CN115119706A - 一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法 - Google Patents
一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于植物丰产栽培技术领域，特别涉及一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，包括对北美冬青雌株进行挂果前的生产管理，还包括在北美冬青雌株雌花开放时实现促果剂处理以及在北美冬青雌株坐果后使用膨果剂。本发明显著提高了北美冬青植株的坐果率以及成熟时的果径，同时降低了北美冬青植株果实的裂果率与空洞率，改善了盆栽北美冬青果实的外观，在雄株发育不良、花期不遇或者不适宜蜜蜂工作，果实生长气候和水肥条件不够优良等条件下，确保了北美冬青丰产稳产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物丰产栽培技术领域，尤其涉及一种改善盆栽北美冬青 果实外观的方法。
背景技术
北美冬青是一种优良的切枝观果树种和盆栽年宵花。它的另一个显著 特点是雌雄异株异熟，是一种优良的蜜源植物典型的虫媒花。生产中挂果 率低、果实直径较小成为制约产业化发展的关键因素。栽培中发现，北美 冬青挂果率低的主要原因有3种：1、花期正好遇到雨季，蜜蜂不进行工作， 无法完成授粉；2、雄花与雌花花期不遇，雌花盛开时，没有花粉供给蜜蜂 导致授粉失败；3、温室大棚内雌花盛开时，温度过高，蜜蜂不工作致使无 法授粉。为了让更多的北美冬青雌株挂上果，业内普遍认为，北美冬青的 栽培园的雌雄比至少应达到为9:1。近年的生产栽培中还发现北美冬青的雄 株抗性较差，很容易生长不良，造成雌株矮小或死亡，更加难以满足定植 园雌株的授粉需要。目前生产中增大北美冬青果实直径的方法只是在8-9 月喷施P肥和K肥，生长调节剂的使用未见报道。
因此，迫切需要探索一种改善北美冬青果实外观的技术，在雄株发育 不良、花期不遇或者不适宜蜜蜂工作，果实生长气候和水肥条件不够优良 等条件下，仍然能确保北美冬青丰产稳产。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种改善盆栽北美冬 青果实外观的方法。
通过以下制备工艺来实现上述目的：
本发明提供了一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)对北美冬青雌株进行挂果前的生产管理；
(2)在北美冬青雌株雌花开放时，向雌花部位施加促果剂；
(3)施加促果剂后7-10d，将北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽土壤内，并向 盆栽土壤施加生物液体菌肥；
(4)在北美冬青雌株坐果后，向盆栽土壤处施加膨果剂。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述生产管理具体步骤包括在新芽萌 发前10-15d，每株浇灌600-1000mg/L多效唑溶液；当新芽长至8-10cm时， 每隔7d全株喷施生长抑制剂1-2次。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述生长抑制剂成分为300-500mg/L 多效唑、100-300mg/L烯效唑和200-400mg/L矮壮素溶液中的一种。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述促果剂成分为10-50mg/L的赤霉 素、10-20mg/L2,4-D、10-30mg/L复硝酚钠和10-50mg/L6-BA，点施或喷施。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述膨果剂成分为20-40mg/L的氯吡 脲、0.1-0.2mg/L木醋酸、0.1-0.2mg/L氨基酸钙和0.1-0.2mg/L噻苯隆， 喷施3-5次，间隔期10-15d。
作为本发明的进一步优化方案，所述使用促果剂处理时，注意对北美 冬青雌株避雨和骤然低温，所述注意避雨的时间为施用促果剂前后5-6h。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明显著提高了北美冬青植株的坐果率以及成熟时的果径，同 时降低了北美冬青植株果实的裂果率与空洞率，改善了北美冬青果实的外 观，使得在雄株发育不良、花期不遇或者不适宜蜜蜂工作，果实生长气候 和水肥条件不够优良等条件下，确保了北美冬青丰产稳产；
(2)本发明在施加膨果剂之前，北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽土壤内，脱 离原始栽培土壤环境，避免了原始栽培土壤残留的促果剂对后续膨果剂作 用效果的抑制作用，同时盆栽土壤在施加生物液体菌肥后，提高了盆栽土 壤的保水性，增强植株根系吸水能力及对膨果剂的吸收效果，从而降低了 裂果率及空洞率。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请作进一步详细描述，有必要在此指出的是，以下具体实 施方式只用于对本申请进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对本申请保护范围 的限制，该领域的技术人员可以根据上述申请内容对本申请做出一些非本 质的改进和调整。
实施例1
一、材料
本实施例所用方法如无特别说明均为本领域的技术人员所知晓的常规 方法，所用的试剂等材料，如无特别说明，均为市售购买产品。
二、方法
(1)选择生长健壮的北美冬青雌株，即北美冬青雌株已完成花芽分化， 即将进入花期；
(2)在北美冬青雌株萌芽前7-10天至开花挂果阶段，进行必要的生产 管理，即在新芽萌发前10-15d，每株浇灌300-500mg/L多效唑溶液1-2L以及 当新芽长至8-10cm长时，每隔7d全株喷施生长抑制剂1-2次，以保持栽培土 壤具有充足的水分，使其快速发芽、展叶、开花；
生长抑制剂的配制：称取300-500mg的多效唑、100-300mg的烯效唑或 200-400mg的矮壮素溶液中的一种，加蒸馏水定容至1000mL即可；
(3)仔细观测北美冬青开花物候，在雌花开放时点施或喷施促果剂 1-2次；
促果剂的配制：称取10-50mg的赤霉素、10-20mg的2,4-D、10-30mg的 复硝酚钠以及10-50mg的6-BA，混合溶解后，加蒸馏水定容至1000mL即可；
(4)使用促果剂处理时应注意避雨和骤然低温，注意避雨的时间为施 用促果剂前后5-6h；
(5)施加促果剂后4-5d，将北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽土壤内，并向盆 栽土壤施加生物液体菌肥；
(6)距离促果剂处理10-15d后，北美冬青基本完成坐果，采用膨果剂 对小果进行喷施，补充小果快速生长发育所需营养成分，以防落果，喷施 3-5次，间隔期10-15d；
膨果剂的配制：称取20-40mg的氯吡脲、0.1-0.3mg芸苔素内酯和 0.1-0.2mg/L木醋酸、0.1-0.2mg/L氨基酸钙和0.1-0.2mg噻苯隆，混合溶解 后，加蒸馏水定容至1000mL即可。
三、验证试验
1、为验证不同促果方式对盆栽北美冬青果实外观的影响，设置以下对 比例：
对比例1：蜜蜂授粉促果，其余步骤与实施例1相同。
另外，以未经授粉得到的北美冬青植株作为对照组，得到3组北美冬青 植株在坐果率、成熟时果径上的差异，结果如表1所示；
表1.不同促果方式对盆栽北美冬青果实外观的影响
结果分析：使用实施例1的促果方式，即在雌花开放时进行促果剂处理 1-2次，相比较对比例1采用蜜蜂授粉促果的方式，能够显著提高北美冬青 植株的坐果率以及成熟时的果径。
2、为了验证移栽步骤对盆栽北美冬青果实外观的影响，设置以下对比 例：
对比例2：施加促果剂后，不将北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽土壤内，其余 步骤与实施例1相同；
对比例3：施加促果剂后，不将北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽土壤内，仅向 原栽培土壤中施加生物液体菌肥，其余步骤与实施例1相同；
对比例4：不向盆栽土壤处施加膨果剂，其余步骤与对比例1相同；
对比例5：不向盆栽土壤处施加膨果剂，其余步骤与对比例2相同；
按照上述方式得到5组北美冬青植株在坐果率、成熟时果径、裂果率及 空洞率上差异，结果如表2所示：
表2.不同促果剂对盆栽北美冬青果实外观的影响
结果分析：实施例1在施加促果剂后4-5d，将北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽 土壤内，并向盆栽土壤施加生物液体菌肥以及在北美冬青雌株坐果后，向 盆栽土壤处施加膨果剂的方式，相较于其他对比例能够显著提高北美冬青 的坐果率及果实成熟时的果径，同时显著降低裂果率及空洞率，原因在于， 在施加膨果剂之前，北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽土壤内，脱离原始栽培土壤 环境，避免了原始栽培土壤残留的促果剂对后续膨果剂作用效果的抑制作 用，同时盆栽土壤在施加生物液体菌肥后，提高了盆栽土壤的保水性，增 强植株根系吸水能力及对膨果剂的吸收效果，从而降低了裂果率及空洞率。
3、为了验证膨果剂处理对盆栽北美冬青果实外观的影响，设置以下对 比例：
对比例6：称取20-40mg的氯吡脲和0.1-0.2mg噻苯隆，加蒸馏水定容至 1000mL后作为膨果剂，其余步骤与实施例1相同；
对比例7：称取20-40mg的氯吡脲、0.1-0.2mg/L木醋酸和0.1-0.2mg噻 苯隆混合溶解后，加蒸馏水定容至1000mL后作为膨果剂，其余步骤与实施 例1相同；
另外，以未使用促果剂及膨果剂的北美冬青植株作为对照组，得到4组 北美冬青植株在坐果率、成熟时果径、裂果率及空洞率上差异，结果如表3 所示：
表3.膨果剂处理对盆栽北美冬青果实外观的影响
结果分析：对照组未使用促果剂及膨果剂的北美冬青植株的坐果率、 成熟时果径较其他对比例要低得多，裂果率、空洞率相较于其他的对比例 显著增加；
对比例6和7相比，两者膨果剂成分中均不含氨基酸钙，北美冬青植株 的坐果率、成熟时果径较实施例1要低得多，另外，裂果率、空洞率相较于 实施例1显著增加，原因在于，氨基酸钙为盆栽土壤补充钙肥，增加果皮韧 性和硬度，提高果实口感，对减少裂果的发生具有积极效果，另外，对比 例6相较于对照组可知，膨果剂与促果剂的同时使用对改善北美冬青植株果 实外观具有积极的效果；
最后，对比例5和6虽然能够提高坐果率和增加果实成熟时的果径，但 对于裂果率、空洞率并不具有明显的改善效果，效果远不及实施例1，说明 本申请使用的膨果剂的成分能够对北美冬青植株坐果率、果实成熟时果径， 降低裂果率及空洞率具有积极效果。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和 详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是， 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以 做出若干改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)对北美冬青雌株进行挂果前的生产管理；
(2)在北美冬青雌株雌花开放时，向雌花部位施加促果剂；
(3)施加促果剂后4-5d，将北美冬青雌株移栽至盆栽土壤内，并向盆栽土壤施加生物液体菌肥；
(4)在北美冬青雌株坐果后，向盆栽土壤处施加膨果剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，其特征在于，所述生产管理具体步骤包括在新芽萌发前10-15d，每株浇灌600-1000mg/L多效唑溶液；当新芽长至8-10cm时，每隔7d全株喷施生长抑制剂1-2次。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，其特征在于，所述生长抑制剂成分为300-500mg/L多效唑、100-300mg/L烯效唑和200-400mg/L矮壮素溶液中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，其特征在于，所述促果剂成分为10-50mg/L的赤霉素、10-20mg/L2,4-D、10-30mg/L复硝酚钠和10-50mg/L6-BA，点施或喷施。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，其特征在于，所述膨果剂成分为20-40mg/L的氯吡脲、0.1-0.2mg/L木醋酸、0.1-0.2mg/L氨基酸钙和0.1-0.2mg/L噻苯隆，喷施3-5次，间隔期10-15d。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种改善盆栽北美冬青果实外观的方法，其特征在于，所述使用促果剂处理时，注意对北美冬青雌株避雨和骤然低温，所述注意避雨的时间为施用促果剂前后5-6h。
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