CN115138329A - 一种新型H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种新型H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于脱硫吸附剂的一种H2Nb4O11纳米管的制备方法,该吸附剂通过四甲基氢氧化铵溶液(TMAOH)和四丁基氢氧化铵溶液(TBAOH)插层H2Nb4O11,在25~60℃进行恒温振荡2~14d,振荡结束后经离心、聚沉、陈化、洗涤、干燥得到。本发明方法制备的纳米管具有制备过程简单,成本低,易于产业化的特点。本发明首次将合成的H2Nb4O11纳米管作为吸附剂在25~80℃条件下,应用于甲烷气吸附脱硫时,穿透吸附硫容量高达54.61mg g‑1,在低碳烷烃深度吸附脱硫领域具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附脱硫领域,具体是一种新型H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫吸附剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
硫醇是一种剧毒、无色、反应性和腐蚀性的挥发性有机化合物。硫醇的排放对人体健康和环境保护有很大的潜在负面影响,并造成隧道和设备的腐蚀。据了解,它们是由天然气和石油提炼过程、木材工业、食品工业、污水处理、与能源有关的活动和其他来源排放的。按照环保法规和生活标准,将空气中的硫醇含量降至极低水平。根据环境法律,天然酸性气体中的硫醇浓度必须降至20mg m-3以下,尽管通常在无嗅气体中加入200ppb的硫醇用于泄漏检测。硫醇中,乙硫醇普遍存在于沼气、天然气和石油天然气中,越来越受到人们的关注。乙硫醇在空气中浓度超过0.7μg L-1时,还会散发出令人不舒服的气味。面对严格的天然气硫醇含量限制及市场对低硫清洁天然气的巨大需求,天然气的超深度脱硫,已经成为我国目前急需解决的重大问题。
许多技术已经被开发出来用于从气流中去除硫醇,包括光催化降解催化氧化/分解、生物降解和吸附脱硫。其中,光催化降解技术在室温下对多种有机污染物具有广谱活性,但量子效率相对较低。催化氧化/分解是一种方便、高效的方法,但需要提供高温条件才能充分分解反应物,产生有害的副产物。生物降解能在温和条件下降解高浓度硫醇,但降解效率较低。吸附脱硫具有深度脱硫的能力、极高的脱除选择性和诱人的经济优势。因此吸附脱硫是一项很有前途的脱硫技术。
过去常用的固体吸附剂包括活性炭、金属氧化物、和沸石、有机金属骨架材料(MOF)。上述吸附剂都存在各自的缺陷,如活性炭本身对含硫化合物的吸附能力不高,在再生过程中可自燃;金属氧化物通常需要较高的工作温度;沸石因其较高的硫容、热稳定性和易调节性,在该领域得到了广泛的关注,但许多沸石因其对管道级天然气中允许存在的微量水或其他杂质的吸附偏好而受到阻碍;MOF具有极高的比表面积,但其有机骨架极不稳定,容易坍塌,价格也相对昂贵。针对上述技术问题,有必要开发一种结构稳定、成本低廉、脱硫效率极高的深度脱硫吸附剂。
本发明针对上述技术问题,首次开发了一种新型H2Nb4O11纳米管的制备方法,并且首次将此纳米管用于吸附低碳脱硫。该H2Nb4O11纳米管克服了传统脱硫吸附剂传质扩散效率低下、运行环境苛刻、吸附过程复杂、价格昂贵的技术缺陷,对天然气、生物气等低碳烷烃中的硫醇表现出高的脱除率,具有良好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对本领域存在的不足,开发一种新型H2Nb4O11纳米管的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的是提出制备所得到的H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫吸附剂。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种新型H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫吸附剂及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
称量0.2~0.8g H2Nb4O11,将固体倒入的锥形瓶中,继续加入50~200 mL去离子水;
向步骤(1)所得的混合物中加入TBAOH和TMAOH溶液混合液;
将步骤(2)所得的混合物在25~60℃进行恒温振荡2~14d;
将步骤(3)所得的混合物进行离心、硝酸聚沉、陈化、洗涤、干燥即得纳米管;
所述的TBAOH溶液的浓度为10~40%水溶液,TMAOH溶液的浓度为10~25%水溶液;加入的TBAOH和TMAOH溶液中所含的阳离子(TBA+、 TMA+)与H2Nb4O11固体中氢(H)的摩尔比为2~10;
所述的振荡器为气浴恒温振荡器,聚沉所用的硝酸浓度为1~6mol L-1,陈化的时间为7~60d,干燥的方式为冷冻干燥。
本发明还提供所述H2Nb4O11纳米管在天然气、生物气等吸附脱硫的应用,选用乙硫醇作为低碳硫醇的代表物。具体为,将含有乙硫醇的原料气通过 H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫剂的固定床层,进行乙硫醇的脱除。
脱硫温度为25~80℃,空速为1000~15000h-1,原料气中乙硫醇的浓度为1~500ppm。
本发明克服了传统脱硫吸附剂传质扩散效率低下、运行环境苛刻、吸附过程复杂、价格昂贵的技术缺陷,所述的H2Nb4O11纳米管制备过程简单,成本低,易于产业化。并且具有较高的比表面积使得吸附剂上更多的活性位点得以暴露。在脱离温度、空速、原料气中乙硫醇的浓度分别为25℃、6000h-1和500ppm 条件下,进行吸附脱硫时穿透硫容量高达54.61mgg-1。本发明在吸附脱硫领域具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1得到的纳米管脱硫剂及所使用的前驱体的XRD 图谱。
图2为本发明实施例1得到的纳米管脱硫剂的SEM图。
图3为本发明实施例1得到的纳米管脱硫剂的氮气吸附-脱附等温线和对应的孔径分布图。
图4为本发明实施例1-3得到的纳米管脱硫剂的乙硫醇吸附穿透曲线图及穿透吸附量结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1
称量0.2g H2Nb4O11,将固体倒入锥形瓶中,加入50mL去离子水后摇晃,得到混合物(1);将2.45mL TBAOH溶液(40%水溶液)和3.95mL TMAOH 溶液(10%水溶液)倒入混合物(1)中,摇晃得到混合物(2);将装有混合物(2) 的锥形瓶放入气浴恒温振荡器中,在60℃下恒温振荡7d,得到混合物(3);混合物(3)经离心,2mol L-1硝酸聚沉,陈化60d,冷冻干燥后的得到H2Nb4O11纳米管固体。记为编号NT-1.
表1实施例1得到的纳米管脱硫剂的比表面积、孔体积、孔径的结果
实施例2
称量0.4g H2Nb4O11,将固体倒入锥形瓶中,加入100mL去离子水后摇晃,得到混合物(1);将4.90mL TBAOH溶液(40%水溶液)和7.89mL TMAOH 溶液(10%水溶液)倒入混合物(1)中,摇晃得到混合物(2);将装有混合物(2) 的锥形瓶放入气浴恒温振荡器中,在60℃下恒温振荡7d,得到混合物(3);混合物(3)经离心,2mol L-1硝酸聚沉,陈化14d,冷冻干燥后的得到H2Nb4O11纳米管固体。记为编号NT-2.
实施例3
称量0.8g H2Nb4O11,将固体倒入锥形瓶中,加入200mL去离子水后摇晃,得到混合物(1);将9.80mL TBAOH溶液(40%水溶液)和15.78mL TMAOH 溶液(10%水溶液)倒入混合物(1)中,摇晃得到混合物(2);将装有混合物(2) 的锥形瓶放入气浴恒温振荡器中,在60℃下恒温振荡7d,得到混合物(3);混合物(3)经离心,2mol L-1硝酸聚沉,陈化7d,冷冻干燥后的得到H2Nb4O11纳米管固体。记为编号NT-3.
实施例4
采用含乙硫醇的天然气作为气体净化对象,初始硫醇浓度为1~500 ppm。吸附实验之前将氮气以60mL min-1流速持续通入装有上述制备的H2Nb4O11纳米管的石英管,在120℃下进行预处理1h。预处理结束后,常温下向吸附床层持续通入含硫气,使空速保持在6000h-1。当气相色谱在出口气首次检测到乙硫醇时,认为达到了穿透点,计算穿透点的吸附硫容量,结果列于表1中。
由表1可以看出,本发明提供的H2Nb4O11纳米管在具体用于天然气吸附脱硫时,能够吸附脱除硫化物,脱除效率高,具有良好的应用前景。
表2吸附剂对硫醇的吸附参数
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而并非对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴,本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。
Claims (11)
1.一种新型H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫吸附剂及其制备方法,其特征在于包括一下步骤:
(1)称量0.2~0.8g H2Nb4O11,将固体转移到锥形瓶中,继续加入50~200mL去离子水;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合物中加入TBAOH溶液和TMAOH溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的混合物在25~60℃进行恒温振荡2~14d;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的混合物进行离心、硝酸聚沉、陈化、洗涤、干燥即得纳米管。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(2)中,TBAOH溶液的浓度为10~40%水溶液,TMAOH溶液的浓度为10~25%水溶液。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(2)中,加入的TBAOH和TMAOH溶液中所含的阳离子(TBA+、TMA+)与H2Nb4O11固体中氢(H)的摩尔比为2~10。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(3)中,振荡器为气浴恒温振荡器。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(4)中,聚沉所用的硝酸浓度为1~6mol L-1。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(4)中,陈化的时间为7~60d。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述的步骤(4)中,干燥的方式为冷冻干燥。
8.一种权利要求1所述的H2Nb4O11纳米管在吸附脱除天然气中乙硫醇的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的H2Nb4O11纳米管在吸附脱除天然气或生物气等低碳烷烃中低碳硫醇的应用,其特征在于:将含有低碳硫醇的原料气通过H2Nb4O11纳米管脱硫剂的固定床层,进行硫醇的脱除。
10.如权利要求8所述的低碳硫醇指碳原子数1~4。
11.如权利要求8所述的H2Nb4O11纳米管在吸附脱除天然气或生物气等低碳烷烃中低碳硫醇的应用,其特征在于:脱硫温度为25~80℃,空速为1000~15000h-1,原料气中乙硫醇的浓度为1~500ppm。
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