CN115137881B - 抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115137881B
CN115137881B CN202210888742.7A CN202210888742A CN115137881B CN 115137881 B CN115137881 B CN 115137881B CN 202210888742 A CN202210888742 A CN 202210888742A CN 115137881 B CN115137881 B CN 115137881B
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blood vessel
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tubular
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史杰
滕彦娇
吕琪
侯世科
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Wenzhou Safety Emergency Research Institute Of Tianjin University
Tianjin University
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Abstract

本发明属于组织工程技术领域,具体涉及一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管及其制备方法,由内至外依次包括管状内层,其由高分子材料、天然血管内膜脱细胞基质和抗血栓剂通过静电纺丝制得;管状中层,其由高分子材料和天然血管中膜脱细胞基质通过静电纺丝制得;管状外层,其由高分子材料通过静电纺丝制得;本发明模拟天然血管取向和组成,将天然血管的内、中、外膜脱细胞基质与合成高分子复合分别制备人工血管的内、中和外层,制备利于ECs、SMCs和内皮祖细胞增殖、迁移和分化的小口径人工血管:同时在人工血管上修饰抗血栓形成的活性物质,最终开发出一种抗血栓、促进组织快速再生的小口径人工血管。

Description

抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于组织工程技术领域,具体涉及一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管及其制备方法。
背景技术
心血管疾病是全球的头号死因,据美国心脏协会预测2030年死于心血疾病的人数将增加到2360万以上。血管移植是治疗心血管疾病的重要方法之一,选择合适的血管移植材料,对手术的成功至关重要。自体血管与天然血管匹配度高,被认为是最理想的血管移植物。但是自体血管的数量十分有限,很难满足临床的需求。以膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氨酯为材料制备的大口径人工血管(内径>6mm)通畅性良好已被广泛应用于临床。而小口径人工血管(内径≤6mm)由于口径小、流速慢、血压低、血流环境复杂等原因容易导致内皮化不足和远期通畅率差,目前一直没有商品化产品。因此,临床迫切需要小口径人工血管的研发。
常用于制备小口径人工血管的可降解高分子通常有两大类:合成高分子和天然高分子。合成高分子包括聚乙醇酸(PGA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚癸二酸丙三醇酯(PGS)和聚L-丙交酯-co-ε-己内酯(PLCL)等。天然高分子包括胶原、弹性蛋白、纤维蛋白、丝素蛋白、壳聚糖和透明质酸等。但上述材料由于各种原因(例如易形成血栓),导致制备的小口径人工血管再生功能较差,不能完全满足小口径人工血管的要求。
为了解决上述问题,研究者们将与血管再生相关的活性物质复合到可降解高分子支架材料上,如专利CN 110201223 A一种合成高分子与天然细胞外基质复合材料、人工血管及其制备方法,其将合成高分子和天然细胞外基质复合,获得了一类机械性能、生物相容性好的血管材料,但其天然细胞外基质是无差别地分布在血管材料结构中,并没有充分考虑不同结构、组成的天然细胞外基质的天然优势。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管及其制备方法。
本发明的构思是:
天然血管是多层结构,每层都由特定类型的细胞及其相应的ECM组成。依次由内皮细胞(Endothelial cell,EC)、胶原和弹性纤维构成内膜(Intima);由平滑肌细胞(Smoothmuscle cell,SMC)、胶原和弹性纤维构成中膜(Media),由成纤维细胞、神经细胞、胶原和弹性纤维构成的外膜(Adventitia)。ECs呈轴向排布与血液流动方向平行,表面光滑,利于血液流动;SMCs呈螺旋式取向分布,与血流方向垂直;成纤维细胞可以分泌螺旋状或纵向分布的弹性纤维和胶原纤维。
本发明不仅是将合成高分子材料与天然细胞外基质结合,制备了小口径人工血管,更重要的是,通过模拟天然血管取向和组成,将天然血管的各层脱细胞基质分别置于人工血管对应的层结构中(例如天然血管内膜脱细胞基质位于人工血管的内层,依次类推),更加充分模拟天然血管的结构和组成,制备利于ECs、SMCs和内皮祖细胞增殖、迁移和分化的小口径人工血管:同时在人工血管上修饰抗血栓形成的活性物质,最终开发出一种抗血栓、促进组织快速再生的小口径人工血管。
本发明具体是通过如下技术方案来实现的。
本发明第一个目的是提供一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管,由内至外依次包括:
管状内层,其由高分子材料、天然血管内膜脱细胞基质和抗血栓剂通过静电纺丝制得;
管状中层,其由高分子材料和天然血管中膜脱细胞基质通过湿法纺丝制得;
管状外层,其由高分子材料通过静电纺丝制得。
优选的,构成所述管状内层的纤维呈轴向分布。
优选的,构成所述管状中层的纤维呈圆周取向。
优选的,构成所述管状外层的纤维取向随机分布。
优选的,所述高分子材料为聚己内酯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚乙醇酸、聚L-丙交酯-co-ε-己内酯中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述抗血栓剂为红景天苷。
优选的,天然血管内膜脱细胞基质和天然血管中膜脱细胞基质具体通过以下方法制备:
(1)天然血管脱细胞
第一步:5mM EDTA+4%NaCl 50mM Tris-HCL溶液处理;超纯水清洗;
第二步:5mM EDTA+10mM Tris-HCL(pH 7.4)溶液处理;超纯水清洗;
第三步:0.25%胰蛋白酶+0.02%EDTA溶液,摇床震荡处理,灭菌超纯水清洗;
第四步:在1%Triton X-100(pH7.4)+5mM Tris-HCl溶液中处理,1%双抗;灭菌超纯水清洗;
第五步:在脱氧核糖核酸酶150ug/ml DNAase和15ug/ml RNAase(sigma)混合溶液中消化,灭菌超纯水清洗;
(2)脱细胞基质粉末的制备
首先,将步骤(1)中脱细胞血管进行内膜、中膜的分离,具体操作:在超净工作台中,用手术镊将血管竖立起来,可以看到明显的血管壁上内中膜的分层情况,按照分层的纹路进行剥离,分别得到内膜、中膜;
其次,对剥离分好的内、中膜再次生理盐水清洗,置于冷冻干燥机中分别冷冻干燥;
最后,干燥的血管脱细胞基质在冷冻研磨仪中研磨成粉末,收集细胞外基质粉末并将其保存在-20℃中,备用。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、溶液配制
将高分子材料溶于有机溶剂中,制备溶液一;
将抗血栓剂加入溶液一中,制备溶液二;
将天然血管内膜脱细胞基质加入溶液二中,制备溶液三;
将天然血管中膜脱细胞基质加入溶液一中,制备溶液四;
S2、静电纺丝制备人工血管
先将溶液三采用静电纺丝纺成管状内层,内层制备过程中在接收器中加入磁场引导纤维呈轴向分布;
在所述管状内层外,将溶液四采用湿法纺丝沿圆周方向纺成管状中层;
在所述管状中层外,将溶液一采用静电纺丝纺成管状外层。
优选的,溶液一中,高分子材料和有机溶剂的用量比为0.8-1g∶10mL;
溶液二中,抗血栓剂和溶液一的用量比为200-300μg∶1mL;
溶液三中,天然血管内膜脱细胞基质和溶液二的用量比为0.005-0.01g∶1mL;
溶液四中,天然血管中膜脱细胞基质和溶液一的用量比为0.005-0.01g∶1mL。
优选的,管状内层纺丝条件:电压为8-12kV,流速为1-8mL/h,接收速度2000-3000rpm,接收时长5-15min;
管状中层纺丝条件:电压为8-12kV,流速为2-8mL/h,接收速度2000-3000rpm,接收时长5-15min;
管状外层纺丝条件:电压为8-12kV,流速为2-8mL/h,接收速度2000-3000rpm,接收时长3-8min。
优选的,制备结束后,将人工血管用酒精浸泡,之后真空干燥。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果:
本发明充分模拟天然血管的结构和组成,提供了一种三层仿生的小口径人工血管,并修饰红景天苷(salidroside,Sal)抗血栓形成。选择具有高弹性且体内降解速率适宜的合成高分子材料,采用静电纺丝构建内、中和外三层不同纤维取向和组成的人工血管。血管内层和外层均通过静电纺丝制备,内层制备过程中在接收器中加入磁场引导纤维呈轴向分布,外层纤维取向随机分布。血管中层采用静电纺丝制备呈圆周取向的纤维。为了模拟天然血管组成,我们将猪胸主动脉采用适宜脱细胞方法获得脱细胞基质血管。然后将脱细胞基质血管内、中、外膜分别剥离后,采用冷冻研磨方法获得脱细胞基质粉末。将天然血管的各层脱细胞基质分别置于人工血管对应的层结构中(例如天然血管内膜脱细胞基质位于人工血管的内层,依次类推)。采用物理共混或同轴静电纺丝的方式将红景天苷负载至血管内层,实现抗血栓形成的目的。
本发明选取了安全可靠的合成高分子材料、红景天苷和脱细胞基质粉末作为血管支架组成成分。红景天苷是从药用植物红景天中提取的天然化合物,具有抗血栓,保护心血管等多种功效。脱细胞基质粉末是将猪的胸主动脉进行了脱细胞,完全去除了免疫原性,经冷冻干燥研磨而制备成的粉末。其来源为天然血管,具有良好的生物相容性,含有促进内皮、平滑肌、成纤维细胞生长的多种生物因子,能够有效的促进相应的人工血管内中外层的组织再生。并且,脱细胞基质粉末为天然组分,有良好的生物降解性,使得血管的降解过程和组织再生能够相匹配,成功的避免了动脉瘤的发生。
附图说明
图1:电镜观察血小板粘附情况(a)、血小板凝集、溶血实验(b)、统计分析每个视野下血小板数量(c)溶血情况;
图2:血管支架大鼠腹主动脉移植(a)血管支架大鼠腹主动脉移植;(b)不同组别血管通畅情况;
图3:细胞伸展粘附实验和体外小管形成实验数据图,其中为材料对内皮细胞的影响细胞迁移实验(a)、(d);体外小管形成实验(b)、(e);为扫描电镜观察HUVECs在材料上的铺展情况(c)、(f);
图4:本发明制备的抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管结构图;
图5:人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验(a),平滑肌增殖实验(b)。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案能予以实施,下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
下述各实施例中所述实验方法和检测方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可在市场上购买得到。
实施例1
一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、天然血管脱细胞
将修剪整理好的猪胸主动脉进行脱细胞,采用高低渗溶液,Triton X-100和酶相结合的方法进行脱细胞,具体脱细胞方法如下:第一步:将猪胸主动脉置于5mM EDTA+4%NaCl+50mM Tris-HCL溶液中,在摇床上摇晃24h;超纯水清洗12h,前6小时每小时换水1次。第二步:5mM EDTA+10mM Tris-HCL(pH 7.4)溶液处理36h;超纯水清洗6h,每一小时换超纯水1次。第三步:0.25%胰蛋白酶+0.02%EDTA溶液,摇床震荡处理24h,灭菌超纯水清洗12h。第四步:在1%Triton X-100(pH7.4)+5mM Tris-HCl溶液中处理48h(每24h换一次液),1%双抗;灭菌超纯水清洗24h。第五步:在脱氧核糖核酸酶150ug/ml DNAase和15ug/ml RNAase(sigma)混合溶液中消化24h。灭菌超纯水清洗24h。脱细胞效果检测。取部分脱细胞样品进行材料残余的基因组DNA检测;H&E染色检测细胞核残留,Masson染色检测胶原纤维的变化情况,天狼星红(PSR)染色检测胶原类型,阿尔新蓝(AB)染色检测蛋白多糖含量。扫描电镜观察管壁内表面组织结构变化;使用纳米粒度及Zeta电位分析仪对研磨后样品粉末粒度分布进行检测。
S2、脱细胞基质粉末的制备
首先将上述脱细胞血管进行内膜、中膜的分离。在超净工作台中,用手术镊将血管竖立起来,可以看到明显的血管壁上内中膜的分层情况,按照分层的纹路进行剥离,分别得到内膜、中膜。其次,对剥离分好的内、中膜再次生理盐水清洗3次,置于冷冻干燥机中分别冷冻干燥。最后,干燥的血管脱细胞基质被剪成约0.5mm的碎片,在冷冻研磨仪中研磨成粉末。收集细胞外基质粉末并将其保存在-20℃中,备用。
S3、人工血管制备
(1)静电纺丝溶液的制备
①配制PLCL溶液:在电子天平上称取1.0g PLCL颗粒,将其溶解于10mL六氟异丙醇(HFIP)中,溶液在磁力搅拌机上搅拌过夜,得到质量/体积浓度为10%的PLCL溶液。
②配制含有红景天苷的静电纺丝溶液:称取0.002g的红景天苷粉末,溶于①中所述的溶液,浓度为200μg/mL。搅拌2h,配置成负载红景天苷的PLCL溶液。
③配制负载红景天苷的内膜脱细胞基质粉末静电纺丝溶液:将0.1g内膜脱细胞基质粉末溶于②中配好的溶液,溶液在磁力搅拌机上搅拌3d,得到质量/体积浓度为1%的溶液。
④配制含有中膜脱细胞基质粉末的静电纺丝溶液:将0.1g中膜脱细胞基质粉末溶于①中配好的溶液,溶液在磁力搅拌机上搅拌3d,得到质量/体积浓度为1%的溶液。
(2)静电纺丝制备人工血管
将配制的三种静电纺丝溶液分别吸入三个10mL注射器:红景天苷/内膜脱细胞基质/PLCL(纺内层)、中膜脱细胞基质/PLCL(纺中层),PLCL(纺外层)。装有静电纺丝液的注射器置于微量注射泵上,直径为2mm的接收棒。先纺人工血管内层,再换装有中层纺丝液的注射器纺血管中层,最后换装有外层纺丝液的注射器纺外层。三层纺丝结束后,将其进行脱管。将人工血管支架用75%酒精浸泡10s,轻轻扭动血管支架使其从接收棒上脱离下来。制备完成后真空干燥,备用。
三层血管具体纺丝条件如下:
内层纺丝条件:电压为12kV,流速为2mL/h,接收速度2000rpm,接收时长10min;中层纺丝条件:电压为12kV,流速为4mL/h,接收速度2000rpm,接收时长10min;外层纺丝条件:电压为12kV,流速为4mL/h,接收速度2000rpm,接收时长5min。
实施例2
一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤同实施例1,不同之处,在于:
S3、人工血管制备
(1)静电纺丝溶液的制备
①配制PLCL溶液:在电子天平上称取0.8g PLCL颗粒,将其溶解于10mL六氟异丙醇(HFIP)中,溶液在磁力搅拌机上搅拌过夜,得到质量/体积浓度为8%的PLCL溶液。
②配制含有红景天苷的静电纺丝溶液:称取0.003g的红景天苷粉末,溶于①中所述的溶液,浓度为300μg/mL。搅拌2h,配置成负载红景天苷的PLCL溶液。
③配制负载红景天苷的内膜脱细胞基质粉末静电纺丝溶液:将0.05g内膜脱细胞基质粉末溶于②中配好的溶液,溶液在磁力搅拌机上搅拌3d,得到质量/体积浓度为0.5%的溶液。
④配制含有中膜脱细胞基质粉末的静电纺丝溶液:将0.05g中膜脱细胞基质粉末溶于①中配好的溶液,溶液在磁力搅拌机上搅拌3d,得到质量/体积浓度为0.5%你的溶液。标黄部分已修改
(2)静电纺丝制备人工血管
将配制的三种静电纺丝溶液分别吸入三个10mL注射器:红景天苷/内膜脱细胞基质/PLCL(纺内层)、中膜脱细胞基质/PLCL(纺中层),PLCL(纺外层)。装有静电纺丝液的注射器置于微量注射泵上,直径为2mm的接收棒。先纺人工血管内层,再换装有中层纺丝液的注射器纺血管中层,最后换装有外层纺丝液的注射器纺外层。三层纺丝结束后,将其进行脱管。将人工血管支架用75%酒精浸泡10s,轻轻扭动血管支架使其从接收棒上脱离下来。制备完成后真空干燥,备用。
三层血管具体纺丝条件如下:
内层纺丝条件:电压为8kV,流速为1mL/h,接收速度3000rpm,接收时长5min;中层纺丝条件:电压为8kV,流速为2mL/h,接收速度3000rpm,接收时长5min;外层纺丝条件:电压为8kV,流速为2mL/h,接收速度3000rpm,接收时长3min。
实施例3
一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤同实施例1,不同之处,在于:
三层血管具体纺丝条件如下:
内层纺丝条件:电压为8kV,流速为8mL/h,接收速度3000rpm,接收时长15min;中层纺丝条件:电压为8kV,流速为8mL/h,接收速度3000rpm,接收时长15min;外层纺丝条件:电压为8kV,流速为8mL/h,接收速度3000rpm,接收时长8min。
上述实施例1-3性能近似,下面仅以实施例1为例,对其进行性能表征,具体的实验方法分别如下:
溶血实验:用绝缘酸钠抗凝采血管收集大鼠全血,与生理盐水进行4:5稀释获得抗凝血液溶液。使用模具将纤维膜制成直径为1cm的圆片,将样品放入装有10mL 0.9%NaCl溶液的离心管中,37℃预温30min。向离心管中加入0.2mL抗凝血溶液,37℃下孵育60min。随后,2500rpm,离心5min,吸取上清液100μL至96孔板中,波长545nm处测定吸光度值。用去离子水稀释的血液作为阳性对照,生理盐水作为阴性对照。溶血率=(OD样品-OD阴性对照)/(OD阳性对照-OD阴性对照)×100%。
血小板粘附实验:用绝缘酸钠抗凝管收集大鼠全血,以3000rpm/min进行离心,15min,收集富血小板血浆(Platelet-rich plasma,PRP)。静电纺丝膜支架经过生理盐水浸泡后,将样品与500μL的PRP在37℃孵育2h,孵育后用温热的PBS冲洗,去除表面未贴壁的细胞。贴壁细胞和支架用2.5%戊二醛溶液固定2h。室温下,乙醇梯度脱水。干燥,备用。喷金处理后进行SEM图像采集、观察。对粘附的血小板的形态进行评估。
血管支架大鼠腹主动脉移植:将制备的人工血管原位移植到大鼠的腹主动脉。具体手术步骤如下:①大鼠提前24h禁食,不禁水;②材料紫外照射过夜,移植前用肝素钠生理盐水中浸泡20min;③大鼠腹腔注射10%的水合氯醛,注射剂量是0.33mL/100g,大鼠尾静脉注射肝素钠溶液(0.2%,100units/kg),注射剂量为0.2mL/100g(1ml);④将大鼠固定在手术板上,被毛,然后沿腹部中线分别剪开皮肤和肌肉;⑤剥离肾下腹主动脉并用9-0线结扎动脉小分支,用动脉夹夹住动脉两端,两个动脉夹间隔约1.0cm,从中间剪断腹主动脉,修剪血管两端口的外膜;⑥将长度为1.0-1.5cm的人工血管用9-0缝合线采用端端吻合方法缝合,采用“米”字法缝合,两端各缝8针。根据情况适当补针,两端缝合好后,用棉花小心压住吻合处,先撤离远心端动脉夹,再撤离近心端动脉夹,使恢复血流,并止血;⑦用温热的硫酸庆大霉素冲洗腹并复位,3-0缝合线缝合肌肉层和皮肤,碘伏擦拭皮肤消毒,术后12h后喂食。
细胞迁移实验:支架浸提液的制备:将纤维膜以6cm2/mL,在37℃下浸入5mL基础培养基中24h。收集支架的浸提液,并在4℃下储存。将人脐静脉内皮细胞接种在24孔板中。完全融合后,用200μL无菌移液管吸头制作伤口。分离的细胞用PBS缓冲液洗涤,并加入支架的浸提液。随即,图像在倒置显微镜下拍摄(尼康ECLIPSE Ti-U)。孵育12h后,在倒置显微镜下拍摄迁移至划痕区域的细胞。迁移率=(0h时的伤口长度-12h时的伤口长度)/0h时的伤口长度×100%。
体外小管形成实验:体外血管形成实验是基于matrigel模拟体内细胞基底膜的体外内皮细胞生长分化实验。具体步骤如下:①Matrigel胶制备,将Matrigel提前一天取出放置4℃融化,使用时放置冰上;②48孔板和无菌枪头提前一天放置在4℃冰箱预冷,使用时放置冰上;③用预冷的枪头吸取Matrigel加入至48孔板中,150μL/孔,然后将48孔板水平放置在4℃冰箱1h,使液面平整,然后取出孔板,放置在37℃培养箱30min使其凝固;④培养基重悬HUVEC,每孔加入3×104个细胞,培养基体积250μL;⑤随后每孔补加250μL浸提液;⑥然后将孔板放置37℃培养箱培养3小时后,在倒置显微镜下观察HUVEC形态变化并拍照;⑦数据分析:使用Photoshop软件计算每个图像中的节点。
细胞粘附实验:将纤维膜放入48孔板中,并加入压环,紫外照射过夜灭菌。将HUVECs接种于预先灭菌的膜支架上,HUVECs接种数量为1×104个/孔,然后将细胞放置培养箱中培养24小时。弃掉培养基,用PBS洗涤2次,加入2.5%戊二醛4℃固定过夜,第二天利用梯度酒精脱水,真空干燥箱干燥,最后通过SEM观察细胞在静电纺丝膜样品表面的粘附、生长及铺展情况。
细胞增殖实验:
人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验:人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs,北京北纳科技有限公司)细胞在ECM培养基培养(5%胎牛血清,1%双抗,1%生长因子)至80%融合时,用胰蛋白酶消化,血球计数板计数后将其种植在纤维膜上。每孔中加入8×103个HUVECs,培养基300μL/孔,放置37℃二氧化碳培养箱培养。细胞在培养的第1d、3d、5d的时候,吸取旧培养基,换为200μL含有20μL的CCK-8试剂的DMEM培养基,并放回培养箱中继续培养4h,溶液变为淡黄色,每孔吸取100μL上清液至96孔板中,在酶标仪上读取450nm处的吸光度值。PLCL组和空白孔板为对照。
平滑肌细胞增殖实验:平滑肌细胞(SMCs,大鼠胸大动脉平滑肌细胞(A7r5),上海研酶生物科技有限公司)在DMEM培养基培养(10%胎牛血清,1%双抗)至80%时,用胰蛋白酶消化,血球计数板计数后将其种植在纤维膜上。每孔中加入4×103个SMCs,培养基300μL/孔,放置37℃二氧化碳培养箱培养。细胞在培养的第1d、2d、3d,吸取旧培养基,换为200μL含有20μL的CCK-8试剂的DMEMF培养基,并放回培养箱中继续培养4h,溶液变为淡黄色时,每孔吸取100μL上清液至96孔板中,在酶标仪上读取450nm处的吸光度值。PLCL组和空白孔板为对照。
实验结果如下:
红景天苷具有抑制血小板聚集的作用。如图1所示,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对支架进行了血小板黏附测试(a)。血小板在不同膜上粘附的情况(b)。在未加脱细胞基质的两组中,红景天苷的加入,可减少血小板的粘附;脱细胞基质粉末的加入,因蛋白会粘附血小板,所(PLCL-dECM-Sal),可明显降低血小板粘附个数。血液相容性的实验结果(c),加入了红景天苷和脱细胞基质粉末之后溶血率是降低的,血液安全性好。这些结果表明脱细胞基质和红景天苷的修饰有效的改善了支架的血液相容性,抑制了血小板的凝集,从而达到抗血栓的目的。
如图2所示,将制备好的血管进行大鼠腹主动脉的替换(a),在对照组PLCL组中(b),发生了血栓,严重的堵塞了血管;在加入脱细胞基质和红景天苷的组别中血管通畅性良好,无血栓的发生。证明制备的血管支架有显著的抗血栓功效。
脱细胞基质粉末的加入能够促进细胞的生长,进而促进组织的再生。在体外细胞实验中通过伤口划痕实验,细胞伸展粘附实验和体外小管形成实验验证了支架对内皮细胞的影响。如图3所示,实验结果表明:脱细胞基质粉末和红景天苷的加入,有利于细胞的迁移(a,d)。与PLCL组相比,脱细胞基质和红景天苷处理的支架组形成的小管数更多(b,e)。利用扫描电镜观察HUVECs在材料上的铺展情况(c,f),结果发现内皮细胞在PLCL支架上呈皱缩状态,并没有完全铺展;而细胞在红景天苷和脱细胞基质粉末加入的支架上呈多边形铺展,并且粘附的细胞面积更大。以上这些数据表明,负载红景天苷和脱细胞基质粉末的血管支架能显著改善了内皮细胞增殖活性,提高内皮细胞的生物功能。
制备的三层人工血管如图4所示,分为内层,中层,外层。
如图5所示:通过人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验,(a)血管支架内层(含有内膜脱细胞基质粉末)相较于中层(含有中膜脱细胞基质粉末)和外层(PLCL),能促进人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长。(b)平滑肌细胞增殖实验,中层(含有中膜脱细胞基质粉末)相较于内层(含有内膜脱细胞基质粉末)和外层(PLCL),中层能够促进平滑肌细胞的增殖。说明内膜、中膜脱细胞基质粉末分别提高了相应的人工血管内层、中层细胞活性。由该结果可以预想,将脱细胞基质血管外膜用于制人工血管外层时,同样也能有助于相应细胞的生长。
综上所述,本发明将脱细胞基质血管内、中、外膜分别剥离后,采用冷冻研磨方法获得脱细胞基质粉末,将天然血管的各层脱细胞基质分别置于人工血管对应的层结构中,采用物理共混或同轴静电纺丝的方式将红景天苷负载至血管内层,协同实现抗血栓形成的目的。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (7)

1.一种抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管,其特征在于,由内至外依次包括:
管状内层,其由高分子材料、天然血管内膜脱细胞基质和抗血栓剂通过静电纺丝制得;构成所述管状内层的纤维呈轴向分布;
管状中层,其由高分子材料和天然血管中膜脱细胞基质通过静电纺丝制得;
构成所述管状中层的纤维呈圆周取向;
管状外层,其由高分子材料通过静电纺丝制得;
构成所述管状外层的纤维取向随机分布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管,其特征在于,所述高分子材料为聚己内酯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚乙醇酸、聚L-丙交酯-co-ε-己内酯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管,其特征在于,所述抗血栓剂为红景天苷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管,其特征在于,天然血管内膜脱细胞基质和天然血管中膜脱细胞基质具体通过以下方法制备:
(1)天然血管脱细胞
第一步:5mM EDTA+4%NaCl 50mM Tris-HCL溶液处理;超纯水清洗;
第二步:5mM EDTA+10mM Tris-HCL(pH 7.4)溶液处理;超纯水清洗;
第三步:0.25%胰蛋白酶+0.02%EDTA溶液,摇床震荡处理,灭菌超纯水清洗;
第四步:在1%Triton X-100(pH7.4)+5mM Tris-HCl溶液中处理,1%双抗;灭菌超纯水清洗;
第五步:在脱氧核糖核酸酶150ug/ml DNAase和15ug/ml RNAase(sigma)混合溶液中消化,灭菌超纯水清洗;
(2)脱细胞基质粉末的制备
首先,将步骤(1)中脱细胞血管进行内膜、中膜的分离,具体操作:在超净工作台中,用手术镊将血管竖立起来,可以看到明显的血管壁上内中膜的分层情况,按照分层的纹路进行剥离,分别得到内膜、中膜;
其次,对剥离分好的内、中膜再次生理盐水清洗,置于冷冻干燥机中分别冷冻干燥;
最后,干燥的血管脱细胞基质在冷冻研磨仪中研磨成粉末,收集细胞外基质粉末并将其保存在-20℃中,备用。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的抗血栓、促组织再生的三层仿生人工血管的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、溶液配制
将高分子材料溶于有机溶剂中,制备溶液一;
将抗血栓剂加入溶液一中,制备溶液二;
将天然血管内膜脱细胞基质加入溶液二中,制备溶液三;
将天然血管中膜脱细胞基质加入溶液一中,制备溶液四;
S2、静电纺丝制备人工血管
先将溶液三采用静电纺丝纺成管状内层,内层制备过程中在接收器中加入磁场引导纤维呈轴向分布;
在所述管状内层外,将溶液四采用湿法纺丝沿圆周方向纺成管状中层;
在所述管状中层外,将溶液一采用静电纺丝纺成管状外层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
溶液一中,高分子材料和有机溶剂的用量比为0.8-1g∶10mL;
溶液二中,抗血栓剂和溶液一的用量比为200-300μg∶1mL;
溶液三中,天然血管内膜脱细胞基质和溶液二的用量比为0.005-0.01g∶1mL;
溶液四中,天然血管中膜脱细胞基质和溶液一的用量比为0.005-0.01g∶1mL。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
管状内层纺丝条件:电压为8-12kV,流速为1-8mL/h,接收速度2000-3000rpm,接收时长5-15min;
管状中层纺丝条件:电压为8-12kV,流速为2-8mL/h,接收速度2000-3000rpm,接收时长5-15min;
管状外层纺丝条件:电压为8-12kV,流速为2-8mL/h,接收速度2000-3000rpm,接收时长3-8min。
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