CN115117398A - Cold and hot electricity hydrogen cogeneration system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation - Google Patents

Cold and hot electricity hydrogen cogeneration system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115117398A
CN115117398A CN202210906973.6A CN202210906973A CN115117398A CN 115117398 A CN115117398 A CN 115117398A CN 202210906973 A CN202210906973 A CN 202210906973A CN 115117398 A CN115117398 A CN 115117398A
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pemfc
hydrogen
power
energy
pemec
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涂正凯
赵俊杰
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of combined cooling, heating and power supply, and discloses a PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation-based combined cooling, heating and power and hydrogen supply system, which comprises a renewable energy power generation system, a lithium battery, a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, a PEMFC pile, a heat storage tank and an auxiliary energy supply system; the renewable energy power generation system is used for providing electric energy which is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and redundant electric energy is stored by the lithium battery; or the electric energy is transmitted to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and insufficient electric energy is provided by a lithium battery; oxygen and hydrogen enter the PEMFC pile to perform chemical reaction to generate liquid water and heat energy; PEMFC stacks are used to provide electrical loads to the outside world and to provide electrical power to auxiliary power systems. The cold-heat-electricity-hydrogen combined supply system based on closed operation of the PEMEC-PEMFC realizes conversion and utilization of renewable energy sources and realizes cyclic conversion between water, hydrogen and oxygen.

Description

Cold and hot electricity hydrogen cogeneration system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of combined cooling heating and power supply, and particularly relates to a PEMEC-PE MFC closed-type operation-based combined cooling heating and power and hydrogen supply system.
Background
With the development of hydrogen energy technology, the use of hydrogen becomes more and more economically feasible, especially in large-scale stationary applications. Compared with the traditional power equipment, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency, high stability, low noise and the like. In addition, 45% -60% of the hydrogen energy is not utilized during PEMFC operation and is wasted in the form of heat. The waste heat generated by the PEMFC is utilized, so that the energy can be effectively saved, and the cascade utilization of the energy is realized.
Chinese patents cn202122619455.x and CN202122019824.1 both disclose a combined cooling, heating and power system based on a pem fuel cell, but both systems need to provide hydrogen from the outside, and hydrogen has a certain potential safety hazard during transportation and storage, and meanwhile, liquid water generated by the pem fuel cell cannot be recycled and directly discharged, resulting in energy loss.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a PEMEC (proton exchange membrane electrolyzer) -PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) closed operation-based combined cooling, heating and power and hydrogen system, and aims to solve the problems that hydrogen needs to be supplied from the outside and liquid water in the system cannot be recycled.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation-based cold-heat-electricity-hydrogen combined supply system, which comprises a renewable energy power generation system, a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, a lithium battery, a PEMFC pile, a heat storage tank and an auxiliary energy supply system;
the renewable energy power generation system is used for providing electric energy which is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and redundant electric energy is stored by the lithium battery; or the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and insufficient electric energy is provided by the lithium battery; the oxygen and the hydrogen enter the PEMFC pile to perform chemical reaction to generate liquid water and heat energy; the liquid water is conveyed to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, and the heat energy is conveyed to the heat storage tank for storage;
the PEMFC pile is used for providing an electric load for the outside and providing electric power for the auxiliary energy supply system, and the auxiliary energy supply system provides heat energy for the heat storage tank or realizes refrigeration based on the electric power.
Still further, the PEMFC stack includes a first stack for providing an electric load to the outside and a second stack for providing electric power to the auxiliary power supply system; the first electric pile is provided with a first PID controller, and the first PID controller is used for controlling the electric load provided by the first electric pile to the outside; and a second PID controller is arranged on the second electric pile and is used for controlling the electric power.
Further, the auxiliary power supply system is an electric heater, and the heat power generated by the electric heater is transmitted to the heat storage tank to generate the heat load.
Furthermore, a refrigerating system is connected in parallel to the heat storage tank, and the refrigerating system realizes a refrigerating function through the heat energy.
Still further, the auxiliary power supply system is a refrigerator, and the refrigerator realizes refrigeration based on the thermal power provided by the PEMFC.
Further, the renewable energy power generation system is a solar photovoltaic array, the solar photovoltaic array is formed by connecting array components in parallel, and the array components are formed by connecting photovoltaic panels in series.
Furthermore, the working efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell is between 60 and 85 percent.
Furthermore, a buffer storage tank is arranged at the outlet of the anode of the PEMFC pile and used for storing the liquid water, and a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank are arranged at the output end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Furthermore, the SOC interval of the lithium battery is 20% -90%.
Furthermore, the refrigerating system adopts a double-bed type adsorption refrigerating machine, and the heat storage tank is made of a phase-change heat storage material.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the system provides electric energy through a renewable energy power generation system, the electrolyzed water generates hydrogen and oxygen and is stored, the problems of volatility and intermittence of renewable energy can be solved, the closed operation of the PEMEC-PEMFC is realized, the hydrogen and the oxygen generated by the PEMEC and the liquid water generated by the PEMFC can be mutually converted and supplemented, the utilization rate of reactants can be 100 percent, meanwhile, the waste heat of the PEMFC pile is fully utilized, the energy is saved, the system integrates hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen utilization, and cold power, thermal power and electric load are provided to the outside.
2. In addition, an auxiliary energy supply system is arranged, and real-time matching can be achieved according to external cold power or thermal power.
3. In addition, be equipped with first PID controller, carry out real-time regulation and control to the electric load of external transport, simultaneously, be equipped with the second PID controller, can carry out real-time regulation and control to auxiliary energy supply system's thermal power or cold power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first structural diagram of a combined cooling, heating, power and hydrogen system based on closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a combined cooling, heating, power and hydrogen system based on closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC.
The structure corresponding to each numerical mark in the drawings is as follows: 1-a renewable energy power generation system, 2-a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 3-a lithium battery, 4-a PEMFC pile, 41-a first pile, 42-a second pile, 43-a first PID controller, 44-a second PID controller, 5-a heat storage tank, 6-a refrigeration system and 7-a refrigerator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the invention provides a PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation-based combined cooling, heating, power and hydrogen system, which includes a renewable energy power generation system 1, a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer 2, a lithium battery 3, a PEMFC stack 4, a heat storage tank 5, and an auxiliary energy supply system; wherein, the renewable energy power generation system 1 is used for providing electric energy; the electric energy is transmitted to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell 2 for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the redundant electric energy is stored by a lithium battery 3; or the electric energy is fed to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer 2 for electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the insufficient electric energy is supplied by the lithium battery 3, in particular, a renewable energy power generation system (Pe) pv ) And proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (Pe) PEME ) The electric power difference (delta Pe) between them is supplemented by a lithium battery; oxygen and hydrogen enter the PEMFC pile 4 to perform chemical reaction to generate liquid water and heat energy; liquid water is conveyed to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, and heat energy is conveyed to a heat storage tank 5 for storage; the PEMFC stack is used to supply an electric load to the outside and to supply electric power to the auxiliary power supply system, which supplies heat energy to the heat storage tank 5 or performs a cooling function based on the electric power, and the details of each component are described below.
Specifically, the renewable energy power generation system 1 can generate power by using renewable energy such as wind energy, water power or solar energy, in the embodiment, the renewable energy power generation system 1 is a solar photovoltaic array, the solar photovoltaic array is formed by connecting array components in parallel, the array components are formed by connecting photovoltaic panels in series, preferably, the array components are formed by connecting 10 photovoltaic panels in series, and the solar photovoltaic array operates at the maximum power point under all solar radiation conditions and provides power for the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell; similarly, the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell is formed by connecting battery packs in parallel, each battery pack is formed by connecting single fuel cells in series, one battery pack and one array assembly in series form an independent module, and all the modules are connected in parallel; the working efficiency interval of the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell is 60% -85%, preferably, in the embodiment, the working efficiency of the electrolytic cell is controlled at 80%, and the generation efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen is improved.
Further, a lithium battery 3 is adopted to balance the power difference between the solar photovoltaic array and the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell 2, and the SOC is an abbreviation of stateofcharge and generally represents the charging proportion of the lithium battery to be full of 100%; SOC, state of charge, also called the remaining capacity, represents the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery after being used for a period of time or left unused for a long period of time to the capacity of its fully charged state, and the value thereof is in the range of 0% to 100% in terms of the usual percentage, but in consideration of the reaction characteristics of chemical batteries: a buffer interval is reserved for SOC estimation to ensure that the battery works in a safe area all the time, preferably, in the embodiment, the SOC interval of the lithium battery is 20% -90% to prolong the service life of the lithium battery; the PEMFC pile adopts an oxyhydrogen water-cooled pile, and the pile temperature of the oxyhydrogen water-cooled pile is controlled to be 75-85 ℃.
The PEMFC stack 4 includes a first stack 41 and a second stack 42, the first stack 41 being used to provide an electric load to the outside, the second stack 42 being used to provide electric power to an auxiliary power supply system; the first stack is provided with a first PID controller 43, the first PID controller 43 is used for controlling the magnitude of the electric load provided by the first stack 41 to the outside, specifically, the first PID controller 43 controls the output current I of the first stack 41 1 And further controls the output electric power (Pe) 1 ) The control of the external electric load is realized; the second electric pile 42 is provided with a second PID controller 43, and the second electric pile 43 provides electric power (Pe) for the auxiliary energy supply system 2 )。
As shown in fig. 1, when the PEMEC-PEMFC closed-operation-based combined cooling, heating, power and hydrogen system of the present invention is used in summer, a cooling load needs to be provided to the outside, at this time, the heat storage tank 5 is connected in parallel with the refrigeration system 6, the refrigeration system 6 starts to refrigerate by heat energy generated by the PEMFC to generate cooling power, the cooling power is used to generate the cooling load, when the refrigeration system 6 cannot meet a cooling demand, at this time, the auxiliary energy supply system is the refrigerator 7, and the refrigerator 7 is used to provide cooling power insufficient for the refrigeration system, so as to further provide cooling power insufficient for the refrigeration system, and thus, the heat storage tank 5 is connected in parallel with the refrigeration system 6, and the auxiliary energy supply system is the refrigerator 7Providing an insufficient cooling load to the refrigeration system; specifically, the refrigeration system 6 employs an adsorption refrigerator which generates cold power (Pc) using heat energy (Q) generated by the PEMFC stack Ads ) Cold power deficient part (Pc) Aux ) Compensated by the refrigerator 7, the electrical power required for which is provided by the second galvanic stack 42; at the same time, the current I of the second stack 41 is adjusted using the second PID controller 44 2 The cold load is adjusted in real time, the heat energy (Q) loses a part of heat energy through the adsorption refrigerator, enters the heat storage tank 5 to store a part of heat energy, the rest heat energy is mixed with the heat energy (Q) generated by the electric pile and then enters the heat storage tank again, and the heat energy (delta Q) stored in the heat storage tank 2 ) For satisfying the external thermal load.
As shown in FIG. 2, when heat supply to the outside is required in winter when the combined cooling heating and power and hydrogen system based on closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC according to the present invention is used, heat energy (DELTA Q) stored in the regenerator is generated 2 ) The external heat supply demand cannot be met, at the moment, the auxiliary energy supply system is an electric heater, and the heat power generated by the electric heater is transmitted to the heat storage tank 5 to generate heat load. Specifically, the first stack generates 41 and the second stack generates thermal energy (Q) 1 +Q 2 ) Stored in the heat storage tank, and the stored heat energy preferentially satisfies the external heat load and insufficient heat energy (Q) Aux ) Compensated by an electric heater, the electric power required by which is provided by the second cell stack 42. Meanwhile, the second PID controller 44 adjusts the current I of the second stack 2 And the real-time adjustment of the heat load is realized.
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell adopts a cathode-anode closed operation mode, a buffer storage tank is arranged at an anode outlet of the PEMFC pile and used for storing liquid water generated during anode pulse discharge, the liquid water is supplied to the PEMFC, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank are arranged at an output end of the PEMFC, hydrogen and oxygen generated by the PEMFC are regulated to stable pressure through the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank and are conveyed to the PEMFC pile, and the closed operation of a PEMEC-PEMFC system is realized. Preferably, the anode is pulsed when the average voltage of the PEMFC stack drops by 10%; the heat storage tank is made of a phase-change material, and preferably, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material is 40-50 ℃.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cold-heat-electricity-hydrogen combined supply system based on closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC is characterized by comprising a renewable energy power generation system (1), a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (2), a lithium battery (3), a PEMFC pile (4), a heat storage tank (5) and an auxiliary energy supply system;
the renewable energy power generation system (1) is used for providing electric energy which is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (2) for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the redundant electric energy is stored by the lithium battery (3); or the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (2) for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the insufficient electric energy is provided by the lithium battery (3); the oxygen and the hydrogen enter the PEMFC pile (4) to perform chemical reaction to generate liquid water and heat energy; the liquid water is conveyed to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, and the heat energy is conveyed to the heat storage tank (5) for storage;
the PEMFC pile (4) is used for providing an electric load for the outside and providing electric power for the auxiliary energy supply system, and the auxiliary energy supply system provides heat energy for the heat storage tank (5) or realizes refrigeration based on the electric power.
2. A combined cooling, heating and hydrogen system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation according to claim 1, wherein the PEMFC stack (4) includes a first stack (41) and a second stack (42), the first stack (41) is used to provide an electric load to the outside, the second stack is used to provide electric power to the auxiliary power supply system; the first electric pile (41) is provided with a first PID controller (43), and the first PID controller (43) is used for controlling the magnitude of an electric load provided by the first electric pile (41) to the outside; and a second PID controller (44) is arranged on the second electric pile (42), and the second PID controller (44) is used for controlling the electric power.
3. A cogeneration system based on closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary power supply system is an electric heater, and said electric heater generates thermal power which is delivered to said heat storage tank (5) to generate a thermal load.
4. A combined cooling, heating and hydrogen system based on closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC according to claim 1, wherein a refrigeration system (6) is connected in parallel to the heat storage tank (5), and the refrigeration system (6) performs a refrigeration function by the heat energy.
5. The PEMEC-PEMFC closed-type operation-based combined cooling, heating, power and hydrogen system according to claim 4, wherein the auxiliary power supply system is a refrigerator (7), and the refrigerator (7) realizes refrigeration based on the thermal power provided by the PEMFC stack (4).
6. The PEMEC-PEMFC closed-operation-based combined cooling, heating, power and hydrogen system according to claim 1, wherein the renewable energy power generation system (1) is a solar photovoltaic array composed of parallel array components composed of series photovoltaic panels.
7. The PEMEC-PEMFC closed-operation-based combined cooling, heating and power and hydrogen system according to claim 1, wherein the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer has an operating efficiency between 60% and 85%.
8. A combined cooling, heating and hydrogen system based on closed PEMEC-PEMFC operation according to claim 1, wherein the PEMFC stack (4) has a buffer storage tank at the anode outlet for storing the liquid water, and the pem fuel cell (2) has a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank at the output.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the lithium battery has an SOC range of 20-90%.
10. The PEMEC-PEMFC closed-operation-based combined cooling, heating and power and hydrogen system according to claim 4, characterized in that the refrigerating system (6) adopts a double-bed adsorption refrigerator and the heat storage tank is made of a phase-change heat storage material.
CN202210906973.6A 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Cold and hot electricity hydrogen cogeneration system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation Pending CN115117398A (en)

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CN202210906973.6A CN115117398A (en) 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Cold and hot electricity hydrogen cogeneration system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210906973.6A CN115117398A (en) 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Cold and hot electricity hydrogen cogeneration system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation

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CN115117398A true CN115117398A (en) 2022-09-27

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