CN115133273A - Feed high orthogonality microstrip antenna - Google Patents
Feed high orthogonality microstrip antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115133273A CN115133273A CN202210140913.8A CN202210140913A CN115133273A CN 115133273 A CN115133273 A CN 115133273A CN 202210140913 A CN202210140913 A CN 202210140913A CN 115133273 A CN115133273 A CN 115133273A
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- receiving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar and communication, in particular to a radar with an antenna and radio frequency receiving and transmitting links integrated on the same circuit board, which is particularly suitable for a scene with high integration level, small size and low cost design requirements on the circuit board and more prominent signal interference between a receiving end and a transmitting end; the invention relates to a feed high-orthogonality microstrip antenna, which is characterized in that a single-antenna patch-double feed scheme is subjected to special feed design, so that equivalent feed points of two channels can be conveniently adjusted, and the problem of orthogonality reduction caused by asymmetry of the working environment of an antenna patch is corrected, so as to ensure the isolation level of the antenna patch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar and communication, in particular to a radar with an antenna and radio frequency receiving and transmitting links integrated on the same circuit board, which is particularly suitable for a scene with high integration level, small size and low cost design requirements on the circuit board and more prominent signal interference between a receiving end and a transmitting end; in particular to a feed high-orthogonality microstrip antenna.
Background
Because the detection target of the radar system is passive, compared with communication equipment which actively feeds back active signals, the feedback signals are very weak. Radar systems therefore typically have more adjustable transmit power, and higher receive sensitivity, to capture weak signals. Under the background, higher requirements are provided for the capability of isolating interference between high-power transmitting links and high-sensitivity receiving links, and the capability becomes a bottleneck index influencing the comprehensive performance of the radar system.
In the field of civil consumer-grade radars, due to strict limitations of space occupancy and cost, high integration and miniaturization of the radars become mainstream; further, the radar shares one antenna patch with the transmitting and receiving channels, so as to reduce the size of the radar to the maximum extent. Therefore, how to improve the anti-interference capability between the transmitting channel and the receiving channel in the single antenna patch design becomes a key subject of the radar system design.
Under the scene that the receiving channel and the transmitting channel share the single antenna patch, the core for improving the isolation degree is to ensure the orthogonality of receiving excitation and transmitting excitation; specifically, the feeding point of one of the channels should be set at the point where the electric field distribution is weakest when the other channel feeds the antenna patch. For example, a microstrip patch antenna patch with a high utilization rate is usually implemented by using a feeding point of two channels for receiving and transmitting as a coordinate origin with a geometric center of the antenna patch and keeping 90 ° orthogonality.
However, in practical engineering, due to layout limitations, the antenna patches may be laid out at the edge of the radar module, or metal parts exist around the antenna patches, and the like, which all may destroy the symmetry of the working environment of the antenna patches, and change the electric field distribution excited by the transmitting channel, and the antenna transmission line also has a certain radiation capability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a feeding microstrip antenna with high orthogonality, which performs a special feeding design on a single antenna patch-dual feeding scheme, so that equivalent feeding points of two channels can be conveniently adjusted, and the problem of reduced orthogonality caused by asymmetry of the working environment of the antenna patch is corrected.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a fed high-orthogonality microstrip antenna, comprising:
the two opposite surfaces of the substrate are respectively a radiation surface and a ground surface;
the radiation patch is in a regular polygon or circle shape and is paved on the radiation surface; the regular polygon comprises two mutually perpendicular sides which respectively form a transmitting feed side and a receiving feed side; the circle comprises two mutually perpendicular tangent lines which respectively form a transmitting feed edge and a receiving feed edge;
a ground reference, arranged on the ground plane, for the antenna to form a resonant loop of the radiating patch;
the transmitting feed line is grounded at the feed tail end, laid on the radiating surface, parallel to the transmitting feed edge and arranged at intervals, and used for enabling the radiating patch to transmit electromagnetic waves based on the capacitance effect with the radiating patch and the resonant circuit when an electromagnetic excitation signal is switched on;
and the feed tail end of the receiving feed line is grounded, is laid on the radiation surface, is parallel to the receiving feed edge and is arranged at an interval, and is used for receiving the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the radiation patch based on the capacitance effect of the radiation patch and the resonant circuit.
Further, the feeding end of the transmission feed line is electrically connected with the reference ground; the feed end of the receiving feed line is electrically connected with the reference ground.
Further, a feeding initial end of the transmitting feeder is electrically connected with a transmitting end signal transmission line; the microstrip antenna further comprises a transmitting coupling patch; the transmitting coupling patch is laid on the radiating surface, is electrically connected with the reference ground, is positioned at one end of the transmitting feeder line and the transmitting end signal transmission line, which are far away from the radiating patch, and is used for isolating the electromagnetic radiation of one end of the transmitting feeder line, which is far away from the radiating patch, or isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the transmitting end signal transmission line.
Further, a feed end of the transmit feed line is electrically connected to the transmit coupling patch and/or the reference ground.
Furthermore, the feeding initial end of the receiving feeder is electrically connected with a receiving end signal transmission line; the microstrip antenna further comprises a receiving coupling patch; the receiving coupling patch is laid on the radiating surface, is electrically connected with the reference ground, is positioned at one end of the receiving feeder line and one end of the receiving end signal transmission line far away from the radiating patch, and is used for isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the receiving feeder line far away from one end of the radiating patch or isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the receiving end signal transmission line.
Further, a feed end of the receive feed line electrically connects the receive coupling patch and/or the reference ground.
Further, the transmitting coupling patch and/or the receiving coupling patch are electrically connected to the reference ground based on a plurality of vias through the substrate.
Further, the distance between the transmitting feed line and the transmitting feed edge is 0.1-0.25 mm; the distance between the receiving feeder and the receiving feeder edge is 0.1-0.25 mm.
Further, the distance between the transmitting coupling patch and the transmitting feeder line is 0.1-0.25 mm; the distance between the receiving coupling patch and the receiving feeder line is 0.1-0.25 mm.
Further, the lengths of the transmitting feeder line and the receiving feeder line are greater than one quarter of the length of the electric wave transmitted by the microstrip antenna; the length of the receiving feeder line and the length of the receiving feeder line are larger than one fourth of the length of the radio wave received by the microstrip antenna.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can also bring the following beneficial effects:
the coupling feed mode of the invention has compact layout, flexible adjustable range of feed position and obvious improvement of isolation after optimization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a layout diagram of radiation planes in a completely symmetrical antenna environment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the electric field distribution of the radiation plane with complete symmetry in the antenna environment;
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a radiating plane in which the antenna environment is not completely symmetrical;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a radiation surface electric field distribution with an antenna environment that is not completely symmetrical;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of isolation for fully symmetric and incompletely symmetric antenna environments;
fig. 6 is a layout diagram of a radiation plane of a feeding microstrip antenna with high orthogonality according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a radiation surface electric field distribution diagram of a fed high-orthogonality microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of isolation between a fed high orthogonality microstrip antenna and an antenna environment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a radiation patch; 2. a transmit feed line; 3. receiving a feeder; 4. a transmitting end signal transmission line; 5. a receiving end signal transmission line; 6. a transmitting coupling patch; 7. a coupling patch is received.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the appended claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the disclosure, one skilled in the art should appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such an apparatus may be implemented and/or such a method may be practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to or other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than the number, shape and size of the components in practical implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in practical implementation can be changed freely, and the layout of the components can be more complicated.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
The antenna and the radio frequency receiving and transmitting chain circuit are integrated on the same circuit board, and the performance deterioration caused by asymmetrical working environment is analyzed for the antenna with high integration level, small size and low cost design requirement on the circuit board.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, when the antenna environment is completely symmetrical, the distribution of the antenna electric field is symmetrical, and the receiving end feed point is at the zero point of the transmitting end radiation electric field; on the contrary, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the antenna environment introduces the feed trace with non-negligible length, the antenna is close to the board edge, and there are metal close to each other, the symmetry is broken, and the isolation is deteriorated (the isolation contrast result is shown in fig. 5).
The reason for the deterioration of the isolation is that the microstrip line (transmission and reception feed line 3) of a non-negligible length itself radiates, becomes a part of the antenna, and breaks the symmetry thereof.
Secondly, the following also leads to a deterioration of the isolation:
1. when the antenna is close to the plate edge, the nearby electric field environment is changed into a mixture of air and the PCB from the PCB, the wavelength of a local electromagnetic field is lengthened, and the symmetry of the antenna is damaged;
2. when the antenna is close to the metal, the wavelength of an electromagnetic field around the metal is shortened, and the symmetry of the electromagnetic field is damaged, which is opposite to that of the antenna close to the plate edge.
3. The antenna transmission line also has certain radiation capability, and in the actual layout, along with the lengthening of the transmission line, the radiation of the antenna transmission line becomes non-negligible, which also destroys the originally designed electric field distribution and the symmetry of the electric field distribution.
In order to solve the above problem, in an embodiment of the present invention, a fed high-orthogonality microstrip antenna is provided
The method comprises the following steps:
the two opposite surfaces of the substrate are respectively a radiation surface and a ground surface;
the radiation patch 1 is in a regular polygon or circle shape and is paved on a radiation surface; the regular polygon comprises two mutually perpendicular sides which respectively form a transmitting feed side and a receiving feed side; the circle comprises two mutually perpendicular tangent lines which respectively form a transmitting feed edge and a receiving feed edge;
a ground reference, arranged on the ground plane, for the antenna to form a resonant circuit of the radiating patch 1;
the transmitting feed line 2 is grounded at the feed tail end, laid on the radiating surface, parallel to the transmitting feed edge and arranged at intervals, and used for realizing coupling transmission of electromagnetic wave signals and enabling the radiating patch 1 to transmit electromagnetic waves through a resonant circuit based on the capacitance effect of the radiating patch 1 when an electromagnetic excitation signal is connected;
and the receiving feed line 3 is grounded at the feed tail end, laid on the radiation surface, parallel to the receiving feed edge and arranged at intervals, and used for realizing the coupling transmission of electromagnetic wave signals based on the capacitance effect of the radiation patch 1 and receiving the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the radiation patch 1 by the resonance circuit.
The substrate of this embodiment is a PCB or other material that can be used for metal patch etching, and this embodiment is not limited specifically; the radiation patch 1 of the present embodiment is a metal patch used for manufacturing a microstrip antenna, and is designed in an equilateral length manner, that is, a square, regular octagon, circular or other structure is adopted, and the present embodiment is not particularly limited;
in some embodiments, the feed end of the transmission feed line 2 is electrically connected to a ground reference; the feed end of the receiving feeder 3 is electrically connected to a ground reference.
In some embodiments, a transmitting-end signal transmission line 4 is electrically connected to a feeding initial end of the transmitting feeder 2; the microstrip antenna further comprises a transmitting coupling patch 6; the transmitting coupling patch 6 is laid on the radiating surface, is electrically connected with a reference ground, is positioned at one end of the transmitting feeder 2 and the transmitting end signal transmission line 4 far away from the radiating patch 1, and is used for isolating the electromagnetic radiation of one end of the transmitting feeder 2 far away from the radiating patch 1 or isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the transmitting end signal transmission line 4. The transmitting end signal transmission line 4 of this embodiment should avoid the corner of the antenna.
The feed end of the transmission feed line 2 is electrically connected to the transmission coupling patch 6 and/or to ground.
The feed initial end of the receiving feeder 3 is electrically connected with a receiving end signal transmission line 5; the microstrip antenna further comprises a receiving coupling patch 7; the receiving coupling patch 7 is laid on the radiation surface, is electrically connected with a reference ground, is positioned at one end of the receiving feeder line 3 and one end of the receiving end signal transmission line 5 far away from the radiation patch 1, and is used for isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the receiving feeder line 3 far away from the radiation patch 1 or isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the receiving end signal transmission line 5. The receiving end signal transmission line 5 of the present embodiment should avoid the corner of the antenna.
The feed end of the receiving feed line 3 is electrically connected to the receiving coupling patch 7 and/or to ground.
The transmitting coupling patch 6 and/or the receiving coupling patch 7 are electrically connected to a reference ground based on a plurality of through-substrate vias.
In the present embodiment, the distance between the transmission feeder 2 and the transmission feeding edge is 0.1-0.25 mm; the distance between the receiving feed line 3 and the receiving feed side is 0.1-0.25 mm. The distance between the transmitting coupling patch 6 and the transmitting feeder 2 is 0.1-0.25 mm; the distance between the receiving coupling patch 7 and the receiving feeder 3 is 0.1-0.25 mm. The lengths of the transmitting feeder line 2 and the receiving feeder line 3 are greater than one fourth of the electric wave transmitted by the microstrip antenna; the length of the receiving feed line 3 and the receiving feed line 3 is greater than one quarter of the radio wave received by the microstrip antenna.
Between the transmission feeder line 2 and the transmission feeder line of the present embodiment and the antenna radiation edge, it can be regarded as a capacitor device, and the capacitance value formula is as follows:
wherein epsilon is the dielectric constant of the transmission medium, l is the length of the coupling section, d is the distance between the coupling section and the radiating edge of the antenna, and a is the width of the coupling section strip line.
Meanwhile, the capacitor can be regarded as a high-pass filter, and the cutoff frequency formula of the high-pass filter is as follows:
therefore, in order to ensure that the signal of the radar working frequency f can be transmitted to the antenna through the coupling section, the capacitance C is larger than a specific value, namely the length l of the transmitting feeder 2 and the transmitting feeder is larger than the specific value, and the distance d is small enough; in practical engineering experience, the length of the transmitting feeder 2 and the transmitting feeder should be longer than a quarter wavelength of the radio frequency working frequency of the microstrip antenna, and in view of the processing precision limitation, the distance between the transmitting feeder and the radiating edge of the antenna should be less than 0.25mm, about 0.1-0.25mm, and is recommended to be about 0.15 mm;
the coupling feed ends of the transmission feed line 2 and the transmission feed line of the embodiment are grounded, and can be connected with the receiving coupling patch 7 and the transmitting coupling patch 6, or connected with the bottom layer reference ground through a hole;
as shown in fig. 6, the receiving coupling patch 7 and the transmitting coupling patch 6 of the present embodiment fully wrap the transmitting feeding line 2 and one end of the transmitting feeding line far from the radiating patch 1, and fully wrap the transmitting end signal transmission line 4 and the receiving end signal transmission line 5 as much as possible, and the distance is as small as possible, and considering the limitation of processing precision, about 0.1-0.25mm, and is recommended to be about 0.15 mm.
The above embodiments are general design requirements, and specific case specific design requirements are described below. As shown in fig. 6, the antenna isolation is deteriorated, mainly due to the antenna layout at the board edge and the relatively long feeding transmission line participating in the antenna radiation, which results in the orthogonality of the two port electric fields being destroyed; by adjusting the lengths of the transmitting feeder line 2 and the transmission feeder line and the relative positions of the transmitting feeder line 2, the transmission feeder line and the radiation patch 1, the electric field distribution of the two ports is orthogonal again, and the isolation of the two ports of the antenna is further optimized. As shown in fig. 7, when the transmitting end excites an electromagnetic wave signal, the zero point of the electromagnetic wave intensity is linearly distributed, and the equivalent feeding point of the receiving end coupling is near the zero point (as shown in fig. 7).
As shown in fig. 8, compared with the non-processed asymmetric design, the isolation of the antenna of this embodiment is improved by about 20dB, and the interference is reduced to one percent of the original interference.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fed high-orthogonality microstrip antenna, comprising:
the two opposite surfaces of the substrate are respectively a radiation surface and a ground surface;
the radiation patch is in a regular polygon or circle shape and is laid on the radiation surface; the regular polygon comprises two mutually perpendicular sides which respectively form a transmitting feed side and a receiving feed side; the circle comprises two mutually perpendicular tangent lines which respectively form a transmitting feed edge and a receiving feed edge;
a ground reference, arranged on the ground plane, for the antenna to form a resonant loop of the radiating patch;
the transmitting feed line is grounded at the feed tail end, laid on the radiating surface, parallel to the transmitting feed edge and arranged at intervals, and used for enabling the radiating patch to transmit electromagnetic waves based on the capacitance effect with the radiating patch and the resonant circuit when an electromagnetic excitation signal is switched on;
and the feed tail end of the receiving feed line is grounded, is laid on the radiation surface, is parallel to the receiving feed edge and is arranged at intervals, and is used for receiving the electromagnetic waves transmitted to the radiation patch based on the capacitance effect of the radiation patch and the resonance circuit.
2. The fed highly orthogonal microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the feed end of the transmission feed line is electrically connected to the reference ground; the feed end of the receiving feed line is electrically connected with the reference ground.
3. The fed microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein a transmission-end signal transmission line is electrically connected to a feeding initial end of the transmission feed line; the microstrip antenna further comprises a transmitting coupling patch; the transmitting coupling patch is laid on the radiating surface, is electrically connected with the reference ground, is positioned at one end of the transmitting feeder line and the transmitting end signal transmission line far away from the radiating patch, and is used for isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the transmitting feeder line far away from one end of the radiating patch or isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the transmitting end signal transmission line.
4. The fed highly orthogonal microstrip antenna of claim 3 wherein the feed end of the transmit feed line electrically connects the transmit coupling patch and/or the reference ground.
5. The fed microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein a receiving end signal transmission line is electrically connected to a feeding initial end of the receiving feeder; the microstrip antenna further comprises a receiving coupling patch; the receiving coupling patch is laid on the radiating surface, is electrically connected with the reference ground, is positioned at one end of the receiving feeder line and one end of the receiving end signal transmission line far away from the radiating patch, and is used for isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the receiving feeder line far away from one end of the radiating patch or isolating the electromagnetic radiation of the receiving end signal transmission line.
6. The fed highly orthogonal microstrip antenna according to claim 5 wherein a feed end of the receive feed line electrically connects the receive coupling patch and/or the reference ground.
7. The fed microstrip antenna according to claim 3 or 5, wherein said transmitting coupling patch and/or said receiving coupling patch are electrically connected to said reference ground based on a plurality of through holes passing through said substrate.
8. The fed high-orthogonality microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the distance of the transmission feed line from the transmission feed edge is 0.1-0.25 mm; the distance between the receiving feeder and the receiving feeder edge is 0.1-0.25 mm.
9. The fed highly orthogonal microstrip antenna according to claim 3 or 5 wherein the distance of the transmitting coupling patch from the transmitting feed line is 0.1-0.25 mm; the distance between the receiving coupling patch and the receiving feeder line is 0.1-0.25 mm.
10. The fed highly orthogonal microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the lengths of the transmission feed line and the reception feed line are longer than a quarter of the electric wave transmitted from the microstrip antenna; the length of the receiving feeder line and the length of the receiving feeder line are larger than one fourth of the length of the radio wave received by the microstrip antenna.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210140913.8A CN115133273A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Feed high orthogonality microstrip antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210140913.8A CN115133273A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Feed high orthogonality microstrip antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115133273A true CN115133273A (en) | 2022-09-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210140913.8A Pending CN115133273A (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2022-02-16 | Feed high orthogonality microstrip antenna |
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- 2022-02-16 CN CN202210140913.8A patent/CN115133273A/en active Pending
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