CN115124124A - Black water coagulation anaerobic fermentation method and system based on plant flocculant - Google Patents
Black water coagulation anaerobic fermentation method and system based on plant flocculant Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5263—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using natural chemical compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
A method and a system for black water coagulation anaerobic fermentation based on plant flocculant comprise: adding a plant flocculant into the black water, forming a coagulating sedimentation product after flocculation and sedimentation, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the coagulating sedimentation product to generate methane, biogas residues and fermentation liquor. The treatment system comprises a dosing tank, a coagulating sedimentation tank, an anaerobic reactor and a secondary sedimentation tank. The black water enters a coagulating sedimentation unit, plant seeds are added as a flocculating agent for coagulation, most COD is concentrated in the coagulated sludge, the concentrated solution obtained after precipitation separation enters an anaerobic fermentation unit, and the biogas is produced through degradation of organic matters in a medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation environment, so that the biogas volume gas production rate can be obviously improved, and the problems of increase of the residual sludge amount, harmful byproducts and the like caused by adopting other inorganic flocculating agents can be avoided. The treatment system is used for treating the black water, improves the organic matter concentration of the concentrate, improves the C/N ratio and can realize the high-efficiency treatment of the black water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of domestic sewage resource utilization, and particularly relates to a black water coagulation anaerobic fermentation system based on a plant flocculant.
Background
The domestic sewage source separation technology is a technology which divides domestic sewage into grey water with low pollutant content and rich potential water resources according to the sewage generation place and the pollution degree, collects the black water with low water content and higher organic matter content and nitrogen and phosphorus components separately at the generation source, and conveys the black water to corresponding treatment systems respectively so as to avoid cross pollution among different water qualities and simultaneously facilitate separate recycling of resources and energy sources in the grey water.
The black water for toilet consists of excrement, urine, toilet paper and flushing water. The black water contains main organic matters and nutrient substances in the total load of the domestic sewage. Researches show that the TS concentration of black water is generally less than 1% due to dilution of washing water, and the C/N ratio is about 4.5, so that the optimal C/N ratio beneficial to anaerobic fermentation gas production is 20-30. The black water has the characteristics of low C/N ratio and high free ammonia content, and the effect of recycling the black water by anaerobic fermentation is limited.
The flocculating agent carries out flocculation treatment on the sewage through mechanisms of charge neutralization, bridging, rolling and sweeping and net catching, and precipitates under the action of gravity to form coagulated sludge, so that the effect of carbon concentration can be realized. Although the inorganic flocculant is widely applied to sewage precipitation, the inorganic flocculant needs larger usage amount and generates a large amount of sludge and metal ions; the synthesized organic flocculant has high flocculation speed, small dosage and low sludge yield, but the produced by-product is often toxic, and the application of carbon concentration by coagulating sedimentation is limited.
A large number of researches show that the components of plant seeds (such as moringa seeds, corns and the like) have high flocculation activity, the volume of sludge generated after coagulation treatment is small, toxic and harmful byproducts are not generated, and the plant seeds have the characteristics of safety to human beings and the environment, rich raw material sources, low price, easiness in biodegradation and wide application prospect.
Although the research and application of anaerobic fermentation in China have been developed to a certain extent, the concentration of organic matters in sewage is low, hydrolytic acidification bacteria and methanogen are sensitive to reaction conditions, the energy consumption of a system is higher than that of the yield, the application of anaerobic fermentation in sewage treatment still has the problems of low reaction efficiency and high energy consumption of the system at present, and the practical application is greatly limited.
Therefore, the development of a high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption treatment system for treating the black water with low C/N ratio and high ammonia nitrogen is necessary.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned background.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the gas production efficiency of the black water anaerobic fermentation, change waste into valuable and purify the environment.
To achieve the object of the present invention, the following method is employed.
A method of treating black water, comprising: adding a plant flocculant into the black water, forming a coagulating sedimentation product after flocculation and sedimentation, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the coagulating sedimentation product to generate methane, biogas residues and fermentation liquor.
After the black water is treated by the method, the sludge reduction effect is improved, and the efficiency of producing the methane can be greatly improved. In addition, plant seeds are used as a flocculating agent of the coagulating sedimentation unit, so that the flocculating effect is good, the product is degradable, and no heavy metal is produced additionally.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system for treating black water according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The black water treatment method of the present application is described in further detail below. And do not limit the scope of the present application, which is defined by the claims. Certain disclosed specific details provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, with other materials, etc.
Unless the context requires otherwise, in the description and claims, the terms "comprise," comprises, "and" comprising "are to be construed in an open-ended, inclusive sense, i.e., as" including, but not limited to.
In the present specification, the numerical range represented by "a numerical value a to B numerical value B" means a range including the end point numerical value A, B.
In the present specification, the numerical ranges indicated by "above" or "below" mean the numerical ranges including the present numbers.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment," "one embodiment/preferred embodiment," "another embodiment/preferred embodiment," or "certain embodiments," etc., means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, or characteristic) described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, "an embodiment," "another embodiment," or "certain embodiments" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiments. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Each feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by an alternative feature serving the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, the features disclosed are merely generic examples of equivalent or similar features.
The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers. All percentages, ratios, proportions, or parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.
Defining:
"Black water" refers to a mixture comprising human waste (e.g., toilet flush water including human feces and human urine mixture) wherein the Total Solids (TS) concentration is less than 1 wt% and the C/N ratio is about 4.5.
The "carbon-nitrogen ratio" refers to the mass ratio of carbon element and nitrogen element.
"MLSS" refers to the concentration of suspended solids in the mixed liquor in general. The concentration of the suspended solid in the mixed liquid refers to the amount of the suspended solid in the mixed liquid after the sewage and the activated sludge in the aeration tank are mixed, and the unit is (mg/L).
"TS" refers to total solids and refers to the total amount of solids remaining after evaporation of the sample to constant weight at a certain temperature
"VS" refers to volatile solids and refers to the amount of organic in suspension, colloid, or dissolved material in the sample.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The detection method of each parameter adopts an industry standard method. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of the present application. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are intended to be exemplary only.
First aspectA method of treating black water, comprising: adding a plant flocculant into the black water, forming a coagulating sedimentation product after flocculation and sedimentation, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the coagulating sedimentation product to generate methane, biogas residues and fermentation liquor.
In the present application, the black water has a Total Solids (TS) concentration of less than 1 wt% and a C/N ratio of 2 to 6.
The plant flocculant comprises a pure natural organic polymer flocculant and a natural organic polymer modified flocculant. The natural organic polymeric flocculant is preferably used in the application. Various forms of plant flocculants may be used including processing the raw materials into dry powders, aqueous extracts, gels and the like.
The natural organic polymer contains active groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and the like, and shows stronger chemical properties, and the groups are the core of the flocculation effect of the natural organic polymer flocculant. The roots, stems and leaf parts, seeds and mucus of pure natural plants are raw materials of natural organic polymeric flocculants, and rich active groups in the natural organic polymeric flocculants have adsorption effect on colloidal particles. In general, raw materials are processed to prepare plant flocculants in three forms of dry powder, aqueous extract and gel, and the characteristics of different raw materials cause different optimal preparation forms.
The natural organic polymer modified flocculant is obtained by chemically modifying various active groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl and the like in natural organic matters. The chemical modification modes mainly comprise etherification, esterification, crosslinking, oxidation, graft copolymerization and the like so as to increase the active groups of the flocculant, improve the molecular weight and further improve the flocculation capability. The natural organic polymer modified flocculant is classified according to the source of raw materials, and mainly comprises starch, cellulose, vegetable gum, chitosan and lignin.
In one embodiment, the plant flocculant of the present application is selected from plant seed extracts, such as extracts of moringa oleifera seeds, goldenrain seeds, artemisia desertorum seeds, and the like.
The plant seed extract comprises an extract solution, and an aqueous extract solution or an alcoholic extract solution can be prepared by the method disclosed in the prior art.
In some embodiments, a method of preparing an aqueous extract of plant seeds comprises: mixing the powder of dry plant seeds with water at room temperature, and filtering to remove solid substances to obtain filtrate as plant seed water extractive solution.
The mixing time of the plant seed powder and the water is controlled to be 15 min-2 h.
The ratio of the weight of the plant seed powder to the volume of the water is 1: 5-1: 20 g/L.
The water extract of the plant seeds prepared by the method is mixed with the black water, so that solid matters in the black water with low solid content can be coagulated and precipitated. The sediment obtained by coagulating sedimentation of the water extract can be used for anaerobic fermentation to prepare methane.
The particle size of the seed powder is usually 0.2mm (80 mesh) or less.
In some embodiments, the amount of black water is related to the amount of plant seed extract
0.01-0.5 g of water extract of moringa seeds (dry weight)/5 g of black water (dry weight).
And standing the mixture after the coagulation treatment. Precipitating the aggregate to obtain the aggregate and supernatant.
In some embodiments, in the flocculation process, the stirring mode comprises two stages, a first stage and then a second stage, wherein the stirring rate of the first stage is greater than the stirring rate of the second stage.
In the first stage, the extract of the plant seeds is added to black water. Under the relatively large stirring speed, the extract of the plant seeds is quickly and uniformly dispersed into the black water.
Preferably, the stirring speed of the first stage is controlled to be 120-250 r/min.
After the extract of plant seed and black water homogeneous mixing, reduce stirring rate, grow the tiny flocculating constituent that generates into thick, closely knit flocculating constituent, do benefit to the effect of sediment in order to realize better solid-liquid separation.
The stirring speed of the second stage is controlled to be 40-80 r/min.
The flocculation process is generally carried out at room temperature, i.e. 25 ℃. + -. 3 ℃.
In certain embodiments, the precipitated coagulants are inoculated with activated sludge for anaerobic fermentation.
The inoculated activated sludge is taken from a well-operated medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation reactor and is a mixed flora which mainly comprises hydrolytic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Inoculating activated sludge TS: 3-10 wt%, VS/TS 40 wt% -70 wt%.
In some embodiments, the ratio of inoculated sludge to black water is from 1:1 to 3:1 (VS).
The source of the inoculated sludge of the present application can be activated sludge of domestic sewage sludge, industrial wastewater sludge or feedwater sludge.
Carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the aggregate at the temperature of 36-38 ℃. The anaerobic fermentation described above can produce biogas. Compared with the method that the anaerobic fermentation is directly carried out on the black water, the anaerobic fermentation gas production rate is improved by more than 100 percent after the plant seed extract is added as the flocculating agent for the pre-flocculation.
In certain embodiments, the period of anaerobic fermentation is 20-35 days.
In certain embodiments, the solid residue is subjected to anaerobic fermentation with a substrate solids content of 2%.
The biogas thus produced contains about 78% methane and 20% carbon dioxide. The above percentages are volume ratios.
The black water treatment method described above may be performed in the following treatment system.
On the other handA black water treatment system, comprising: the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank is connected with the anaerobic fermentation reactor, and the anaerobic fermentation reactor is connected with the secondary sedimentation tank.
Furthermore, the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank is connected with the anaerobic fermentation reactor through a first sludge pump, and the anaerobic fermentation reactor is connected with the secondary sedimentation tank through a second sludge pump. The system feeds water through a sewage pump and discharges biogas residues through a third sludge pump.
In an embodiment, the top of the sequencing batch coagulative precipitation tank is provided with a black water inlet and a flocculant feeding port, the side wall of the tank body is provided with a supernatant discharge port, and the lower end of the tank body is provided with a coagulative precipitation sludge discharge port.
The side wall of the anaerobic reactor is provided with a coagulating sedimentation sludge inlet port and a fermentation liquor outlet port, and the upper part of the reactor is provided with a methane outlet port.
A fermentation liquid inlet port is arranged in the liquid level of the secondary sedimentation tank, a supernatant liquid outlet port is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, and a biogas residue outlet port is arranged at the lower end of the tank body.
In certain embodiments, the sequencing batch coagulative precipitation tank is internally provided with a stirring device. Used for stirring the black water in the coagulating sedimentation tank.
Furthermore, a rotary decanter is arranged on the side wall of the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank. Used for emptying supernatant in the tank on the premise of not stirring the sediment in the tank.
Furthermore, the operation cycle of the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank is divided into three stages of rapid stirring, slow stirring and standing sedimentation.
Further, a stirring device is provided in the anaerobic fermentation reactor. Is used for stirring the fermentation liquor in the anaerobic fermentation reactor.
Further, the biogas residues are discharged through a biogas residue discharge port, and resource utilization or discharge is carried out after stabilization treatment.
And further, the supernatant is discharged from the supernatant discharge ports of the coagulating sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank and then mixed, and is discharged into a subsequent treatment system for recycling or discharging after reaching the standard.
Furthermore, the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank and the anaerobic reactor are provided with liquid level controllers, and the automatic water inlet, outlet and water shortage protection functions can be realized through signal transmission between the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank and the electromagnetic valve.
The stirring device, the rotary decanter and the pumps for various purposes all adopt the equipment disclosed in the prior art.
Specifically, the method for black water treatment in combination with the black water treatment system comprises the following steps:
1) adding black water into a sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank, and generating a flocculating body after three stages of rapid stirring, slow stirring and standing sedimentation under the action of a flocculant added into the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank, precipitating and forming coagulating sedimentation sludge, and discharging supernatant through a supernatant discharge port;
2) conveying the coagulating sedimentation sludge into an anaerobic reactor, performing anaerobic fermentation reaction in the anaerobic reactor under the condition of stirring, collecting the generated biogas through a biogas discharge port, and allowing the generated biogas slurry to enter a secondary sedimentation tank through a fermentation liquid discharge port;
3) and (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the fermentation liquor in a secondary sedimentation tank, discharging a liquid part above the secondary sedimentation tank through a supernatant liquid discharge port, precipitating a solid part to the lower part of the secondary sedimentation tank and discharging the solid part out of the secondary sedimentation tank, and performing resource utilization or discharge after stabilization treatment.
More specifically, a method of black water treatment comprising:
1) the coagulating sedimentation tank operates in a sequencing batch mode and is divided into five stages of water feeding, rapid stirring and medicine feeding, slow stirring, standing sedimentation and water and sludge discharging. Black water is discharged into a sequencing batch coagulative precipitation tank through a sewage pump, under the action of a flocculating agent added through a dosing pump, flocculating constituents are generated after three stages of rapid stirring, slow stirring and standing precipitation, coagulative precipitation sludge is formed through precipitation, and supernatant is discharged through a supernatant discharge port;
2) discharging the coagulated sludge into a reactor through a first sludge pump, stirring by a stirring device, performing anaerobic fermentation reaction in an anaerobic reactor, and collecting the generated biogas and fermentation liquor through a biogas discharge port;
3) and the fermentation liquor is discharged from the fermentation liquor discharge port, is discharged into the secondary sedimentation tank through the second sludge pump and undergoes solid-liquid separation, the liquid part is discharged from the upper part of the secondary sedimentation tank through the supernatant liquid discharge port, the solid part is precipitated to the lower part of the secondary sedimentation tank and is discharged as residual sludge through the conveying of the third sludge pump, and the residual sludge is subjected to stabilization treatment and then is subjected to resource utilization or discharge.
According to the black water coagulation anaerobic fermentation system based on the plant seeds as the flocculating agent, black water is supplied to the coagulation precipitation unit for coagulation precipitation to generate supernatant and a coagulation precipitate, the coagulation precipitate enriches COD (chemical oxygen demand) in the black water, an obtained concentrated solution is supplied to the anaerobic fermentation unit for anaerobic digestion reaction to generate biogas, the biogas is collected for resource recycling, biogas slurry and biogas residues enter a secondary sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation to obtain the supernatant and the biogas residues, and the biogas, the supernatant and the biogas residues generated by the system are collected and treated for resource utilization. Compared with the method of directly carrying out anaerobic fermentation on black water, the method has the advantages that the plant seeds with higher COD/N are used as the flocculating agent for coagulation pretreatment, the organic matter concentration is improved, the energy consumption is lower, and the resource utilization rate is higher.
Has the advantages that: the invention constructs a black water coagulation anaerobic fermentation system based on plant seeds as flocculating agents, and the system is a new method for black water treatment, so that the sludge reduction effect is improved, the operation energy consumption is reduced, the resource utilization rate is improved, and the gas production efficiency can be improved by over 100 percent. The plant seeds are used as the flocculating agent of the coagulating sedimentation unit, the flocculating effect is good, the product is degradable, no heavy metal is additionally produced, and the gas production efficiency of anaerobic fermentation is greatly improved. The problems of increased residual sludge amount, harmful byproducts and the like caused by adopting other inorganic flocculants are avoided.
The following specific examples are used to further illustrate the treatment method of black water and the technical effects obtained.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a black water coagulation anaerobic fermentation system based on plant seeds as flocculant of the present invention, the system comprises: the system comprises a sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank 1, an anaerobic fermentation reactor 2, a secondary sedimentation tank 3, a dosing tank 4, a stirring device (5-7), a decanter 8, liquid level controllers (9,10), a dosing pump 11, a sewage pump 12, a first sludge pump 13, a second sludge pump 14, a third sludge pump 15, electromagnetic valves (16-22, 24) and a valve 23. The stirring devices (5-7) are respectively arranged in the sequencing batch coagulative precipitation tank 1, the anaerobic fermentation reactor 2 and the dosing tank 4 and are used for stirring black water in the coagulative precipitation tank 1, fermentation liquor in the anaerobic fermentation reactor 2 and a flocculating agent in the dosing tank 4.
The coagulating sludge discharged from the coagulating sedimentation tank 1 is connected with the anaerobic fermentation reactor 2 through a first sludge pump 13, the coagulating sludge discharge port is positioned at the lower end of the tank body of the coagulating sedimentation tank 1, and the coagulating sludge discharge port is positioned on the side wall of the anaerobic fermentation reactor 2. Fermentation liquor discharged from the anaerobic fermentation reactor 2 is connected with the secondary sedimentation tank 3 through a second sludge pump 14, a fermentation liquor discharge port is positioned on the side wall of the anaerobic reactor 2, and a fermentation liquor discharge port is positioned below the liquid level of the secondary sedimentation tank 3. And the biogas residues discharged from the secondary sedimentation tank 3 are discharged from a biogas residue discharge port at the lower end of the tank body of the secondary sedimentation tank 3 as excess sludge.
The sequencing batch type coagulating sedimentation tank has four stages of water inlet, rapid stirring (200r/min,3min), slow stirring (50r/min,10min), standing sedimentation for 2h and water and sludge discharge, in the rapid stirring stage, a moringa seed flocculating agent in a dosing tank 4 is thrown into the coagulating sedimentation tank through a dosing pump 11 to generate a flocculating body, the flocculating body is precipitated to the bottom of the tank under the action of gravity to become coagulating sedimentation sludge, and supernatant is discharged from a supernatant discharge port under the action of a decanter 8.
The coagulating sedimentation sludge enters the anaerobic fermentation reactor 2 through the first sludge pump 13, anaerobic fermentation reaction is carried out in the anaerobic fermentation reactor 2 through the stirring of the stirring device 6, the generated biogas is collected through a biogas discharge port, and the generated fermentation liquid is discharged through a fermentation liquid discharge port.
And the fermentation liquor enters the secondary sedimentation tank 3 through a second sludge pump 14, solid-liquid separation is carried out under the action of gravity, the supernatant is discharged through a supernatant discharge port, and the settled biogas residues are discharged as residual sludge.
The system diagram of black water treatment of the present application is shown in fig. 1.
Example 1
Sources of the raw materials in this example:
black water: the black water comes from 12-layer toilets in civil and environmental engineering buildings;
the flocculating agent adopts moringa seeds as raw materials, and is from Africa;
the inoculated sludge is taken from a pilot-scale anaerobic fermentation device taking waste activated sludge as a matrix, and the test device is positioned in a sewage treatment plant of a high praise shop in the sunward area of Beijing.
The volume of each pool body is as follows: medicine adding pot (4) -0.5m 3 (ii) a Coagulating sedimentation tank (1) -3m 3 (ii) a Anaerobic fermentation tank (2) -3m 3 (ii) a Secondary sedimentation tank (3) -2m 3 . The pool body is made of cast iron, and the pipe is made of a PVC pipe. Except the valve (23), the other valves are controlled by electromagnetic relays.
The black water property index used in the test is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
The properties of the inoculated sludge used in the test are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2
| Index (es) | TS(％) | VS(％) | pH |
| 6％ | 48.8％ | 7.5 |
Preparing a flocculating agent: shelling moringa seeds, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to prepare moringa seed powder. Adding 100mL of distilled water into 10mg of moringa seed powder, fully stirring for 30min, and filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely a moringa seed crude-extraction flocculating agent.
Coagulation: the black water is discharged into the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation pond through the sewage pump, stops intaking when the black water volume reaches 70% of cell body, and the peppery wooden seed that will dispose crusts and extracts flocculating agent, plant seed: black water 0.12: 5 (dry weight) is added into the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank through a flocculating agent adding port, the adding amount is three steps of rapid stirring (200r/min,3min), slow stirring (50r/min,10min) and standing sedimentation (2h) every time, water and sludge are discharged after each coagulation batch is finished, the turbidity of the supernatant of the coagulating sedimentation tank reaches 75 percent removal rate, the C/N ratio of the coagulating sedimentation sludge reaches 15, TS reaches 2 percent, and the material condition suitable for anaerobic fermentation is achieved. The average sludge amount of the coagulating sedimentation per batch can reach 0.2m 3 And conveying the mixture into an anaerobic fermentation tank for later use.
Anaerobic fermentation: when the volume of the sludge entering the anaerobic fermentation tank reaches 20 percent (0.6 m) 3 ) And when the process is carried out (namely three coagulation batches are operated), stopping the operation of the coagulation sedimentation tank and starting to enter an anaerobic fermentation stage. 50% by volume (1.5 m) was added to the fermenter 3 ) The inoculated sludge is fully and uniformly stirred, nitrogen is filled for ten minutes to remove residual air in the fermentation tank, the temperature is controlled to be 37 +/-1 ℃ for culturing for 30 days, the biogas yield and the component content thereof are continuously collected and monitored during the culturing, and the total biogas yield reaches 720 mL/gVS. After the gas production is finished, discharging fermentation liquor in the anaerobic fermentation tank, putting the fermentation liquor into a secondary sedimentation tank, standing and precipitating for 8 hours, and finishing primary coagulation-anaerobic fermentation-secondary sedimentationAnd (6) processing. The color of the discharged biogas residue is black after treatment, and the color of the biogas slurry is tan. The water content of the biogas residues reaches 78 percent, the water content of the biogas slurry reaches 99 percent, the pH value of the biogas residues is 7.8, the pH value of the biogas slurry is 7.2, the total nutrient content of a dry base sample of the biogas residues is 6.2 percent, and the organic matter content is 38 percent. The total nutrient content of the fresh base sample of the biogas slurry is 0.24%. The product meets the technical specification of biogas residue and biogas slurry application (NY/T2065-2011).
The supernatant liquid still needs subsequent stabilization treatment (such as filtration, disinfection and the like) to be recycled or directly discharged, and the discharge index is not set at this stage.
Example 2
The properties of the black water and activated sludge of the examples are referred to in example 1.
Preparing a flocculating agent: shelling Moringa seed, pulverizing, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and making into Moringa seed powder. Adding 100mL of distilled water into 10mg of moringa seed powder, fully stirring for 30min, and filtering to obtain a filtrate, namely the moringa seed crude extract flocculant.
Coagulation: and (2) putting the prepared crude moringa seed extract into black water, wherein the ratio of the dry weight of the crude moringa seed extract to the dry weight of the black water is 0.05: 5, stirring the mixed solution for 3min at the rotating speed of 200r/min, stirring for 10min at the rotating speed of 50r/min, standing for 2h, precipitating the aggregate, and allowing the C/N ratio of the coagulating sedimentation sludge to reach 15 and the TS to reach 2%.
Anaerobic fermentation: separating the coagulating sedimentation sludge, placing the coagulating sedimentation sludge in an anaerobic fermentation tank, and adding inoculated activated sludge for anaerobic fermentation. Wherein the ratio of sludge inoculation to black water is 2: 1 (calculated according to VS), the temperature is controlled at 37 +/-1 ℃ for culturing for 30 days, the biogas is continuously produced, and the total biogas yield reaches 674 mL/gVS. The biogas is about 78% methane and 20% carbon dioxide.
Claims (10)
1. A method of treating black water comprising: adding a plant flocculant into the black water, forming a coagulating sedimentation product after flocculation and sedimentation, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the coagulating sedimentation product to generate methane, biogas residues and fermentation liquor.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the Total Solids (TS) concentration in the black water is less than 1 wt% and the C/N ratio is 2 to 6.
3. The treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant flocculant comprises a pure natural organic polymer flocculant and a natural organic polymer modified flocculant;
preferably, a natural organic polymeric flocculant is used, comprising: processing the raw materials into dry powder, water extract and gel;
more preferably, the plant flocculant is selected from plant seed extracts, plant seeds comprising: extracts of Moringa seed, goldenrain tree seed, and Artemisia desertorum seed.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the preparation of the aqueous extract of plant seeds comprises: mixing the powder of the dry plant seeds with water at room temperature, and filtering to remove solid substances to obtain filtrate as plant seed water extract;
preferably, the mixing time of the plant seed powder and the water is controlled to be 15 min-2 h;
preferably, the ratio of the weight of the plant seed powder to the volume of the water is 1: 5-1: 20 g/L.
5. The treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the flocculation process, a stirring mode comprising two stages is adopted, wherein the first stage is firstly carried out, and then the second stage is carried out, wherein the stirring speed of the first stage is greater than that of the second stage;
preferably, the stirring speed in the first stage is controlled to be 120-250 r/min, and the stirring speed in the second stage is controlled to be 40-80 r/min.
6. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the activated sludge is inoculated into the coagulated precipitate for anaerobic fermentation.
7. The treatment method according to claim 6, wherein the ratio of the inoculated sludge to the black water is 1:1 to 3:1 in VS.
8. The treatment method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in the activated sludge, the ratio of TS: 3-10 wt%, VS/TS 40 wt% -70 wt%.
9. The treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the coagulating sedimentation is subjected to anaerobic fermentation at a temperature of 36 to 38 ℃.
10. A method of black water treatment comprising:
1) the coagulating sedimentation tank operates in a sequencing batch mode and comprises the steps of water feeding, medicine adding, rapid stirring, slow stirring, standing sedimentation and sludge discharging, black water is discharged into the sequencing batch coagulating sedimentation tank through a sewage pump, under the action of a flocculating agent added through a medicine adding pump, flocculating constituents are generated after three stages of rapid stirring, slow stirring and standing sedimentation, coagulating sedimentation sludge is formed through sedimentation, and supernatant is discharged through a supernatant discharge port;
2) discharging the coagulated sludge into a reactor through a first sludge pump, stirring the coagulated sludge by a stirring device, performing anaerobic fermentation reaction in an anaerobic reactor to generate biogas and fermentation liquor, and collecting the biogas through a biogas discharge port;
3) and the fermentation liquor is discharged from the fermentation liquor discharge port, is discharged into the secondary sedimentation tank through the second sludge pump and undergoes solid-liquid separation, the liquid part is discharged from the upper part of the secondary sedimentation tank through the supernatant liquid discharge port, the solid part is precipitated to the lower part of the secondary sedimentation tank and is discharged as residual sludge through the conveying of the third sludge pump, and the residual sludge is subjected to stabilization treatment and then is subjected to resource utilization or discharge.
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