CN115110349A - Steel rail stray current protection system - Google Patents
Steel rail stray current protection system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115110349A CN115110349A CN202210716995.6A CN202210716995A CN115110349A CN 115110349 A CN115110349 A CN 115110349A CN 202210716995 A CN202210716995 A CN 202210716995A CN 115110349 A CN115110349 A CN 115110349A
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- Prior art keywords
- insulating
- rail
- gauge block
- steel rail
- backing plate
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a steel rail stray current protection system, which belongs to the field of rail engineering power supply and stray current prevention and control and comprises the following components: a steel rail; the lower insulating rail base plates are arranged at the lower end of the steel rail at intervals; the insulating track gauge blocks are arranged in 1 group, and each 2 insulating track gauge blocks are arranged corresponding to the 1 insulating track lower backing plate; each group of 2 insulation gauge blocks are arranged on two sides of the steel rail and buckled on the steel rail; the front edge of the buckling part of the steel rail of the insulating gauge block is provided with an antifouling eave blocking structure; the insulating track gauge block is in inserting fit with the insulating track lower backing plate; after the installation is finished, contact deformation exists between the insulating gauge block and the insulating rail lower backing plate. The invention improves the non-stressed structure of the gauge block and the rail lower backing plate on the basis of not increasing the fastener part composition and the stress structure of the gauge block and the rail lower backing plate, increases the creepage distance of the fastener system, and enhances the insulation isolation between the steel rail and other iron parts of the fastener.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power supply and stray current prevention and control of rail engineering, and particularly relates to a steel rail stray current protection system.
Background
For a wheel-rail system using direct current for traction power supply, when the running rail is used as a return line to be connected with the negative electrode of the substation, traction current flows back to the substation through the running rail. The walking rail is connected with the track bed board in a fastener supporting mode, when the fastener cannot be completely insulated, partial current inevitably flows out of the track bed due to the existence of potential difference between the fastener and the track bed, and then the walking rail enters the environment around the rail. According to the characteristics of metal electrochemical corrosion, metal components in the environment into which current flows are inevitably corroded, and the larger the amount of current, the larger the corrosion amount, and the higher the corrosion speed.
Although there is a clear requirement for the insulation performance of the fastener at the beginning of construction, after the line runs for a period of time, the overall insulation performance of the fastener is obviously deteriorated due to the influence of various factors in the environment, and this condition is especially obvious for the line running for many years. According to a large amount of measured data, the transition resistance value of the steel rail to the ground in a part of lines is far smaller than 15 omega-km (scheme III) required by technical standard for subway stray current corrosion protection (CJJ/T49-2020), and some more extreme lines are even smaller than 1 omega-km, and the insulation performance is almost completely lost. Improvements to these situations include both the introduction of measures to strengthen the insulation of the rails at the beginning of the design and, on the other hand, the development of replacement measures which are easy to implement for the already operating lines, which measures must also be able to strengthen the insulation properties of the rails.
In some prior art measures for enhancing the insulation of the rail, an insulation layer is formed between the rail and the fastener by painting the rail. Still others wrap the rail at a location corresponding to the clip. The insulating layer is made of materials with good insulating property, and the materials are made into sheets to wrap or adhere on the steel rail. These approaches essentially add a high-insulation isolation layer outside the existing fastener insulation system, and connect a high resistance in series from the viewpoint of circuit simplification, and these measures have proved to be a feasible solution for improving the insulation performance of the rail. However, the above measures add a layer of physical structure in the existing fastener system from the point of view of the stress of the fastener system, which has adverse effects on the interaction between the steel rail and the fastener system, such as increasing the longitudinal resistance, reducing the friction force, and the like, and also have the problem of difficult construction. The measures are arranged on the steel rail in a brushing or cold bonding mode, in order to enhance the adhesive force between the steel rail and the steel rail, the steel rail is generally required to be derusted by using some special equipment, and the brushing or cold bonding can be completed at one time, so that the construction procedures are more, the whole construction period is longer, and the large-scale use or the replacement of an operating line is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rail stray current protection system comprising:
a steel rail;
the lower insulating rail base plates are arranged at the lower ends of the steel rails at intervals;
the insulating track gauge blocks are arranged in 1 group, and each 2 insulating track gauge blocks are arranged corresponding to 1 insulating track lower backing plate; each group of 2 insulation gauge blocks is arranged on two sides of the steel rail and buckled on the steel rail; the front edge of the steel rail buckling part of the insulating gauge block is provided with an antifouling eaves blocking structure;
the insulating track gauge block is in inserting fit with the insulating track lower backing plate so as to realize the sealing connection between the insulating track gauge block and the insulating track lower backing plate;
after the installation is finished, contact deformation exists between the insulating gauge block and the insulating rail lower backing plate.
Furthermore, the surface of the insulating gauge block, the surface of the insulating rail lower backing plate and the gap between the insulating gauge block and the insulating rail lower backing plate are all sprayed with insulating paint.
Furthermore, the insulating gauge block comprises an insulating gauge block body, and the antifouling eaves blocking structure is arranged on one side of the insulating gauge block body in the width direction; a gap is formed in the width direction of the lower base plate of the insulating rail and corresponds to the insulating gauge block body; the length difference between the notch and the insulating track gauge block is more than 2 times of the predicted play amount of the insulating track lower base plate; the two ends of the insulating gauge block body along the length direction of the steel rail are provided with plug connectors; inserting grooves are formed in two ends of the notch of the lower base plate of the insulating rail, and the inserting connectors are matched with the inserting grooves in an inserting mode.
Further, the lower surface of the gap of the lower backing plate of the insulation rail is one of an inclined surface, a U-shaped surface, a convex surface, an arc-shaped surface or other non-flat surfaces; the lower surface of the insulating gauge block is in contact with the lower surface of the gap of the insulating rail lower base plate and generates certain deformation to realize sealing connection.
Furthermore, the antifouling eave blocking structure is a protrusion arranged on the insulating gauge block body, the protrusion is positioned on one side far away from the notch, and the protrusion is in an upright or bent shape; the projections serve to isolate a path for current to be conducted along the outer surface of the insulating gage block due to contaminant accumulation.
Further, the shape of the plug is one of a rectangle, a trapezoid or a sawtooth.
Furthermore, the upper surfaces of the plug connectors at the two ends of the insulating gauge block are provided with covering parts, and the covering parts can completely cover the plug grooves at the two ends of the gap of the insulating rail lower base plate.
Further, in the length direction of the steel rail, the length of the lower base plate of the insulating rail exceeds the two side edges of the sleeper.
Further, a lower side plate is arranged at the lower end of the lower base plate of the insulation rail, and an iron base plate is coated on the side surface of the lower side plate; the lower backing plate of the insulated rail is provided with edge wrapping parts corresponding to two side surfaces of the steel rail, and the edge wrapping parts are of vertical or arc structures; and the top end of the edge wrapping part is provided with an eave type structure.
Further, the surface of the lower side plate is coated with hydrophobic, oleophobic and ash-repellent paint.
Has the advantages that:
1. according to the steel rail stray current protection system provided by the invention, on the basis of not increasing the fastener part composition and the stress structure of the gauge block and the rail lower base plate, the non-stress structure of the gauge block and the rail lower base plate is improved, the creepage distance of the fastener system is increased, the insulation isolation between the steel rail and other iron pieces of the fastener is enhanced, and particularly the insulation performance of the fastener system in a wet state is increased.
2. The contact deformation between the hard insulating gauge block and the insulating rail lower backing plate made of elastic materials is utilized to realize the sealing between the hard insulating gauge block and the insulating rail lower backing plate at the gap. The mode has small contact surface and small contact resultant force, and can not obviously influence the buckling pressure of the elastic strip and the longitudinal resistance of the steel rail.
3. The lower side surface and the overhanging bottom surface of the insulating rail lower backing plate are coated with paint with hydrophobic, oleophobic and ash-repelling properties, so that the accumulation of pollutants on the corresponding surface can be realized, and the possibility of conduction from the corresponding surface is reduced.
4. The stray current protection system does not increase the component composition of the fastener system, does not structurally change the stress mode of the gauge block and the rail lower backing plate, only adopts special insulation design at the periphery of the corresponding component, and does not influence the original performance of the fastener.
5. The invention only modifies the non-stressed structure of the gauge block and the rail lower backing plate, the installation method of the corresponding parts is consistent with the requirements of the original fastener system, other procedures are not required to be added, the construction is convenient, and the better construction efficiency is ensured.
6. The product provided by the invention can be applied to various lines due to quick construction, does not increase the workload of subsequent operation and maintenance, and only needs to be cleaned according to the related regulations according to the existing ballast bed flushing mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general view of a stray current control system for a rail according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the insulation gauge block of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the construction of the lower pad of the insulated rail of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the contact seal between the gauge block and the lower pad of the insulated rail according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the deformable surface of the invention in contact with the bottom surface of the insulating gauge block.
Wherein, 1, steel rail; 2. insulating the gauge block; 21. an antifouling eaves-blocking structure; 22. a plug-in connector; 23. a cover portion; 3. insulating rail lower backing plates; 31. a cantilever structure; 32. wrapping the edge part; 33. a notch; 34. an eave-type structure; 35. a deformable surface; 36. inserting grooves; 37. a lower side plate; 4. an iron backing plate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-5, a rail stray current protection system comprising:
a steel rail 1;
the lower insulating rail base plates 3 are arranged at the lower end of the steel rail 1 at intervals;
the device comprises a plurality of insulating track gauge blocks 2, wherein each 2 insulating track gauge blocks are 1 group and are arranged corresponding to 1 insulating track lower base plate 3; each group of 2 insulation gauge blocks 2 are arranged on two sides of the steel rail 1 and buckled on the steel rail 1; the front edge of the buckling part of the steel rail 1 of the insulating gauge block 2 is provided with an antifouling eave blocking structure 21;
the insulating gauge block 2 is in plug-in fit with the insulating rail lower backing plate 3 so as to realize the sealing connection between the insulating gauge block 2 and the insulating rail lower backing plate 3;
after the installation is finished, contact deformation exists between the insulating gauge block 2 and the insulating rail lower backing plate 3.
In the embodiment, the lower insulating rail base plate 3 is fixedly installed on the sleeper through a screw spike, and the insulating gauge block 1 is buckled on the steel rail 1 through a fastener. Wherein, the lower backing plate 3 of the insulated rail is arranged corresponding to the sleeper.
In this embodiment, in the aspect of stress, the structure size and the stress strength of the basic contact surface of the adopted insulating gauge block 2 and the steel rail 1 are consistent with those of a common gauge block, the stress of an original fastener is not changed, and the adaptive capacity is good when the existing line of the gauge blocks with different styles is transformed.
The main stress structure of the contact part of the insulating gauge block 2 and the steel rail 1 and the fastener iron seat is consistent with that of a common gauge block; the main stress structure of the lower backing plate 3 of the insulated rail is consistent with that of the lower backing plate of the common rail.
In this embodiment, the length of the insulating rail lower pad 3 along the length direction of the steel rail 1 is longer than that of the common pad, and overhanging structures 31 are formed at both ends.
In the embodiment, the surface of the insulating gauge block 2, the surface of the insulating rail lower backing plate 3 and the gap between the insulating gauge block 2 and the insulating rail lower backing plate 3 are all coated with insulating paint.
In the embodiment, the insulating gauge block 2 comprises an insulating gauge block body, and the antifouling eaves blocking structure 21 is arranged on one side of the insulating gauge block body in the width direction; a gap 33 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the insulating gauge block body, in the width direction of the insulating rail lower backing plate 3; the length difference between the notch 33 and the insulating track gauge block 2 is more than 2 times of the predicted play amount of the insulating track lower backing plate 3; the two ends of the insulating gauge block body along the length direction of the steel rail 1 are provided with plug-in connectors 22; inserting grooves 36 are arranged at two ends of the gap 33 of the lower pad plate 3 of the insulation rail, and the inserting connectors 22 are matched with the inserting grooves 36 in an inserting mode.
Wherein, be equipped with bayonet joint 22 at the both ends of insulating gauge block 2, and be equipped with inserting groove 36 at insulating rail lower bolster 3's correspondence, can increase the creepage distance of the breach 33 department of the both ends of insulating gauge block 2 and insulating rail lower bolster 3.
In this embodiment, the front edge of the fastening part of the steel rail 1 of the insulating gauge block 2 is provided with an antifouling eaves blocking structure 21, which can increase the creepage distance of the front edge of the gauge block, thereby enhancing the insulating property thereof.
In this embodiment, the antifouling eaves-blocking structure 21 is a protrusion disposed on the insulating gauge block body, the protrusion is located on a side away from the notch 33, and the protrusion is in an upright or curved shape; the projections serve to isolate the path for current to be conducted along the outer surface of the insulating gage block 2 due to contaminant build-up.
In the present embodiment, the shape of the plug 22 is one of rectangular, trapezoidal, or zigzag.
The upper surfaces of the gaps 33 in the insulating gauge block 2 and the insulating rail lower backing plate 3 adopt a contact sealing scheme to realize the sealing of the gap between the two. After the insulating gauge block 2 is installed in place, the insulating gauge block can be in contact with the lower surface of the notch 33 in the lower backing plate 3 of the insulating rail to enable the insulating gauge block to elastically deform, so that the sealing and seepage-proofing effects are achieved, and direct communication between the steel rail 1 and other parts of the fastener, caused by flowing and accumulation of liquid such as water, oil and dust at small positions, is avoided.
In the embodiment, the lower surfaces of the notches 33 on both sides of the lower pad 3 of the insulated rail are provided with deformable surfaces 35 which are in contact with the bottom surface of the gauge block 2 of the insulated rail.
Wherein, the deformable surface 35 is one of an inclined surface, a U-shaped surface, a convex shaped surface, an arc-shaped surface or other non-flat surfaces; the lower surface of the insulating gauge block 2 is contacted with the lower surface of the gap 33 of the insulating rail lower backing plate 3 and generates certain deformation to realize sealing connection.
Because the deformed section adopted by the notch 33 is in a small rigidity form, the notch can be deformed by being compressed by the upper insulating gauge block 2 after being installed, and therefore the sealing is realized. Due to its small deformation cross-section, the interaction force with the insulating gauge block 2 is negligible. From the stress state of the fastener, the interaction generated by the contact seal can not obviously influence the overall stress state of the fastener.
In this embodiment, the covering portions 23 are disposed on the upper surfaces of the plugs 22 at the two ends of the insulation rail gauge block 2, and the covering portions 23 can completely cover the insertion grooves 36 at the two ends of the notch 33 of the insulation rail lower pad 3.
The two ends of the insulating gauge block 2 are covered by the covering parts 23 on the top surfaces of the plug connectors 22, so that liquid and small pollutants can be prevented from being directly conducted on the connecting surfaces of the two, the creepage distance between the two is increased by 3-4 times, accumulation of external pollutants in the insertion groove 36 is reduced, and the risk that other parts of the fastener cannot be conducted with steel is reduced.
In the embodiment, the length of the lower backing plate 3 of the insulated rail exceeds the two side edges of the sleeper in the length direction of the steel rail 1, so that the problem that water in the insulated gauge block 2 is drained to the upper surface of a track bed plate directly under the condition of moisture or rainwater can be avoided.
In this embodiment, the lower end of the lower pad 3 of the insulated rail is provided with a lower side plate 37, and the side surface of the lower side plate 37 is wrapped with an iron pad 4, so that the accumulation of pollutants can be reduced by utilizing the characteristic of low surface energy of the side surface at this position, and the possibility of conduction at this position is reduced.
The insulating rail lower backing plate 3 is provided with edge wrapping parts 32 corresponding to two side surfaces of the steel rail 1, and the edge wrapping parts 32 are in a vertical or arc structure; the top end of the hem 32 is provided with a eave structure 34.
In this embodiment, the surface of the lower plate 37 is painted with hydrophobic, oleophobic and ash repellant paints.
After the fastener and the steel rail 1 are installed, the outer surface of the part at the fastener is coated with paint with hydrophobic, oleophobic and ash-repelling properties.
The steel rail stray current protection system provided by the embodiment has good sealing, water-blocking and insulating properties. The installation of this scheme product is as good as with the assembly use of ordinary fastener, and construction quality obtains satisfying easily. The invention has the other characteristic that the corresponding product of the invention simplifies the construction process of the corresponding product and greatly improves the installation and maintenance efficiency of the stray current protection system because the construction efficiency is more consistent with that of the common fastener.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rail stray current protection system, comprising:
a steel rail;
the lower insulating rail base plates are arranged at the lower ends of the steel rails at intervals;
the insulating track gauge blocks are arranged in 1 group, and each 2 insulating track gauge blocks are arranged corresponding to 1 insulating track lower backing plate; each group of 2 insulation gauge blocks is arranged on two sides of the steel rail and buckled on the steel rail; the front edge of the buckling and pressing part of the steel rail is provided with an antifouling eave blocking structure by the insulating gauge block;
the insulating track gauge block is in inserting fit with the insulating track lower backing plate so as to realize the sealing connection between the insulating track gauge block and the insulating track lower backing plate;
after the installation is finished, contact deformation exists between the insulating gauge block and the insulating rail lower backing plate.
2. A rail stray current protection system according to claim 1, wherein the surfaces of said gauge blocks, said lower pads and the gaps between said gauge blocks and said lower pads are coated with an insulating coating.
3. A rail stray current protection system according to claim 1, wherein said insulating gauge block includes an insulating gauge block body, said dirt-proof eaves structure being provided on one side of said insulating gauge block body in the width direction; a gap is formed in the width direction of the lower base plate of the insulating rail and corresponds to the insulating gauge block body; the length difference between the notch and the insulating track gauge block is more than 2 times of the predicted play amount of the insulating track lower base plate; the two ends of the insulating gauge block body along the length direction of the steel rail are provided with plug connectors; inserting grooves are formed in two ends of the notch of the lower base plate of the insulating rail, and the inserting connectors are matched with the inserting grooves in an inserting mode.
4. A rail stray current protection system according to claim 3, wherein the lower surface of the gap of said lower insulating rail pad is one of a beveled surface, a U-shaped surface, a convex shaped surface, an arc shaped surface or other non-planar surface; the lower surface of the insulating gauge block is in contact with the lower surface of the gap of the insulating rail lower base plate and generates certain deformation to realize sealing connection.
5. A rail stray current protection system according to claim 3, wherein said anti-fouling eaves structure is a protrusion provided on the insulating gauge block body, said protrusion being located on a side away from said gap, and said protrusion being in an upright or curved shape; the protrusions serve to isolate a path for current to be conducted along the outer surface of the insulating gage block due to contaminant accumulation.
6. A rail stray current protection system according to claim 3, wherein said plug is one of rectangular, trapezoidal or saw-toothed in shape.
7. A steel rail stray current protection system according to claim 6, wherein the upper surfaces of the plug connectors at the two ends of the insulating gauge block are provided with covering portions capable of completely covering the plug grooves at the two ends of the gap of the lower base plate of the insulating rail.
8. A rail stray current protection system according to claim 1, wherein said insulating rail lower tie plate extends beyond the two side edges of the tie in the length direction of said rail.
9. A steel rail stray current protection system according to claim 1, wherein a lower side plate is arranged at the lower end of the lower base plate of the insulation rail, and an iron base plate is coated on the side surface of the lower side plate; the lower backing plate of the insulated rail is provided with edge wrapping parts corresponding to two side surfaces of the steel rail, and the edge wrapping parts are of vertical or arc structures; and the top end of the edge wrapping part is provided with an eave type structure.
10. A rail stray current protection system according to claim 9, wherein said lower side plate is coated with hydrophobic, oleophobic and ash-repellent coatings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210716995.6A CN115110349B (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Steel rail stray current protection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210716995.6A CN115110349B (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Steel rail stray current protection system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115110349A true CN115110349A (en) | 2022-09-27 |
| CN115110349B CN115110349B (en) | 2023-03-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210716995.6A Active CN115110349B (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Steel rail stray current protection system |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH078406U (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-02-07 | 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Insulation structure of metal sleepers |
| JPH078402U (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1995-02-07 | 株式会社クボタ | Insulation structure of metal sleepers |
| CN107700285A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-16 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Rail fastener system and its insulating method |
| KR20200045783A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-05-06 | 한국철도기술연구원 | Concrete track structure having vibration proofing pad for self-diagnosis, and method for estimating replacement time of vibration proofing pad |
| CN111560801A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-21 | 陕西九域通创轨道系统技术有限责任公司 | Track traffic assembly for preventing and treating stray current corrosion influence and construction method thereof |
| CN112779824A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-11 | 北京铁科首钢轨道技术股份有限公司 | Fastener without shoulder |
| CN114293407A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-08 | 湖南九域同创高分子新材料有限责任公司 | Stray current prevention system under fastener plate |
-
2022
- 2022-06-23 CN CN202210716995.6A patent/CN115110349B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH078406U (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-02-07 | 財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 | Insulation structure of metal sleepers |
| JPH078402U (en) * | 1993-07-07 | 1995-02-07 | 株式会社クボタ | Insulation structure of metal sleepers |
| CN107700285A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-02-16 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | Rail fastener system and its insulating method |
| KR20200045783A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-05-06 | 한국철도기술연구원 | Concrete track structure having vibration proofing pad for self-diagnosis, and method for estimating replacement time of vibration proofing pad |
| CN111560801A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-21 | 陕西九域通创轨道系统技术有限责任公司 | Track traffic assembly for preventing and treating stray current corrosion influence and construction method thereof |
| CN112779824A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-05-11 | 北京铁科首钢轨道技术股份有限公司 | Fastener without shoulder |
| CN114293407A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-08 | 湖南九域同创高分子新材料有限责任公司 | Stray current prevention system under fastener plate |
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| CN115110349B (en) | 2023-03-24 |
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