CN115119746A - Screening and identifying method of lodging-resistant rice sterile line and application of lodging-resistant rice sterile line in breeding - Google Patents
Screening and identifying method of lodging-resistant rice sterile line and application of lodging-resistant rice sterile line in breeding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a screening and identifying method of a lodging-resistant rice sterile line and application thereof in breeding, relating to the technical field of rice breeding and comprising the following steps: when the initial ear of the sterile line to be screened or identified reaches 5%, the sterile line is continuously sprayed for three days and is sprayed with gibberellin once a day for treatment, the air blower is utilized to continuously blow air to the neck of the sterile line ear, and the lodging resistance of the sterile line sample is judged for screening or identification by measuring the included angle between the neck of the sterile line ear and the horizontal plane after air blowing. Compared with the detection method in the prior art, the method is simpler and more efficient, saves cost, can continuously apply strong wind adverse environment in the breeding process of the rice sterile line, ensures the strong lodging resistance of the bred rice sterile line, provides a feasible new method for breeding the lodging resistant sterile line, improves the lodging resistant breeding efficiency of the rice, and can greatly improve the universality of hybrid rice varieties in production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice breeding, and relates to a screening and identifying method of a lodging-resistant rice sterile line and application thereof in breeding.
Background
Rice is one of important food crops in China, more than 60% of people in China use rice as staple food, and the improvement of yield is an important task of rice production, but the problem of lodging is brought along with high yield. In recent years, with the rapid development of direct-seeded rice, lodging has become a ubiquitous phenomenon in rice production. The lodging hinders the formation, transportation and storage of rice photosynthetic products, the maturing rate is reduced, the yield is reduced by 10-30% generally, and the influence of the lodging on the rice yield is more and more serious along with the advance of the lodging time and the increase of the lodging degree. In addition, with the rapid reduction of rural labor force, the traditional rice production mode is turning towards mechanization and simplification, but the lodging in the mature period can increase the mechanical harvesting difficulty of the rice, increase the harvesting cost and restrict the mechanization process. Meanwhile, falling easily causes falling grains and increases the loss rate of the rice, and if the rice is exposed to rainy weather after falling, the rice is mildewed or sprouted, which has adverse effect on the quality of the rice and causes the quality of the food. Therefore, the problem of lodging has become one of the important limiting factors for high, stable and high yield of rice.
The rice lodging is caused by a plurality of reasons, including improper management of fertilizer and water, untimely management of diseases, insect pests and weeds, too dense planting, strong wind and heavy rain and other severe weather, but the poor lodging resistance of the variety is the primary factor for inducing lodging. Therefore, the breeding of lodging-resistant varieties is the best method for solving the problem of rice lodging, while the breeding of lodging-resistant hybrid rice varieties is the breeding of lodging-resistant rice sterile lines.
At present, many methods for identifying and evaluating the lodging resistance of rice are available at home and abroad, wherein the indexes for evaluating the lodging resistance of rice by a mechanical judgment method mainly include internode breaking resistance and lodging indexes. However, there are few reports on methods for screening or identifying the lodging resistance of the rice sterile line. Therefore, the method for screening and identifying the lodging-resistant rice sterile line is developed, and the breeding of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line is carried out, so that the method has important significance for high yield, stable yield and high quality of hybrid rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a screening and identification method of a lodging-resistant rice sterile line and application thereof in breeding, and the lodging-resistant characteristic of the rice sterile line is identified by a simple, feasible, controllable and reliable method.
The invention achieves the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a method for screening and identifying a lodging-resistant rice sterile line comprises the following steps: when the sterile line that treats screening or appraisal starts the ear of grain and reaches 5%, carry out continuous spraying three days and spray gibberellin once a day and handle, it is a plurality of to take the sample of the fifth day after the spraying, it is indoor to transplant to the area soil, utilize the air-blower to aim at sterile line ear of grain neck and continue the blast air, through measuring the contained angle size of sample ear of grain neck and horizontal plane after the blast air, judge that the lodging resistance ability of sterile line sample screens or appraises, satisfy: the larger the included angle is, the stronger the lodging resistance is.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, the dosage of the gibberellin which is continuously sprayed for 3 days is respectively as follows: 3-6 g/mu in the first day, 7-9 g/mu in the second day and 11-13 g/mu in the third day; preferably 5 g/mu in the first day, 8 g/mu in the second day and 12 g/mu in the third day.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the wind speed of the blower is 13 m/s.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the continuous blowing time of the blower is more than or equal to 6 hours, preferably 6 hours.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the sterile line variety is a two-line sterile line or a three-line sterile line.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the identification method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively planting sterile line varieties to be identified and lodging-resistant contrast sterile line varieties;
(2) when the ear initiation of the sterile line in the step (1) reaches 5%, spraying gibberellin, wherein the gibberellin is sprayed once a day for three consecutive days;
(3) on the fifth day after the gibberellin spraying is finished, digging 5 holes of each plant of the sterile line and the control variety obtained in the step (1) with soil, respectively placing the plants in a bucket, numbering the plants, and continuously blowing air towards the neck of the sterile line ear by using an air blower;
(4) measuring the size of an included angle between the neck of the ear of the sterile line and the horizontal plane of the plant of the control variety after the air blast in the step (3);
(5) and (3) judging the lodging resistance: if the included angle between the ear neck of the sterile line plant to be identified and the horizontal plane is not less than that of the lodging-resistant control sterile line, the lodging-resistant capability is judged to be stronger, and if the included angle between the ear neck of the sterile line plant to be identified and the horizontal plane is less than that of the lodging-resistant control sterile line, the lodging-resistant capability is judged to be weaker.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the lodging-resistant contrast sterile line variety is a two-line sterile line contrast variety 1892S or a three-line sterile line contrast variety II-32A.
The invention also provides application of the screening and identifying method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line in breeding of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line, which screens the lodging-resistant rice sterile line by the screening or identifying method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line, eliminates sterile line materials with weak lodging resistance, and preferentially selects the sterile line materials with strong lodging resistance under the same condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a lodging resistance identification and screening or identification method of a rice sterile line, and avoids the technical defects that the lodging resistance of the sterile line is not considered in the early stage of breeding hybrid combination in the prior art, and the lodging resistance cannot be changed after the hybrid rice is successfully bred.
2. The method can continuously apply strong wind adversity environment in the breeding process of the rice sterile line, ensures the strong lodging resistance of the bred rice sterile line, provides a feasible new method for breeding the lodging resistant sterile line, improves the lodging resistant breeding efficiency of the rice, and can greatly improve the universality of hybrid rice varieties in production.
3. The method is suitable for large-batch lodging resistance screening of the rice sterile line, and compared with lodging resistance detection in the prior art, the method is simpler and more efficient, and saves cost.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
In 2019, the method is used for identifying the lodging resistance of the sterile line of partial rice sterile line materials, and meanwhile, the stalk mechanics index judgment method is used for identifying the lodging resistance of the sterile line, so that the feasibility of the method is verified. All seeds are provided by Anhuquan Gankao Seikagaku GmbH.
The names of the rice sterile lines identified at this time are respectively: 1892S, Quan 211S, Guangzhou 63S, Annon 9054S, and 03S.
The specific steps and results of screening the lodging resistance by the identification method of the invention are as follows:
s1: sowing the rice sterile lines Quan211S, Guanzhan 63S, Annong 9054S and 03S to be identified and the lodging-resistant control sterile line 1892S in the Nangang farming breeding base of Quanyirural courage courtyard at 6 months and 6 days, and transplanting in 28 days 6 months;
s2: when the ear onset of the sterile line reaches 5% in 8 months and 18 days, spraying gibberellin 5 g/mu in 8 months and 19 days, spraying gibberellin 8 g/mu in 8 months and 20 days and spraying gibberellin 12 g/mu in 8 months and 21 days;
s3: on the fifth day after gibberellin spraying is finished, digging 5 holes of each plant of the rice sterile line and the contrast sterile line with soil for 26 days after 8 months, respectively placing the plants in a bucket and moving the plants to the indoor, adjusting the air speed of an air blower to 13m/s, and continuously blowing air to the neck of the sterile line ear for 6 hours;
s4: measuring the included angle between the ear neck of the sterile line plant after air blowing in the S3 and the horizontal plane and the included angle between the ear neck of the contrast sterile line and the horizontal plane by using a protractor, and measuring the average values of the included angles between the ear neck of the sterile line plant after air blowing in the S3, 63S, 9054S, 03S and 1892S, and the horizontal plane, wherein the average values of the included angles are 63 degrees, 41 degrees, 61 degrees, 47 degrees and 58 degrees respectively;
s5: wherein the included angle between the neck of the ear of each of the Qg211S and Annong 9054S sterile line plants and the horizontal plane is not less than that of a lodging-resistant contrast sterile line, and the judgment is that the lodging resistance is stronger; the included angle between the neck of the ear of the sterile line plant of the 63S and 03S and the horizontal plane is less than that of the lodging-resistant contrast sterile line, and the lodging resistance is judged to be weaker.
(II) identifying mechanical index of stalk
The sterile line is characterized in that 20 days after heading, 5 representative main stems are selected for each treatment, and the plant height and the gravity center height are measured. The method comprises the following specific steps:
selecting the second internode of the base part, placing the stem segment on two supporting points with the distance of 8cm and keeping the stem segment fixed, using an AIKON dynamometer (AIKON RX-5, produced in Japan) to act on the stem at the middle part of the two supporting points to slowly exert force vertically downwards, recording the value (F, g) of the force displayed by the dynamometer until the stem is just broken, using a graduated scale to measure the distance (SL, cm) from the broken part of the internode to the top end of the main stem, and weighing the fresh weight (FW, g) of the part. The base 2 nd internode length (L, cm) was then measured using a vernier caliper.
The calculation formula is as follows: bending moment (WP, g cm), WP ═ SL × FW; breaking bending moment (M, g cm), M ═ F × L/4; the lodging index (LI,%), LI ═ WP/M × 100 (the larger the lodging index, the easier the plant is to lodging).
Obtaining by calculation: the lodging indexes of all 211S, guan zhan 63S, ann no 9054S, guan zhan 63S, and 1892S are respectively: 78. 134, 85, 110 and 88, respectively, the results show that the antibiotics 211S, the Annon 9054S and 1892S have strong lodging resistance, and the Guangzhan 63S and 03S have weak lodging resistance.
(III) comparing the method with the identification result of the mechanical index of the stalk
The comparison shows that the method is basically consistent with the identification result of the mechanical index of the stalks, and the results are all strong lodging resistance of 211S, 9054S and 1892S, and weak lodging resistance of 63S and 03S. The lodging resistance of the sterile line is consistent with the performance of the sterile line in the actual production, and the feasibility of the method for screening the lodging-resistant sterile line is verified.
Example 2
The present example provides the application of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line screening and identification method in lodging-resistant sterile line breeding. A two-line sterile line 1892S which is bred by the agricultural academy of Anhui province and has high outcrossing rate, good lodging resistance and strong combining ability is used as a female parent, and a sterile line 03S which is bred by the Yangjingkong breed division company and has high yield, high quality, high temperature resistance and stable fertility is used as a male parent. Comparison of sterile line varieties: 1892S. All seeds are provided by Anhuquan Gankao Seikagaku GmbH.
The application of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line screening and identifying method in lodging-resistant sterile line breeding comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out conventional sexual hybridization in spring of 2006 in Hainan III by taking lodging resistant '1892S' as a female parent and '03S' as a male parent to obtain F1 seeds;
(2) f1 is planted in a combined fertilizer breeding base in summer in 2006, which shows that the hybrid rice is luxuriant in growth, straight and straight leaves, strong in stalks and sterile in the season, and piles are carried to Hainan to breed and harvest in autumn in 2006;
(3) in summer of 2007, in the step (2) of fertile planting, the F2 seeds are planted, 1000 plants are totally used, 20 sterile plants with excellent characters, good flourishing property, large grains and high stigma exposure rate are selected, stubble cutting regeneration is carried out in middle ten days of 9 months, selfing and fructification are carried out under the condition of artificial shading short day and low temperature, and F3 seeds are obtained;
(4) in 2007, 20F 3 lines and a control sterile line 1892S in the Hainan trilong planting step (3) in winter were subjected to the following steps: firstly, when the initial spike of the sterile line reaches 5%, spraying gibberellin once a day for three consecutive days, wherein the spraying amount is respectively 5 g/mu, 8 g/mu and 12 g/mu; fifthly, after the gibberellin is sprayed, digging 5 holes of each plant of the rice sterile line and the contrast sterile line with soil, respectively placing the plants in a bucket and moving the plants to the room, adjusting the air speed of an air blower to 13m/s, and continuously blowing air to the neck of the sterile line ear for 6 hours; measuring the included angle between the ear neck of the sterile line plant blown by air and the horizontal plane in the S3 and the included angle between the ear neck of the sterile line plant and the horizontal plane in a contrast mode by using a protractor; and fourthly, the included angle between the neck of the plant ear of the 6 sterile line lines and the horizontal plane is more than or equal to a lodging-resistant contrast sterile line 1892S, and the lodging resistance is judged to be stronger. Fifthly, selecting 5 strains with compact plant type, short plant height, strong tillering and straight sword leaf to harvest seeds to obtain F4 seeds.
(5) And (3) in summer of 2008, 5F 4 plant lines in the step (4) of fertile planting are selected, the plant line with strong lodging resistance is selected by repeating the step (4), agronomic characters and fertility are identified, a No. 2 excellent plant line with neat and consistent agronomic characters and stable sterility is selected, and selfing F5 seeds are obtained in an artificial light-temperature culture box.
(6) F6 seeds were obtained in the spring of 2009 in trigagage hainan.
(7) F6 seeds are planted in the fertilizer combination in summer of 2009, and the anti-lodging sterile line 'Quan211S' is obtained with stable agronomic characters and lodging resistance.
The lodging-resistant sterile line 'Quan211S' bred by the invention identifies the lodging index 78 through the mechanical index of stalks, has stronger lodging resistance and is consistent with actual production.
The above is a detailed embodiment and a specific operation process of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples.
Claims (9)
1. A screening and identification method of a lodging-resistant rice sterile line is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the sterile line that treats screening or appraisal starts the ear of grain and reaches 5%, carry out continuous spraying three days and spray gibberellin once a day and handle, it is a plurality of to take the sample of the fifth day after the spraying, it is indoor to transplant to the area soil, utilize the air-blower to aim at sterile line ear of grain neck and continue the blast air, through measuring the contained angle size of sample ear of grain neck and horizontal plane after the blast air, judge that the lodging resistance ability of sterile line sample screens or appraises, satisfy: the larger the included angle is, the stronger the lodging resistance is.
2. The screening and identification method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous spraying of gibberellin for 3 days is performed with the following dosages: 3-6 g/mu on the first day, 7-9 g/mu on the second day and 11-13 g/mu on the third day.
3. The screening and identification method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line as claimed in claim 2, wherein 5 g/mu in the first day, 8 g/mu in the second day, and 12 g/mu in the third day.
4. The screening and identification method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air speed of the blower is 13 m/s.
5. The screening and identification method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air blower continues to blow for more than or equal to 6 hours, preferably 6 hours.
6. The screening and identification method of lodging-resistant rice sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterile line variety is two-line sterile line or three-line sterile line.
7. The screening and identification method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the identification method of the lodging-resistant rice sterile line comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively planting sterile line varieties to be identified and lodging-resistant contrast sterile line varieties;
(2) spraying gibberellin when the starting spike of the sterile line in the step (1) reaches 5%, and spraying gibberellin once a day for three consecutive days;
(3) on the fifth day after the gibberellin spraying is finished, digging 5 holes of each plant of the sterile line and the control variety obtained in the step (1) with soil, respectively placing the plants in a bucket, numbering the plants, and continuously blowing air towards the neck of the sterile line ear by using an air blower;
(4) measuring the size of an included angle between the neck of the ear of the sterile line and the horizontal plane of the plant of the control variety after the air blast in the step (3);
(5) and (3) judging the lodging resistance: if the included angle between the ear neck of the sterile line plant to be identified and the horizontal plane is not less than that of the lodging-resistant control sterile line, the lodging-resistant capability is judged to be stronger, and if the included angle between the ear neck of the sterile line plant to be identified and the horizontal plane is less than that of the lodging-resistant control sterile line, the lodging-resistant capability is judged to be weaker.
8. The method for screening and identifying the sterile line of the lodging-resistant rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the variety of the lodging-resistant control sterile line is a two-line sterile line control variety 1892S or a three-line sterile line control variety II-32A.
9. The application of the screening and identifying method for lodging-resistant rice sterile line as claimed in any one of claims 1-8 in the breeding of lodging-resistant rice sterile line is to screen lodging-resistant rice sterile line by screening or identifying method for lodging-resistant rice sterile line, eliminate sterile line material with weak lodging resistance, and preferentially select sterile line material with strong lodging resistance under the same condition.
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