Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a dry-method battery pole piece base coating machine, which utilizes the functions of physical adsorption and plasma deposition and realizes foil coating by taking dry powder as a coating material under the constraint guidance of a magnetic field, and the technical process does not contain a liquid solvent, thereby avoiding various problems existing in a wet-method coating process, optimizing and simplifying the structure of the pole piece base coating machine and obtaining a coating foil with better consistency.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a dry-method battery pole piece priming machine, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a laser driving unit, an optical foil unreeling unit, a dry coating unit and a bottom coating pole piece reeling unit;
the smooth foil unreeling unit automatically unreels the foil, and emits the smooth foil to be coated to be sent to the dry coating unit; the laser driving unit generates laser, the coating material powder in the dry coating unit is ionized to generate plasma charged particles, and the plasma charged particles are deposited on the optical foil under the guiding action of a magnetic field to obtain the foil coated with the dry powder material; and winding the coated foil by a first-coating pole piece winding unit to form a first-coating pole piece.
Preferably, the dry coating unit includes: the device comprises a laser incidence window, a laser line focusing mirror, a powder circulating die cavity, a plasma confinement guide module and a plasma sputtering coating module;
the laser driving unit generates laser which enters the dry coating unit through the laser incidence window, is reflected by the laser line focusing mirror, enters the powder circulating die cavity through the powder circulating die cavity inlet, is focused at the laser line focus in the powder circulating die cavity, ionizes coating material powder in the powder circulating die cavity to form plasma, is diffused to the outside of the powder circulating die cavity through the powder circulating die cavity outlet, forms directional plasma flow under the guidance of the magnetic field of the plasma confinement guide module, and deposits on the optical foil conveyed by the plasma sputtering coating module.
Further preferably, the plasma confinement guiding module comprises a permanent magnet or an electromagnet;
the plasma sputter coating module includes: coating a back roll; the coating back roller is positioned behind the plasma confinement and guide module, and the deposition area of the optical foil conveyed on the coating back roller is aligned with the emission direction of the plasma flow of the plasma confinement and guide module; the coating back rollers are arranged in parallel in one group or multiple groups, and the number of the groups of the coating back rollers in the dry-method battery pole piece bottom coating machine is set according to the width of the single group of the coating back rollers and the width of the smooth foil to be coated.
Further preferably, the coating material powder in the powder circulation die cavity is sprayed from a powder supply pipeline, and a flowing powder layer flowing along with the gas in the powder circulation die cavity;
the coating material powder is excited by laser to have adsorption activity, and plasma is formed through plasma ionization, so that coating on the optical foil is realized under the combined action of physical adsorption and plasma deposition.
Preferably, the thickness of the coating on the priming coating pole piece is adjusted by adjusting the spraying flow of the coating material powder, the power of laser, the distance between the laser line focus and the optical foil to be coated on the coating back roller and the magnetic field intensity of the plasma confinement guide module.
Preferably, the dry coating units are 1 or more groups;
and a plurality of groups of dry coating units are sequentially connected in series and discharged for double-sided and/or multi-layer coating.
Preferably, the laser is a continuous laser or a pulse laser;
when the laser is pulse laser, the repetition frequency of the pulse laser is 1-1000000 Hz; the single pulse energy is 1-100000 mJ; pulse duration of 10 -6 -10 -15 And second.
Preferably, the repetition frequency of the pulse laser is 10-100000 Hz; the single pulse energy is 10-1000 mJ; pulse duration of 10 -9 -10 -15 And second.
Preferably, the dry-method battery pole piece primary coating machine is used for preparing pole piece foils of primary batteries, secondary batteries and fuel batteries;
wherein the secondary battery includes: liquid, solid-liquid mixed or all solid lithium batteries, sodium batteries and lithium sulfur batteries.
Preferably, the coating material powder suitable for the dry-method battery pole piece primer coating machine comprises: one or more of ceramic powder, resin powder, solid electrolyte powder and hydroxide powder;
the coating material powder is also mixed with solid binder powder, and the solid binder powder accounts for 0-30 wt% of the total mass of the coating material powder.
According to the dry-method battery pole piece bottom coating machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, foil materials are automatically unreeled through the smooth foil unreeling unit, and the smooth foil to be coated is discharged and sent to the dry-method coating unit; the laser driving unit generates laser, coating material powder in the dry coating unit is ionized, and coating on the optical foil by taking dry powder as a coating material is realized by utilizing the functions of physical adsorption, plasma deposition and magnetic field guidance, so that the foil material coated with the dry powder material is obtained; and winding the coated foil by a first-coat pole piece winding unit to form a first-coat pole piece. The dry-method battery pole piece bottom coating machine provided by the invention does not use a liquid solvent in the process, avoids various problems existing in a wet-method coating process, optimizes and simplifies the structure of the coating machine, obtains a coating foil with better consistency, and has the advantages of simple process, uniform coating, high coating thickness precision and high coating production efficiency.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as in any way limiting the present invention, i.e., as in no way limiting its scope.
The main structure of the dry-method battery pole piece priming machine provided by the invention is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following components: the device comprises a laser driving unit 1, an optical foil unreeling unit 2, a dry coating unit 3 and a bottom coating pole piece reeling unit 4;
the smooth foil unreeling unit 2 automatically unreels the foil, emits the smooth foil to be coated and sends the smooth foil to the dry coating unit 3; the laser driving unit 1 generates laser, ionizes the coating material powder in the dry coating unit 3, generates plasma charged particles, and deposits the plasma charged particles on the optical foil under the guiding action of a magnetic field to obtain the foil coated with the dry powder material. And the coated foil is wound by a first-coating pole piece winding unit 4 to form a first-coating pole piece.
The optical foil unreeling unit 2 and the base coat pole piece reeling unit 4 are the same as the corresponding parts of the existing foil coating equipment, and the description is not repeated here. The laser driving unit 1 and the dry coating unit 3 are mainly described. The laser generated by the laser driving unit 1 interacts with the coating material powder in the dry coating unit 3, so that the coating material powder is excited by the laser to have adsorption activity, and forms plasma through plasma ionization, and forms a directional plasma flow under the guidance of a magnetic field, and the coating on the optical foil is realized under the combined action of physical adsorption, plasma deposition and magnetic field guidance.
The laser driving unit 1 may include a laser generating module, a laser transmitting module, and a laser focusing module. The laser transmission module can specifically comprise optical elements such as optical fibers, coating reflection mirrors and the like, and corresponding vacuum pipelines.
The laser light emitted by the laser driving unit 1 is continuous laser light or pulse laser light, and preferably pulse laser light. The repetition frequency of the pulse laser is 1-1000000 Hz; preferably 10-100000 Hz. The single pulse energy of the pulse laser is 1-100000 mJ; preferably 10-10000 mJ; more preferably 10-1000 mJ. In the present embodiment, the pulse width of the pulsed laser can be in the order of microseconds, nanoseconds, picoseconds, and femtoseconds, and the pulse duration is 10 -6 -10 -15 Second, preferably 10 -9 -10 -15 And second.
The specific structure of the dry coating unit 3 is shown in fig. 2, and includes: a laser incidence window 31, a laser line focusing mirror 32, a powder circulation die cavity 33, a plasma confinement guide module 34 and a plasma sputtering coating module.
The laser driving unit 1 generates laser (shown by a solid arrow on the left side in fig. 2) and enters the dry coating unit 3 through the laser incidence window 31, the laser is reflected by the laser line focusing mirror 32 and enters the powder circulating cavity 33 through the powder circulating cavity inlet 331, the laser is focused at a laser line focus (a dotted line at the intersection position of the solid arrow and the oblique arrow in fig. 2) in the powder circulating cavity 33, the coating material powder in the powder circulating cavity 33 is ionized to form plasma, the plasma is diffused to the outside of the powder circulating cavity through the powder circulating cavity outlet 332, and the plasma flow with directionality is formed under the guiding action of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet or the electromagnet included in the plasma confinement guiding module 34 and is deposited on the optical foil conveyed by the plasma sputtering coating module.
The plasma sputter coating module includes a coating backing roll 35. Wherein the coating back roller 35 is behind the plasma confinement guiding module, and the deposition area of the optical foil conveyed on the coating back roller 35 is aligned with the emission direction of the plasma flow of the plasma confinement guiding module 34.
Optionally, the plasma sputter coating module may further include a laser shutter (not shown) to block an area other than the deposition area in the plasma diverging area. This selectively shields the divergence of the plasma, so that the coating material powder is deposited on the optical foil conveyed by the coating back roller 35.
In the powder circulation die cavity 33, coating material powder is sprayed in from a powder supply pipeline 333 of the powder circulation die cavity 33 and forms a flowing powder layer along with the gas flowing in the powder circulation die cavity 33; the coating material powder is in a region with stronger laser electric field intensity (mainly at the focus of a laser line and the position nearby), the powder is ionized by a strong electric field to form plasma, and the plasma is dispersed into a plasma halo region by taking the focus of the laser line as a cylindrical symmetry axis; the plasma halo region contains a large number of active particles such as electrons, charged ions, atoms, molecules and free radicals in an excited state, and also contains a large number of particles in a molten state; the particles are dispersed outwards in a cylindrical cone-shaped space distribution, and then the movement of the particles is guided and restrained by the electromagnetic force of a magnetic field, and the particles are deposited on the optical foil. That is to say the coating is formed predominantly by deposition; meanwhile, in the area with weak laser intensity in the powder circulation cavity 33, the laser can also excite the dry powder to make the dry powder have adsorption activity, so that the dry powder can be adsorbed on the surface of the foil.
During plasma deposition, the coating material powder is ionized to form a plasma, and the charged particles in the plasma excite a thin layer (molecule/atomic layer) on the surface of the foil. The charged ions in the non-equilibrium plasma can have a plasma temperature of keV magnitude, sufficient energy is provided to promote the breakage of chemical bonds in the thin layer on the surface of the optical foil and reduce the energy of a local system by forming new bonds, and the formation of free radicals, double bonds and the like is also included in the deposition process, so that the deposited coating material powder can be tightly combined on the surface of the optical foil without falling off.
The thickness of the coating on the bottom coating pole piece can be adjusted by adjusting the spraying flow of the coating material powder, the power of laser, the distance between the laser line focus and the optical foil to be coated on the coating back roller and the magnetic field intensity of the plasma confinement guide module. By the dry-method battery pole piece bottom coating machine, the thickness of the coating can be adjusted within the range of 0.05-5um, and the controllable adjustment precision of the thickness of the coating can reach below 0.05 um.
In a specific embodiment, the effective coating base film width of each dry coating unit 3 is 100mm to 2000 mm; the effective coating width of the dry battery pole piece primer coating machine can be controlled by arranging a plurality of dry coating units 3 at intervals in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in fig. 2 to form a group of dry coating units.
The coating of the coating areas on the optical foil corresponding between the adjacent dry coating units 3 is a result of the coating superposition of the adjacent dry coating units 3, so that the adjustment of the spacing between the adjacent dry coating units 3 can adjust the uniformity of the functional coating in the width direction of the foil; in order to obtain a uniform and stable dry coating, the linear speed of the base film at the coating back roll should be matched with the repetition frequency generated by the laser driving unit; the driving laser with higher repetition frequency is suitable for a certain range, so that the uniformity of the coating and the high-speed coating capability are better.
In addition, in the moving direction of the foil, a plurality of groups of dry coating units can be arranged in series according to requirements, so that one-time multilayer coating is conveniently realized. Specifically, the invention can realize one-time coating of the same or different materials on a single-sided multilayer, a double-sided single layer or a double-sided multilayer by serially arranging a plurality of groups of laser driving units and a plurality of groups of dry coating units. The number of the dry coating units 3 may be 1 group as shown in fig. 2, or may be a plurality of groups connected in series, for example, the number may be arbitrarily selected from 1 to 100, preferably from 1 to 10 groups, and more preferably from 1 to 5 groups. In practical application, a certain number of groups of dry coating units can be connected in series as required, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coating working principle of the dry battery pole piece primer coating machine according to the embodiment of the invention. Here, two dry coating units 3 are placed in series as an example.
The dry-method battery pole piece prime coating machine is used for preparing foils of primary batteries, secondary batteries and fuel batteries; wherein the secondary battery may specifically include: liquid, solid-liquid mixed or all solid lithium batteries, sodium batteries and lithium sulfur batteries.
The coating material powder suitable for the dry-method battery pole piece prime coating machine comprises but is not limited to: ceramic powder, resin powder, solid electrolyte powder, and hydroxide powder. In addition, solid binder powder can be mixed in the coating material powder, and the solid binder powder accounts for 0-30 wt% of the total mass of the coating material powder.
The optical foil suitable for the dry-method battery pole piece bottom coating machine comprises, but is not limited to, copper foil and aluminum foil.
According to the dry-method battery pole piece bottom coating machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, foil materials are automatically unreeled through the optical foil unreeling unit, and optical foils to be coated are discharged and sent to the dry-method coating unit; the laser driving unit generates laser, ionizes coating material powder in the dry coating unit, generates plasma charged particles, and deposits the plasma charged particles on the optical foil under the guiding action of a magnetic field. The invention uses the physical adsorption, the plasma deposition and the magnetic field guiding to realize the coating of the dry powder as the coating material on the optical foil, and the foil material coated with the dry powder material is obtained; and winding the coated foil by a first-coating pole piece winding unit to form a first-coating pole piece. The dry-method battery pole piece prime coating machine provided by the invention does not use a liquid solvent in the process, avoids various problems existing in a wet-method coating process, optimizes and simplifies the structure of the coating machine, obtains a coating foil with better consistency, and has the advantages of simple process, uniform coating, high coating thickness precision and high coating production efficiency.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.