CN115125597A - Hard anodizing device for deep hole of workpiece - Google Patents

Hard anodizing device for deep hole of workpiece Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN115125597A
CN115125597A CN202210723272.9A CN202210723272A CN115125597A CN 115125597 A CN115125597 A CN 115125597A CN 202210723272 A CN202210723272 A CN 202210723272A CN 115125597 A CN115125597 A CN 115125597A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
cathode rod
deep hole
compressed air
workpiece
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202210723272.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN115125597B (en
Inventor
王海艳
黄枝柄
肖文涛
姚澧纯
王红霞
黄奕凡
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVIC Landing Gear Advanced Manufacturing Corp
Original Assignee
AVIC Landing Gear Advanced Manufacturing Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AVIC Landing Gear Advanced Manufacturing Corp filed Critical AVIC Landing Gear Advanced Manufacturing Corp
Priority to CN202210723272.9A priority Critical patent/CN115125597B/en
Publication of CN115125597A publication Critical patent/CN115125597A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN115125597B publication Critical patent/CN115125597B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02Anodisation

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hard anodic oxidation device for deep holes of workpieces, which comprises a cathode rod (2), wherein the cathode rod is fixedly arranged on a retainer ring (1), the retainer ring is arranged at the end part of the deep hole, one end of the cathode rod extends into the bottom of the deep hole, and the other end of the cathode rod is exposed outside the retainer ring; the cathode rod is a hollow tube, a compressed air joint (8) is installed at the exposed end of the cathode rod through an insulating plug (3), the inner extending end of the cathode rod is fixedly connected with a conductive end (5) through an insulating cushion block (4), a first air hole (11) is formed in the baffle ring, and a second air hole (41) is formed in the insulating cushion block; one end of the conductive end head is abutted against the bottom surface of the deep hole, and the other end of the conductive end head is connected with an external power supply anode through a lead (10). The invention can prevent overheating burn when hard anodizing is carried out on the deep hole part of the workpiece, can ensure that the thickness of the hard anodizing film on the deep hole part is uniform, has simple manufacture and installation and reduces the difficulty of film coating operation.

Description

Hard anodizing device for deep hole of workpiece
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrochemical machining process device, in particular to a hard anodizing device for deep holes of workpieces.
Background
The anodizing device is an important tool for anodizing production. The anode oxidation device is correctly designed, manufactured, used and maintained, can improve the production efficiency of anode oxidation, and has important significance for improving the quality of a workpiece film layer.
Hard anodization is generally carried out by selecting an electrically conductive pinch point on the outer surface of a hard anode plate and passing a relatively large current therethrough. In the hard anodizing process, a severe heating phenomenon is generated, so that the temperature of the electrolyte around the oxidized part of the workpiece is rapidly increased, and the dissolution of an oxide film is accelerated. If the heat dissipation and temperature reduction are not timely carried out, the oxidized part of the workpiece is overheated and burnt due to the temperature rise.
Compared with the outer surface part of the workpiece, the bath solution at the deep hole part of the workpiece is difficult to circulate and dissipate heat, and the electric lines cannot enter the deep hole, so that the hard anode at the deep hole part of the workpiece is difficult to oxidize and the film thickness uniformity is poor. The conductive clamping points of the hard anodization of the workpiece are generally selected on a certain plane of the outer surface, so that the clamping mark is obvious, and the overall appearance is influenced.
Therefore, a stable and practical process device is needed to realize the hard anodizing processing of the deep hole part of the workpiece, so that the hard anodizing process is smoothly performed, the film layer is uniform and consistent on the surface of the workpiece, and the film layer has high quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that a workpiece is easy to burn, the thickness of an inner hole film layer is not uniform, clamping marks are obvious and the like when the hard anode at the deep hole part of the aluminum alloy workpiece is oxidized at present, and provides a hard anode oxidation device for the deep hole of the workpiece, which can integrally improve the heat dissipation problem of the deep hole part of the workpiece, reduce the part burn and ensure that the thickness of the hard anode oxidation film layer at the deep hole part is uniform.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hard anodic oxidation device for deep holes of workpieces comprises a cathode rod and is structurally characterized in that,
the cathode rod is fixedly arranged on a retaining ring, the retaining ring is arranged at the end part of the deep hole, one end of the cathode rod extends into the bottom of the deep hole, and the other end of the cathode rod is exposed out of the retaining ring;
the cathode rod is a hollow tube, a compressed air joint is arranged at the exposed end of the cathode rod through an insulating plug, the inner extending end of the cathode rod is fixedly connected with a conductive end through an insulating cushion block, a first air hole is formed in the baffle ring, and a second air hole is formed in the insulating cushion block;
one end of the conductive end socket is abutted against the bottom surface of the deep hole, and the other end of the conductive end socket is connected with an external power supply anode through a lead.
According to the invention, the cathode rod is arranged in the deep hole of the workpiece, compressed air is introduced to the bottom of the deep hole by using the cathode rod in the anodic oxidation process, then the compressed air is exhausted through the electrolyte outside the cathode rod and the first air hole on the retainer ring, so that the electrolyte in the deep hole is fully stirred and radiated, the workpiece burning is avoided, meanwhile, as the cathode rod extends into the bottom of the deep hole of the workpiece, the electric lines of the power in the deep hole are uniformly distributed, the thickness of the hard anodic oxidation film at the deep hole part is uniform, the workpiece is electrically conducted by abutting the conductive end head with the bottom surface of the deep hole, and the influence on the appearance caused by the installation of the conductive clamp on the outer surface of the workpiece is avoided.
Preferably, the retainer ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the end part of the deep hole, so that the wall surface of the deep hole of the workpiece can be fully and completely oxidized and coated.
Preferably, the cathode rod is coaxially installed with the deep hole to further improve the film thickness uniformity of the deep hole oxide film.
Preferably, the compressed air joint is connected with an external compressed air source through a compressed air pipe.
Preferably, the compressed air pipe is a PU hose.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention carries out three-in-one high integration on tank liquid stirring heat dissipation, uniformly distributed power lines and a workpiece conductive function mechanism, can effectively solve the stirring heat dissipation problem during hard anodic oxidation of the deep hole part of the workpiece, prevents overheating burn during hard anodic oxidation of the deep hole part of the workpiece, improves the power line distribution in the deep hole by extending the cathode rod into the bottom of the deep hole, and promotes the thickness uniformity of the hard anodic oxidation film of the deep hole part.
2. The device is simple to manufacture and install, can simplify hanging protection, reduces operation difficulty, and improves deep hole hard anodizing processing efficiency and primary hard anodizing yield of workpieces, thereby reducing production cost and having important significance for cost reduction and efficiency improvement.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic clamping diagram of the hard anodizing device for the deep hole of the workpiece.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the deep-long inner hole hard anodized workpiece.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hard anodizing apparatus for deep holes of a workpiece according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic size view of the retainer ring, wherein the left side view is a front view and the right side view is a sectional view a-a of the left side view.
Fig. 5 is a schematic dimension view of a cathode rod.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the plug screw dimensions.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the insulating spacer, wherein the right drawing is a front view, and the left drawing is a sectional view a-a of the right drawing.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a contact terminal.
In the figure: 1-check ring, 2-cathode rod, 3-insulating plug, 4-insulating cushion block, 5-conductive end, 6-workpiece, 7-screw, 8-compressed air joint, 9-compressed air pipe and 10-lead.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
For convenience of description, the relative positional relationship of the components, such as: the descriptions of the upper, lower, left, right, etc. are described with reference to the layout directions of the drawings in the specification, and do not limit the structure of the present patent.
As shown in fig. 1, one embodiment of the hard anodizing device for deep holes of an aluminum alloy workpiece 6 of the present invention comprises a retainer ring 1, a cathode rod 2, an insulating plug 3, an insulating pad 4, a conductive end 5, a screw 7, a compressed air joint 8, a compressed air pipe 9, and a lead 10, wherein the retainer ring 1 is used for fixing the whole hard anodizing device; the cathode rod 2 is used as a traditional cathode; the insulating plug 3 is used for accessing compressed air; the insulating cushion block 4 plays an insulating role; the conductive end 5 is used for conducting electricity of the workpiece and is connected with the lead 10; the screw 7 is used for fixing the lead 10; the compressed air joint 7 is used for fixing a compressed air pipe 9; the compressed air pipe 9 provides compressed air; the wire 10 is responsible for supplying current during the machining of the workpiece.
The retainer ring 1 is sleeved on the outer surface of the end part of the deep hole. The retainer ring 1 is provided with a first air hole 11 and a cathode rod mounting hole 12.
The cathode rod 2 is fixedly arranged on a cathode rod mounting hole 12 of the retainer ring 1, and the cathode rod 2 and the deep hole are coaxially arranged. One end of the cathode rod 2 extends into the bottom of the deep hole, and the other end of the cathode rod is exposed outside the retainer ring 1.
The cathode rod 2 is a hollow tube, an insulating plug 3 is arranged at the exposed end of the cathode rod 2, and an insulating cushion block 4 is arranged at the inward extending end of the cathode rod 2.
And a compressed air joint 8 is arranged in the middle of the insulating plug 3, and the compressed air joint 8 is connected with an external compressed air source through a compressed air pipe 9. The compressed air pipe 9 is preferably a PU hose.
And a second air hole 41 and a conductive terminal mounting hole 42 are arranged on the insulating cushion block 4.
The conductive terminal 5 is of a T-shaped structure. The small end of the conductive end 5 penetrates through a conductive end mounting hole 42 of the insulating cushion block 4 and then abuts against the bottom surface of the deep hole, the large end of the conductive end 5 is arranged in the cathode rod 2, the conductive end 5 and the insulating cushion block 4 are fastened into a whole by a screw 7, and the large end of the conductive end 5 is connected with an external power supply anode through a lead 10 arranged in the cathode rod 2.
The concrete design thinking and method of the hard anodizing device for the deep hole of the workpiece in the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
as shown in fig. 2:
(1) the blue drawing of the part requires that the hard anode oxidation is carried out on the inner surface of the L section by 50 +/-10 microns, the appearance is continuous, smooth and uniform, and no burn, peeling or loose film layer exists;
(2) the X hole and the Y hole are required to be main working areas, and the tolerance of H8 is met after hard anodic oxidation.
In combination with the above requirements, the hard anodizing device is designed as shown in fig. 3, wherein: 1-retainer ring, 2-cathode rod, 3-insulating plug, 4-insulating spacer, 5-conductive terminal, 7-screw (commercially available), 8-compressed air connector (commercially available), 9-compressed air tube (commercially available), and 10-lead (commercially available).
As shown in fig. 4, the retainer ring 1 needs to satisfy the following requirements: made of insulating material, is responsible for fixing the cathode rod 2 and the workpiece 6. Wherein:
a 1: the selected size is convenient for sleeving the workpiece into the retainer ring without causing shaking;
a 2: the value is taken to ensure a certain wall thickness and ensure that the check ring has certain strength;
a 3: the number y1 of the holes is randomly selected and uniformly distributed to play a role in communicating compressed air, and a3 and y1 can be adjusted according to actual conditions;
m 1: the diameter of the threaded hole is used for fixing the check ring on a workpiece;
m 2: the diameter of the threaded hole is used for fixing the No. 2 piece cathode rod on the retaining ring;
l1: the length is adjusted according to the actual condition, and the cathode rod 2 and the deep hole of the workpiece 6 are ensured to be coaxial.
As shown in fig. 5, the cathode rod 2 is required to satisfy the requirements: the anode is made of aluminum with good conductivity, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, graphite, lead-plated carbon steel or other metals, so that the anode can bear current applied in the oxidation process of the hard anode. Wherein:
b1, carrying cathode current, and selecting proper size according to the inner hole of the workpiece;
b 2: the hole is used for conducting compressed air, so that the cathode rod is ensured to have certain strength;
n 1: the diameter of the external thread is used for fixing the cathode rod 2 on the retainer ring 1;
n 2: the diameter of the threaded hole is adapted to b2, the depth is adapted to a No. 3 screw plug, and the insulating plug 3 is fixed on the cathode rod 2;
k1: selecting according to the length of the hard anodic oxidation inner hole;
k2: the length of the cathode rod thread is convenient to adjust and operate;
k3: the cathode is connected for use, and the adjustment and the operation are convenient.
As shown in fig. 6, the insulating plug 3 needs to satisfy the requirements: the compressed air connector 8 is made of insulating materials, is fixed on the hard anodizing device and ensures certain air tightness. Wherein:
c 1: the value reference b1 is convenient to fix;
p 1: matching with a threaded hole n2 on the cathode rod 2;
p 2: determining according to the pipe diameter of the selected compressed air pipe and the thread numerical value of the compressed air joint;
s1: the length of p1, which is adapted to n2 in the cathode rod 2;
s2: the value is arbitrary.
As shown in fig. 7, the insulating pad 4 needs to satisfy the following requirements: is made of insulating material, and ensures that the cathode rod 2 and the conductive terminal 5 are insulated from each other. Wherein:
d 1: generally determined by the value of d2, to ensure that the cathode rod 2 and the terminal 5 remain insulated and spaced sufficiently to prevent contact with each other and short circuiting;
d 2: the value of b2 hole of reference cathode rod 2 is taken to ensure that the cathode rod can be firmly placed into b2 hole;
d 3: the value of the outer circle b1 of the reference cathode rod 2 is taken;
d 4: the compressed air stirring air outlet holes are randomly selected and uniformly distributed according to the number y2 of the holes, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions such as the size of a part;
q 1: the threaded hole is used for fixing the conductive terminal 5 and can be adjusted according to actual conditions;
t1: selecting according to actual conditions;
t2: and selecting according to actual conditions.
As shown in fig. 8, the contact terminal 5 is required to satisfy the following requirements: the anode is used for connecting and conducting the workpiece 6 with an external power supply anode and is made of titanium and titanium alloy or aluminum and aluminum alloy. Wherein:
e 1: selected according to the b2 value of the cathode rod 2;
r 1: matching with q1, and adjusting according to the actual value of q 1;
r 2: the device is used for fixing a lead and adjusting the current according to the actual oxidation current of the hard anode of the part;
w 1: the length of the thread;
w 2: and selecting according to actual conditions.
In this embodiment, a commercially available titanium alloy or stainless steel or aluminum alloy screw is used as the screw 7 for fixing the lead wire 10 to the terminal 5.
In this embodiment, the compressed air pipe joint 8 is a commercially available stainless steel quick joint.
In this example, a commercially available PU hose was used as the compressed air pipe 9.
In this embodiment, the conductive wire 10 is well conductive and insulated from the cathode, and a commercially available copper or aluminum wire with an insulating layer is preferably used.
The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention or modify equivalent embodiments using the technical content disclosed above without departing from the technical solution of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A hard anodizing device for deep holes of workpieces comprises a cathode rod (2) and is characterized in that,
the cathode rod is fixedly arranged on a retainer ring (1), the retainer ring is arranged at the end part of the deep hole, one end of the cathode rod extends into the bottom of the deep hole, and the other end of the cathode rod is exposed outside the retainer ring;
the cathode rod is a hollow tube, a compressed air joint (8) is installed at the exposed end of the cathode rod through an insulating plug (3), the inner extending end of the cathode rod is fixedly connected with a conductive end (5) through an insulating cushion block (4), a first air hole (11) is formed in the baffle ring, and a second air hole (41) is formed in the insulating cushion block;
one end of the conductive end head is abutted against the bottom surface of the deep hole, and the other end of the conductive end head is connected with an external power supply anode through a lead (10).
2. The hard anodizing device for the deep hole of the workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the retainer ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the end part of the deep hole.
3. The hard anodizing device for a deep hole of a workpiece according to claim 1, wherein said cathode rod is installed coaxially with said deep hole.
4. Hard anodizing device for deep holes in workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that said compressed air joint (8) is connected to an external compressed air source through a compressed air pipe (9).
5. The hard anodizing device for the deep hole of the workpiece according to claim 4, wherein the compressed air pipe is a PU hose.
CN202210723272.9A 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 Hard anodic oxidation device for deep hole of workpiece Active CN115125597B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210723272.9A CN115125597B (en) 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 Hard anodic oxidation device for deep hole of workpiece

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210723272.9A CN115125597B (en) 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 Hard anodic oxidation device for deep hole of workpiece

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115125597A true CN115125597A (en) 2022-09-30
CN115125597B CN115125597B (en) 2023-10-24

Family

ID=83380108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210723272.9A Active CN115125597B (en) 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 Hard anodic oxidation device for deep hole of workpiece

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN115125597B (en)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000313994A (en) * 1999-04-27 2000-11-14 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp Anodic oxidation treating device for cylindrical conductive supporting body
JP2008202135A (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-09-04 Nikon Corp Method for producing hollow member and tool for anodic oxidation treatment
CN102943295A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-02-27 东风汽车零部件(集团)有限公司 Aluminium alloy piston top and ring groove anodization method
CN106702451A (en) * 2016-11-28 2017-05-24 中航飞机起落架有限责任公司 Deep blind hole hard anodizing device and machining method of part
CN106835229A (en) * 2017-02-14 2017-06-13 哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司 A kind of tube kind part hard anodized method long
CN107217284A (en) * 2017-06-02 2017-09-29 中国航发南方工业有限公司 Deep hole aluminum component Hard anode oxidation method and its deep hole aluminum component of making
CN210596295U (en) * 2019-09-25 2020-05-22 贵州龙飞航空附件有限公司 Clamp for hard anodization of inner hole of slender part
CN114481253A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-05-13 河南平高电气股份有限公司 Method for improving in-hole anodic oxidation deep plating capacity of porous part

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000313994A (en) * 1999-04-27 2000-11-14 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp Anodic oxidation treating device for cylindrical conductive supporting body
JP2008202135A (en) * 2007-02-22 2008-09-04 Nikon Corp Method for producing hollow member and tool for anodic oxidation treatment
CN102943295A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-02-27 东风汽车零部件(集团)有限公司 Aluminium alloy piston top and ring groove anodization method
CN106702451A (en) * 2016-11-28 2017-05-24 中航飞机起落架有限责任公司 Deep blind hole hard anodizing device and machining method of part
CN106835229A (en) * 2017-02-14 2017-06-13 哈尔滨东安发动机(集团)有限公司 A kind of tube kind part hard anodized method long
CN107217284A (en) * 2017-06-02 2017-09-29 中国航发南方工业有限公司 Deep hole aluminum component Hard anode oxidation method and its deep hole aluminum component of making
CN210596295U (en) * 2019-09-25 2020-05-22 贵州龙飞航空附件有限公司 Clamp for hard anodization of inner hole of slender part
CN114481253A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-05-13 河南平高电气股份有限公司 Method for improving in-hole anodic oxidation deep plating capacity of porous part

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
董晓荣;黄娟;马利民;: "腔体类零件的硬质阳极氧化", 表面技术, no. 05, pages 85 - 88 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115125597B (en) 2023-10-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN205474073U (en) Tube -shape work piece plating jig
CN112931975A (en) Metal needle type heating body for heating cigarette
CN115125597A (en) Hard anodizing device for deep hole of workpiece
AU2021101009A4 (en) Copper graphene nanocomposite electrode
CN215958352U (en) Metal needle type heating body for heating cigarette
CN213772239U (en) High-conductivity stainless steel cathode plate of copper-clad-steel composite beam
CN210596295U (en) Clamp for hard anodization of inner hole of slender part
CN101767269A (en) Processing method for liquid-cooling anti-corrosion radiator
CN105696046A (en) Electroplating electric conducting structure for horizontal operation of roll-to-roll material belts
CN109402691A (en) A kind of aperture chrome-plating device
CN213739734U (en) Be used for axle sleeve part outside selectivity to electroplate tool
CN209227087U (en) A kind of micro-arc oxidation device
CN211311634U (en) Aluminum-based fuel pipe anodic oxidation frock
CN210518975U (en) Water-electricity connecting device for arc plasma generator
CN114016004A (en) Graphite boat front electrode transformation structure for preventing sheet falling in furnace
CN213388883U (en) Liquid cooling electrode bar for vacuum device
CN105937049A (en) Rack for anodizing
CN212122039U (en) Novel high-power gas-electricity integrated joint applied to TIG welding machine
CN105803504A (en) Anodic oxidation hanger suitable for circular workpiece and hanging method
CN209323000U (en) A kind of anode stand apparatus
CN218435977U (en) Hard oxidation tool for thin-wall long-cylinder aluminum alloy workpiece
KR101037168B1 (en) Printed circuit board and manufacturing method thereof
CN213880736U (en) Heat-dissipation fin slow-heating positioning PIN
CN211072179U (en) Argon arc welding gun with high-fusion-depth lock hole
CN213680938U (en) Processing device for improving uniformity of electroplating film layer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant