluted roller with below between the pinion rack.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, on toothed plate and the broken material of toothed roll fell to the fishback, if the material is less, can directly follow the gap whereabouts of fishback, if the broken degree of material is not enough, the material is too big and can return through the fishback and carry out crushing once more to reach crushing requirement. The elastic component's setting can make the fishback have certain activity space, can make a few bigger materials drop at the fishback activity in-process, reduces the possibility of being blocked, improves moving efficiency.

Optionally, the frame is close to the position of fluted roller one end is equipped with and is used for the drive fluted roller pivoted motor, the motor with be equipped with the speed reducer between the fluted roller, the motor with link to each other through belt or shaft coupling between the speed reducer.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, reduce the speed to the motor through the speed reducer, can adjust the rotational speed of fluted roller to suitable speed.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an active driving device in embodiment 1 of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the closed state of the floating chamber in embodiment 1 of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the floating chamber in the opened state in embodiment 1 of the present application.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a position control system.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a pressure control system.

Fig. 8 is a partial structural view of the tooth roller and the crushing tooth in example 2.

Fig. 9 is a partial configuration diagram of the connection of the motor and the speed reducer in embodiment 3.

Fig. 10 is a partial structural view of the passive teeth and toothed plate in example 4.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the protruding floating cavities in example 5.

Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a frame; 11. a feed hopper; 12. a flat belt; 13. positioning the oblique block; 2. an active crushing unit; 21. a tooth roller; 22. crushing teeth; 23. a first bolt; 24. a nut; 3. a toothed plate; 31. a passive tooth; 32. a second bolt; 4. an adjusting device; 41. a rack of teeth plates; 411. a comb plate; 412. a spring; 413. a spherical block; 42. a position control oil cylinder; 43. a floating cavity; 44. an opening and closing cylinder; 45. positioning an oil cylinder; 46. a positioning block; 5. an active driving device; 51. a motor; 52. a speed reducer; 53. a belt; 54. a coupling; 6. a collecting device; 7. a position sensor; 71. a first controller; 72. a position control electromagnetic valve; 73. opening and closing the electromagnetic valve; 74. positioning an electromagnetic valve; 8. a pressure sensor; 81. a second controller; 82. an alarm.

Detailed Description

The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-11.

The embodiment of the application discloses a construction waste crushing device.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the construction waste crushing device comprises a frame 1, wherein the frame 1 is composed of a stable steel structure and each maintenance observation door, and is a carrier for bearing each functional component. The device has attractive and elegant structure, stable and reliable performance and simple and quick operation.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a feeding hopper 11, a crushing cavity and a flat belt 12 are arranged on a frame 1 from top to bottom, and the feeding hopper 11 is communicated with the crushing cavity. The flat belt 12 extends outwards horizontally from below the crushing cavity, and one end of the flat belt 12 away from the crushing cavity is connected with the aggregate device 6. When the crushing device is used, materials enter the crushing cavity through the feeding hopper 11, are crushed in the crushing cavity, fall onto the flat belt 12 after being crushed, and are conveyed to the next working procedure through the flat belt 12.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an active crushing unit 2 and a passive crushing unit are arranged in the crushing cavity, and an active driving device 5 for providing power for the active crushing unit 2 is arranged on the frame 1. The position between the active crushing unit 2 and the passive crushing unit is adjustable, and an adjusting device 4 for adjusting the position of the passive crushing unit is arranged on the frame 1. The material that gets into crushing chamber is broken through initiative crushing unit 2 and passive crushing unit, and initiative drive arrangement 5 can provide crushing power for initiative crushing unit 2, adjusts the position of passive crushing unit through adjusting device 4 to adjust the distance between initiative crushing unit 2 and the passive crushing unit, can be convenient for adjust crushing granularity. Meanwhile, if the crushed materials are too large to cause overlarge crushing stress and are difficult to crush, when the machine is clamped, the clamped materials can fall off by adjusting the distance between the active crushing unit 2 and the passive crushing unit, so that the running smoothness of the machine is ensured, and the possibility that the machine is clamped is reduced.

Referring to fig. 3, the active crushing unit 2 includes a horizontally disposed toothed roller 21 rotatably coupled to the frame 1, and the toothed roller 21 horizontally rotates about its central axis. The toothed roller 21 is detachably connected with crushing teeth 22.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a sliding hole is formed in the crushing tooth 22, a first bolt 23 is slidably connected in the sliding hole, a connecting block for connecting the crushing tooth 22 is fixedly connected to the tooth roller 21, a connecting hole is formed in the connecting block, the first bolt 23 is slidably connected with the connecting hole, and a nut 24 is threadedly connected to the first bolt 23. During the use, dismantle crushing tooth 22 from the fluted roller 21 through unscrewing nut 24, install the crushing tooth 22 of different specifications on the fluted roller 21 as required, fasten it on the fluted roller 21 through the cooperation of nut 24 and first bolt 23, convenient to detach is convenient for adjust the size of broken granularity.

Referring to fig. 1, the active driving device 5 includes a motor 51 fixedly arranged at one end of the frame 1 near the tooth roller 21 for driving the tooth roller 21 to rotate, and a speed reducer 52 is arranged between the motor 51 and the tooth roller 21. The motor 51 is connected with the speed reducer 52 through a belt 53. The starting motor 51 provides power to drive the toothed roller 21 to rotate at a proper rotation speed, and the toothed plate 3 is matched to realize crushing.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the passive crushing unit includes a toothed plate 3 corresponding to the crushing teeth 22, and passive teeth 31 are detachably connected to the toothed plate 3 through second bolts 32, the passive teeth 31 being disposed toward the crushing teeth 22. The crushing teeth 22 are capable of crushing the material as they rotate with the toothed roller 21 by the toothed plate 3 being opposed to the crushing teeth 22.

Referring to fig. 3, the adjusting device 4 includes a floating chamber 43 rotatably connected to the frame 1, one end of the floating chamber 43 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the frame 1, and the floating chamber 43 rotates in a vertical plane. The rotation of the floating chamber 43 can increase the amplitude and convenience of the adjustment of the position of the toothed plate 3.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, an opening and closing cylinder 44 for driving the floating cavity 43 to rotate is arranged on the frame 1 at a position close to the floating cavity 43, a piston rod of the opening and closing cylinder 44 is hinged with the floating cavity 43, a cylinder seat of the opening and closing cylinder 44 is hinged with the frame 1, and the opening and closing cylinder 44 rotates in a vertical plane. The floating cavity 43 can be driven to rotate through the opening and closing oil cylinder 44, and opening and closing are realized, so that the maintenance is convenient.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a positioning device is provided at one end of the floating cavity 43 away from the frame 1, and the positioning device includes a positioning block 46 slidably connected to the inside of the floating cavity 43, where the positioning block 46 slides along the length direction of the floating cavity 43. The floating cavity 43 is fixedly connected with a positioning oil cylinder 45, a piston rod of the positioning oil cylinder 45 is fixedly connected with a positioning block 46, the piston rod of the positioning oil cylinder 45 is arranged along the length direction of the floating cavity 43, and when the floating cavity 43 rotates to a vertical state, the positioning block 46 slides upwards to be positioned with the frame 1. When the floating cavity 43 rotates to a vertical state, the positioning oil cylinder 45 drives the positioning block 46 to slide upwards, so that the positioning oil cylinder can be in abutting joint with one side of the positioning oblique block 13 on the frame 1, and the floating cavity 43 is positioned.

Referring to fig. 3, the adjusting device 4 further includes a rack 41 rotatably connected to the floating chamber 43, the rack 41 rotates in a vertical plane, and the rack 3 is fixedly disposed on the rack 41. The distance between the toothed plate 3 and the toothed roller 21 can be adjusted between them by rotation of the toothed plate frame 41, so that the effect of adjusting the crushing grain size can be achieved.

Referring to fig. 3, a gear rack 41 is fixedly connected with a position control oil cylinder 42, the position control oil cylinder 42 is perpendicular to the gear rack 41, a piston rod of the position control oil cylinder 42 is hinged with the gear rack 41, a cylinder seat of the position control oil cylinder 42 is hinged with a floating cavity 43, and the position control oil cylinder 42 rotates in a vertical plane. Through start position accuse hydro-cylinder 42, can drive pinion rack 41 and rotate along floating cavity 43, be convenient for rotate, be convenient for adjust the distance between pinion rack 3 and the fluted roller 21 to can be convenient for adjust the broken granularity to the material.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, a position control system is provided on the frame 1, the position control system includes a position sensor 7, a first controller 71, and a position control electromagnetic valve 72, the position sensor 7 is located in a piston rod of the position control oil cylinder 42, the position sensor 7 is electrically connected with an input end of the first controller 71, an output end of the first controller 71 is electrically connected with the position control electromagnetic valve 72, a positioning electromagnetic valve 74, and an opening and closing electromagnetic valve 73, the position control electromagnetic valve 72 is connected with the position control oil cylinder 42 through an oil path, the positioning electromagnetic valve 74 is connected with the positioning oil cylinder 45 through an oil path, and the opening and closing electromagnetic valve 73 is connected with the opening and closing oil cylinder 44 through an oil path.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, when the device is in an operating state, the position sensor 7 transmits the collected position information to the first controller 71, the first controller 71 sends a command to the position control electromagnetic valve 72, the positioning electromagnetic valve 74 and the opening and closing electromagnetic valve 73 according to the position information, the position control oil cylinder 42 connected with the position control electromagnetic valve 72 stretches out, the positioning oil cylinder 45 connected with the positioning electromagnetic valve 74 stretches out, the opening and closing oil cylinder 44 connected with the opening and closing electromagnetic valve 73 stretches out, the floating cavity 43 rotates to a closed state, the positioning oil cylinder 45 fixes the position of the floating cavity 43, and the toothed plate frame 41 drives the toothed plate 3 to move to a proper position so as to facilitate crushing according to the proper position; when in a stop state, the first controller 71 respectively sends commands to the position control electromagnetic valve 72 and the positioning electromagnetic valve 74, and the opening and closing electromagnetic valve 73, so that the position control oil cylinder 42 is retracted, and the positioning oil cylinder 45 and the opening and closing oil cylinder 44 are extended; when the device is in the maintenance state, the first controller 71 respectively sends out commands to the position control electromagnetic valve 72 and the opening and closing electromagnetic valve 73, the position control oil cylinder 42 and the opening and closing oil cylinder 44 are retracted, and the floating cavity 43 is in an outward open state, so that the maintenance is convenient.

Referring to fig. 5, the first controller 71 may be PLC controlled, and the apparatus supports both in-situ control and remote control modes. The on-site control is specially designed for single person operation, can be used immediately after being started, can rapidly process materials and ensures economy. The remote control supports the ProfiBUS bus, can monitor the running state of the equipment in the central control system in real time, and performs appearance design of real-time control and supports the operating system of the ProfiBUS.

Referring to fig. 3 and 6, one end of the rack 41 away from the floating cavity 43 is movably connected with a comb plate 411, the comb plate 411 is located below the rack roller 21 and is in an arc shape consistent with the radian of the rack roller 21, one end of the comb plate 411 close to the rack 3 is connected with the rack 41, the comb plate 411 is close to the rack 41 and is connected with the rack 41 in a spherical surface, the lower part of the comb plate 411 is connected with the rack 41 through a spring 412, and the lower part of the comb plate 411 is connected with the rack 41 through other elastic components such as an elastic rubber rod (not shown in the figure). The setting of fishback 411 can sieve the material, and broken fritter material whereabouts, because fishback 411 passes through sphere connection and elasticity interception with toothed rack 41, and fishback 411 can carry out the swing of a small margin about, and slightly bigger material can fall in the swing, avoids blocking, and bigger material can return and carry out the secondary breakage, improves broken fineness.

Referring to fig. 3 and 7, a pressure control system is further provided on the frame 1, the pressure control system includes an alarm 82 fixedly provided on the frame 1, a pressure sensor 8 is further provided on the position control cylinder 42, the pressure sensor 8 is electrically connected with an input end of a second controller 81, and an output end of the second controller 81 is electrically connected with the position control electromagnetic valve 72 and the alarm 82. Under the condition of overlarge crushing stress, the pressure sensor 8 senses that the pressure is overlarge and transmits a signal to the second controller 81, the second controller 81 sends a command to the position control electromagnetic valve 72 to control the piston rod of the position control oil cylinder 42 to retract, and the extrusion gear rack 41 can automatically loosen and spit out an interfering object so as to prevent equipment damage or accident occurrence. After the interference is removed, the rack 41 is moved to the working position. If the pressure still exists, the interfering objects still stay in the machine and are not spitted out, the machine can send an alarm signal to the control device to give an alarm, and reliable and stable operation of the device is ensured.

The implementation principle of the embodiment 1 is as follows: during the use, realize the rotation of floating cavity 43 through opening and shutting hydro-cylinder 44, realize opening and shutting, the maintenance of being convenient for, under the operating condition, floating cavity 43 is in the closed condition, location cylinder drive locating piece 46 upwards slides to inconsistent with location sloping block 13, realize the location, drive pinion rack 41 through the position accuse cylinder and drive pinion rack 3 and be located suitable position, make the distance between pinion rack 3 and the fluted roller 21 adjust suitable position, thereby adjust the broken granularity size of material, can change broken tooth 22 and passive tooth 31 into suitable specification as required broken granularity size simultaneously, thereby be convenient for accurate regulation broken granularity. The position of the toothed plate 3 is controlled by a position control system. The crushed materials are screened through the gaps of the comb plate 411, the comb plate 411 has a certain movable space, a small material hopper can drop in the movement of the comb plate 411, and the uncrushed large materials can return to be crushed for the second time, so that the crushing effect is ensured. Meanwhile, when the crushed materials are too large, the toothed plate 3 can be controlled to be loosened by the pressure control system, so that the materials fall off, and the possibility of machine clamping is reduced. The application adopts the single-roller main shaft for crushing, the crushing cavity is enlarged, the occupied area is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 36 percent.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 8, this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the crushing teeth 22 are fixedly connected with the tooth roller 21. The fixed connection between the crushing teeth 22 and the toothed roller 21 does not allow to adjust the size of the crushing teeth 22, and the adjustment of the crushing granularity is performed by adjusting the distance between the passive crushing unit and the toothed roller 21.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 9, this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that a motor 51 and a speed reducer 52 are connected by a coupling 54. The coupling 54 is directly connected with a longer service life relative to belt transmission, and the defects that the belt stretches repeatedly and is easy to damage in the running process are overcome.

Example 4

Referring to fig. 10, this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the toothed plate 3 is fixedly connected with the passive teeth 31. The adjustment of the crushing grain size is mainly performed by changing the crushing teeth 22 and adjusting the distance between the toothed roller 21 and the toothed plate 3.

Example 5

Referring to fig. 11, this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that a floating chamber 43 is fixedly connected with a frame 1.

Correspondingly, the opening and closing oil cylinder and the opening and closing electromagnetic valve for controlling the opening and closing oil cylinder do not exist, and maintenance of the inside of the crushing cavity such as the crushing teeth 22, the driven teeth 31 and the like is realized by entering the feeding hopper 11. The floating cavity 43 is not required to be controlled, and the structure is simple due to reduced machinery and control structure.

The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a construction waste breaker which characterized in that: the crushing device comprises a frame (1), wherein a crushing cavity is formed in the frame (1), a horizontally arranged toothed roller (21) is rotationally connected to the crushing cavity, crushing teeth (22) are arranged on the toothed roller (21), the toothed roller (21) rotates around a central axis of the toothed roller, a toothed plate (3) corresponding to the crushing teeth (22) is further arranged in the crushing cavity, and the distance between the toothed roller (21) and the toothed plate (3) is adjustable;

a floating cavity (43) is arranged on the frame (1), a toothed plate frame (41) is hinged on the floating cavity (43), the toothed plate frame (41) rotates in a vertical plane, and the toothed plate (3) is arranged on the toothed plate frame (41);

the floating cavity (43) is rotationally connected with the frame (1), and the floating cavity (43) rotates in a vertical plane;

one end, far away from the frame (1), of the floating cavity (43) is provided with a positioning device, the positioning device comprises a positioning block (46) which is connected in the floating cavity (43) in a sliding manner, the positioning block (46) slides along the length direction of the floating cavity (43), and when the floating cavity (43) rotates to a vertical state, the positioning block (46) slides upwards to be in abutting positioning with the frame (1);

the frame (1) is fixedly connected with a positioning inclined block (13), and when the floating cavity (43) rotates to a vertical state, the positioning block (46) is in abutting joint with one side of the positioning inclined block (13);

one end of the toothed plate frame (41) far away from the floating cavity (43) is movably connected with a comb plate (411), and the comb plate (411) is positioned below the space between the toothed roller (21) and the toothed plate (3);

the comb plate (411) is arranged below the tooth roller (21) in an arc shape consistent with the radian of the tooth roller (21), the comb plate (411) is connected with the spherical surface of the tooth plate frame (41) above the tooth plate frame (41), the lower part of the comb plate (411) is connected with the tooth plate frame (41) through a spring (412), and the comb plate (411) can swing up and down and left and right in a small amplitude.

2. A construction waste crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the crushing teeth (22) are detachably connected with the toothed roller (21), and the toothed plate (3) is detachably connected with driven teeth (31).

3. A construction waste crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the gear plate frame (41) is provided with a position control oil cylinder (42), a piston rod of the position control oil cylinder (42) is hinged with the gear plate frame (41), a cylinder seat of the position control oil cylinder (42) is hinged with the floating cavity (43), and the position control oil cylinder (42) is provided with a pressure sensor (8).

4. A construction waste crushing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the device is characterized in that an opening and closing oil cylinder (44) used for driving the floating cavity (43) to rotate is arranged at a position, close to the floating cavity (43), on the frame (1), a piston rod of the opening and closing oil cylinder (44) is hinged to the floating cavity (43), and a cylinder seat of the opening and closing oil cylinder (44) is hinged to the frame (1).

5. A construction waste crushing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the automatic control device is characterized in that a control device is arranged on the frame (1), the control device comprises a position sensor (7), a first controller (71) and a position control electromagnetic valve (72), the position sensor (7) is located in a piston rod of the position control oil cylinder (42), the position sensor (7) is electrically connected with an input end of the first controller (71), an output end of the first controller (71) is electrically connected with the position control electromagnetic valve (72) and an opening and closing electromagnetic valve (73) respectively, the position control electromagnetic valve (72) is connected with the position control oil cylinder (42) through an oil way, and the opening and closing electromagnetic valve (73) is connected with the opening and closing oil cylinder (44) through an oil way.

6. A construction waste crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the rack (1) is close to the position of one end of the tooth roller (21) is provided with a motor (51) for driving the tooth roller (21) to rotate, a speed reducer (52) is arranged between the motor (51) and the tooth roller (21), and the motor (51) is connected with the speed reducer (52) through a belt (53) or a coupler (54).