CN115124327B - 复合增塑耐火可塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
复合增塑耐火可塑料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,具体的涉及一种复合增塑耐火可塑料及其制备方法。所述的耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3‑5mm的骨料、粒径1‑3mm的骨料、粒径0.088‑1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙、羟丙基甲基纤维素、糖蜜、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝和水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土。本发明所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,保存期长,高温耐压强度和抗折强度高。本发明所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,工艺简单,参数易于控制,制备的耐火可塑料性能好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料技术领域,具体的涉及一种复合增塑耐火可塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
耐火可塑料是用耐火骨料、耐火粉料、生黏土、化学复合结合剂及外加剂,经配制混炼、挤压成砖坯状、包装储存一定时间后仍具有良好的可塑性,并可用捣固方法施工。按耐火骨料品种可分为黏土质、高铝质、莫来石质、刚玉质、铬质、碳化硅质和含锆质的耐火可塑料等。按结合剂种类可分为硫酸铝、磷酸、磷酸盐、水玻璃和树脂等结合的耐火可塑料等。耐火可塑料由于拥有优异的可塑性以及体积稳定性,被广泛应用于钢铁行业、有色行业、石化电力行业、铸造冶金行业等领域。尤其是在高温窑炉的修补过程中,耐火可塑料能够直接被用于修补施工,使用上极其方便快捷。
目前,耐火可塑料存在保存期短,抗折耐压强度偏低等问题。因此,有必要探索一种保存期长、抗折耐压强度高的耐火可塑料以及制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种复合增塑耐火可塑料。所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料可塑性能优良,保存期长且抗折耐压强度高;本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,以质量份数计,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料15~20份、粒径1-3mm的骨料15~23份、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料12~25份、粒径<0.088mm的粉料25-30份、广西白泥5-10份、二氧化硅微粉5-10份、铁蓝5-7份、草酸1~2份、柠檬酸0.5~2份、木质素磺酸钙0.5~1份、羟丙基甲基纤维素0.5~1份、糖蜜0.5~1.5份、稀磷酸5~10份、磷酸二氢铝5~10份和水0.6-1份;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土。
所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm。
所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.20~1.30g/cm³。
本发明所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料以及粒径0.088-1mm的骨料,用搅拌机搅拌均匀;
(2)按配比加入<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉以及铁蓝搅拌8~10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面;
(3)将步骤(2)制备得到的混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内密封一段时间,密封完毕后取出密封的混合物,加入草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙和羟丙基甲基纤维素进行搅拌,搅拌过程中加入糖蜜和磷酸二氢铝,然后继续搅拌一段时间;
(4)缓慢加入水并继续搅拌至块状,制备得到复合增塑耐火可塑料。
其中:
步骤(2)中所述的加入稀磷酸进行反应,以除去原料成分中的铁杂质;所述的反应温度是15-25℃。
步骤(3)中所述的在密封袋内密封24小时以上,使其继续发生化学反应除去原料成分中的铁杂质,密封完毕后取出密封的混合物,然后加入草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙和羟丙基甲基纤维素,放入搅拌机,搅拌5~8分钟,搅拌过程中加入糖蜜和磷酸二氢铝,然后继续搅拌7~10分钟。
步骤(4)中所述的搅拌时间为2~3分钟。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,使用草酸、糖蜜、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙、羟丙基甲基纤维素五种不同类型的外加剂混合作为耐火可塑料的复合增塑剂,使用稀磷酸和磷酸二氢铝作为耐火可塑料的高温胶粘剂。稀磷酸和磷酸二氢铝作为胶粘剂易于混炼、成型,特别适宜于现场施工。草酸不仅起到了增塑的作用,还能防止或延缓困料过程中原料之间的硬化反应,同时抑制了磷酸盐的生成,延长了耐火可塑料的保存期。糖蜜中含有草酸等有机酸,抑制了磷酸盐生成的同时,糖蜜还有胶粘剂的作用,它赋予了结合剂与原材料间更充分的分散与润湿时间,使其结合性和黏塑性得到了良好发挥,从而改善和提高耐火可塑料的高温性能。木质素磺酸钙利用其自身粘合剂的特点,能显著改善耐火可塑料的性能,并有减水、增强、防止龟裂等良好效果,同时木质素磺酸钙还可作为耐火可塑料的增塑剂,提高耐火可塑料的可塑性,延长其保存期。柠檬酸在耐火材料中起到缓凝剂和保水剂的作用,可以延缓耐火可塑料的硬化,从而提高使用寿命。羟丙基甲基纤维素的保水性能使浆料在涂抹后不会因干得太快而龟裂,增强硬化后强度,与上述木质素磺酸钙、柠檬酸之间形成了一种协同配合的作用。五种外加剂混合成一种复合增塑剂,大大提高了耐火可塑料的强度、可塑性等性能,并延长了其保存期。
(2)本发明所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,保存期长,高温耐压强度和抗折强度高。
(3)本发明所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,工艺简单,参数易于控制,制备的耐火可塑料性能好,适宜在业界普及推广。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
本实施例1所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙、羟丙基甲基纤维素、糖蜜、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝、水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
本实施例1所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的优质铝矾土颗粒150g,粒径1-3mm的优质铝矾土颗粒150g,粒径0.088-1mm的优质铝矾土颗粒180g,用搅拌机先搅拌一分钟至大致均匀。
(2)加入290g粒径<0.088mm的铝矾土,50g广西白泥,80g二氧化硅微粉,60g铁蓝于25℃下搅拌10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入38.5ml稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面。
(3)将混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内密封24小时,密封24小时后取出密封后的混合物,加入10g草酸,15g柠檬酸,5g木质素磺酸钙和5g羟丙基甲基纤维素,放入搅拌机,搅拌8分钟,搅拌过程中加入5ml糖蜜,33.8ml磷酸二氢铝(密度为1.48g/cm3,生产厂家为郑州育才磷酸盐化工厂),再搅拌10分钟。
(4)缓慢加入10ml的水搅拌3min,待耐火可塑料搅拌至块状停止,将其取出,制备得到复合增塑耐火可塑料。
实施例2
本实施例2所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙、羟丙基甲基纤维素、糖蜜、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝、水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
本实施例2所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的优质铝矾土颗粒200g,粒径1-3mm的优质铝矾土颗粒180g,粒径0.088-1mm的优质铝矾土颗粒120g,用搅拌机先搅拌两分钟至大致均匀。
(2)加入300g粒径<0.088mm的铝矾土,70g广西白泥,100g二氧化硅微粉,70g铁蓝于20℃下搅拌10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入53.8ml稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面。
(3)将混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内进行密封30小时,密封30小时后取出密封后的混合物,加入15g草酸,15g柠檬酸,7g木质素磺酸钙,10g羟丙基甲基纤维素,放入搅拌机,搅拌8分钟,搅拌过程中加入5ml糖蜜,47.3ml磷酸二氢铝,再搅拌8分钟。
(4)缓慢加入8ml的水搅拌3分钟,待耐火可塑料搅拌至块状停止,将其取出,制备得到复合增塑耐火可塑料。
实施例3
本实施例3所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙、羟丙基甲基纤维素、糖蜜、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝、水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
本实施例3所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的优质铝矾土颗粒170g,粒径1-3mm的优质铝矾土颗粒200g,粒径0.088-1mm的优质铝矾土颗粒220g,用搅拌机先搅拌一分钟至大致均匀。
(2)加入250g粒径<0.088mm的铝矾土,80g广西白泥,50g二氧化硅微粉,50g铁蓝于15℃下搅拌9分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入65.4ml稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面。
(3)将混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内进行密封30小时,密封30小时后取出密封后的混合物,加入20g草酸,5g柠檬酸,10g木质素磺酸钙,7g羟丙基甲基纤维素,放入搅拌机,搅拌5分钟,搅拌过程中加入10ml糖蜜,67.6ml磷酸二氢铝,再搅拌8分钟。
(4)缓慢加入7ml的水搅拌2min,待耐火可塑料搅拌至块状停止,将其取出,制备得到复合增塑耐火可塑料。
实施例4
本实施例4所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙、羟丙基甲基纤维素、糖蜜、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝、水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
本实施例4所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的优质铝矾土颗粒150g,粒径1-3mm的优质铝矾土颗粒230g,粒径0.088-1mm的优质铝矾土颗粒250g,用搅拌机先搅拌一分钟至大致均匀。
(2)加入250g粒径<0.088mm的优质铝矾土,100g广西白泥,70g二氧化硅微粉,60g铁蓝于25℃下搅拌9分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入76.9ml稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面。
(3)将混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内进行密封24小时,密封24小时后取出密封后的混合物,加入10g草酸,10g柠檬酸,5g木质素磺酸钙,5g羟丙基甲基纤维素,放入搅拌机,搅拌7分钟,搅拌过程中加入15ml糖蜜,54.1ml磷酸二氢铝,再搅拌7分钟。
(4)缓慢加入6ml的水搅拌2分钟,待耐火可塑料搅拌至块状停止,将其取出,制备得到复合增塑耐火可塑料。
对比例1
本对比例1所述的耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝、水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
本对比例1所述的耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的优质铝矾土颗粒170g,粒径1-3mm的优质铝矾土颗粒160g,粒径0.088-1mm的优质铝矾土颗粒200g,用搅拌机先搅拌一分钟至大致均匀。
(2)加入290g粒径<0.088mm的粉料,50g广西白泥,80g二氧化硅微粉,60g铁蓝于25℃搅拌10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入38.5ml稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面。
(3)将混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内进行密封24小时,密封24小时后取出密封后的混合物,加入10g草酸,15g柠檬酸,5g木质素磺酸钙,放入搅拌机,搅拌8分钟,搅拌过程中加入33.8ml磷酸二氢铝,再搅拌10分钟。
(4)缓慢加入10ml的水搅拌3min,待耐火可塑料搅拌至块状停止,将其取出,制备得到耐火可塑料。
对比例2
本对比例2所述的耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、草酸、木质素磺酸钙、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝、水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
本对比例2所述的耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的优质铝矾土颗粒170g,粒径1-3mm的优质铝矾土颗粒160g,粒径0.088-1mm的优质铝矾土颗粒200g,用搅拌机先搅拌一分钟至大致均匀。
(2)加入290g粒径<0.088mm的粉料,50g广西白泥,80g二氧化硅微粉,60g铁蓝搅拌10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入38.5ml稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面。
(3)将混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内密封24小时,密封24小时后取出密封后的混合物,加入10g草酸,10g木质素磺酸钙,放入搅拌机,搅拌8分钟,搅拌过程中加入33.8ml磷酸二氢铝,再搅拌10分钟。
(4)缓慢加入10ml的水搅拌3min,待耐火可塑料搅拌至块状停止,将其取出,制备得到耐火可塑料。
对比例3
本对比例3所述的耐火可塑料,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料、粒径<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉、铁蓝、稀磷酸、磷酸二氢铝、水;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
本对比例3所述的耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的优质铝矾土颗粒150g,粒径1-3mm的优质铝矾土颗粒150g,粒径0.088-1mm的优质铝矾土颗粒180g,用搅拌机先搅拌一分钟至大致均匀。
(2)加入290g粒径<0.088mm的铝矾土,50g广西白泥,80g二氧化硅微粉,60g铁蓝搅拌10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入38.5ml稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面。
(3)将混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内密封24小时,密封24小时后取出密封后的混合物,放入搅拌机,搅拌8分钟,搅拌过程中加入33.8ml磷酸二氢铝,再搅拌10分钟。
(4)缓慢加入10ml的水搅拌3min,待耐火可塑料搅拌至块状停止,将其取出,制备得到耐火可塑料。
对实施例1-4以及对比例1-3制备的耐火可塑料进行性能测试,结果如下表1所示:
表1 耐火可塑料性能检测结果
Claims (6)
1.一种复合增塑耐火可塑料,其特征在于:以质量份数计,由以下原料组成:粒径3-5mm的骨料15~20份、粒径1-3mm的骨料15~23份、粒径0.088-1mm的骨料12~25份、粒径<0.088mm的粉料25-30份、广西白泥5-10份、二氧化硅微粉5-10份、铁蓝5-7份、草酸1~2份、柠檬酸0.5~2份、木质素磺酸钙0.5~1份、羟丙基甲基纤维素0.5~1份、糖蜜0.5~1.5份、稀磷酸5~10份、磷酸二氢铝5~10份和水0.6-1份;所述的骨料和粉料均为铝矾土;
所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料以及粒径0.088-1mm的骨料,用搅拌机搅拌均匀;
(2)按配比加入<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉以及铁蓝搅拌8~10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面;
(3)将步骤(2)制备得到的混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内密封一段时间,密封完毕后取出密封的混合物,加入草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙和羟丙基甲基纤维素进行搅拌,搅拌过程中加入糖蜜和磷酸二氢铝,然后继续搅拌一段时间;
(4)加入水并继续搅拌至块状,制备得到复合增塑耐火可塑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料,其特征在于:所述的二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤1μm;所述的稀磷酸的密度为1.30g/cm³。
3.一种权利要求1所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:由以下步骤组成:
(1)按配比称取粒径3-5mm的骨料、粒径1-3mm的骨料以及粒径0.088-1mm的骨料,用搅拌机搅拌均匀;
(2)按配比加入<0.088mm的粉料、广西白泥、二氧化硅微粉以及铁蓝搅拌8~10分钟,并在搅拌的过程中加入稀磷酸进行胶合,使粉料包裹在骨料表面;
(3)将步骤(2)制备得到的混合物装入密封袋中,在密封袋内密封一段时间,密封完毕后取出密封的混合物,加入草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙和羟丙基甲基纤维素进行搅拌,搅拌过程中加入糖蜜和磷酸二氢铝,然后继续搅拌一段时间;
(4)加入水并继续搅拌至块状,制备得到复合增塑耐火可塑料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中反应温度是15-25℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中在密封袋内密封24小时以上,密封完毕后取出密封的混合物,然后加入草酸、柠檬酸、木质素磺酸钙和羟丙基甲基纤维素,放入搅拌机,搅拌5~8分钟,搅拌过程中加入糖蜜、磷酸二氢铝,然后继续搅拌7~10分钟。
6.根据权利要求3所述的复合增塑耐火可塑料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中搅拌时间为2~3分钟。
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