Protective structure of rail insulation fastener
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail fastener insulation, in particular to a rail insulation fastener protection structure.
Background
In recent decades, urban rail transit construction in China has rapidly progressed, and built urban rail subway lines have been networked in large cities. For example: in the DC electric transportation system of urban subway line, steel rail is used as return line, and the existing steel rail installation technology can not achieve complete insulation to ground in the complicated subway environment, so that part of current always leaks into the ground to form stray current. The stray current can generate serious current corrosion to the steel bar structure of the subway tunnel body, the buried metal components, pipeline facilities and the like, endanger the safety of building facilities, such as pipeline explosion or platform collapse and the like, and cause disastrous results.
At present, the steel rail and the ground are physically isolated and insulated through an insulating gauge block and a rail lower backing plate in the steel rail fastener assembly. The steel rail fastener meets insulation requirements in theoretical design and laboratory detection, but is inevitably polluted by dust, scrap iron, moisture and other factors after being installed in an actual field, so that the surface leakage resistance of the steel rail fastener is far smaller than the physical isolation type insulation resistance of the fastener body, and the insulation performance between the steel rail and the ground is invalid.
CN206941315U discloses an elastic insulating pad and vibration damping fastener system, wherein the elastic insulating pad comprises an elastic bottom plate for cladding the bottom end surface of the rail to be installed; also includes an elastic bending plate; the elastic bending plate is connected with the elastic bottom plate and is used for wrapping rail feet of the steel rail to be installed; the elastic bending plate is also provided with a notch, and the rail foot area corresponding to the notch is a compaction area of the gauge block. The technology can improve the overall insulation performance of the vibration reduction fastener system, can also improve the insulation performance of the anchor bolt, and reduces the leakage of stray current, thereby reducing the electrochemical corrosion of the track system. However, this technique has the following drawbacks: (1) according to the scheme, the steel rail is only partially wrapped, particularly, insulation wrapping treatment is not performed at the track gauge block, and stray current can still diffuse into the iron base plate and the ballast bed through the insulation wrapping treatment; (2) the surface of the system is not provided with an anti-fouling mechanism, so that the system is easy to be polluted, and the current is easy to be conducted from the surface of the system after pollution.
CN212688578U discloses a fastener back-fastening type insulation protection device, which comprises a steel rail, fasteners and a steel rail pad assembly, wherein the fasteners on two sides of the steel rail are continuously covered with an insulation isolation layer, the insulation isolation layer is attached to the bottom surface and the side wall of the steel rail, and the outer side of the insulation isolation layer is in sealing connection with the outer wall of the steel rail pad assembly. The insulating isolation layer does not need to wrap the steel rail, so that the problem that pollutants such as oil and water enter the inside of the insulating isolation layer is solved, the steel rail does not need to be strictly bonded with the insulating isolation layer, polishing treatment on the steel rail is not needed, and construction is more convenient. However, this technique has the following drawbacks: this scheme is wrapped up in the bullet strip completely and is kept apart, leads to daily inspection unable inspection bullet strip state, does not possess the practicality, and is difficult for maintaining.
CN213114123U discloses a steel rail insulating sleeve for preventing and treating the corrosion effect of stray current, the insulating sleeve is continuously wrapped on the surface of the bottom of the steel rail and rail webs on two sides, the insulating sleeve adopts a single-layer or a plurality of layers of structural designs, the body of the insulating sleeve is an insulating layer, the plurality of layers of structures sequentially comprise an enhancement layer and an antifouling layer, or one of the enhancement layer and the antifouling layer is used, an anti-wear mechanism matched with a gauge block is arranged on the insulating sleeve, and an insulating sleeve protecting device is arranged on the insulating sleeve. However, this technique has the following drawbacks: (1) according to the scheme, the steel rail is integrally wrapped, and the steel rail is required to be integrally polished and derusted; the construction is complex, the requirements on the operation process and the operation environment are extremely high, and the implementation is difficult; (2) the track gauge block is not subjected to insulation wrapping treatment, and stray current can still diffuse into the iron base plate and the ballast bed through the track gauge block; (3) the insulating sleeve is added, the existing fastener structure is changed, and the market acceptance is low.
In summary, in order to solve the problem of insulation performance of the rail fastener in complex environments in actual application in urban rail transit, it is necessary to develop a rail fastener which is easy to implement and has improved moisture-proof and anti-fouling capabilities, so that the leakage resistance of the rail fastener along the surface still can meet the requirement of insulation performance under the environmental pollution caused by dust, scrap iron, humidity and other factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the steel rail insulating fastener protection structure which has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in construction and dampproof and antifouling capabilities.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a steel rail insulating fastener protecting structure comprises a gauge block and a rail lower backing plate; the track gauge block comprises a track gauge block body and a first protection body which extends outwards along the periphery of the upper surface of the track gauge block body, and the track lower base plate comprises a base plate body and a second protection body which extends outwards along the periphery of the base plate body.
Further, the first protection body is an umbrella skirt structure, an arc structure or a plane structure which extends transversely and longitudinally to the steel rail along the upper surface of the track distance block body except for the edge close to the shoulder of the iron backing plate.
Further, the umbrella skirt structure is a skirt structure formed by extending outwards along the upper surface of the track block body and bending downwards.
Further, the bottom end face of the gauge block body is provided with a through groove along the length direction, and the through groove is communicated with the first protection body to form a closed-loop protection structure.
Further, the second protection body is a plane, an inclined plane, an arc surface or an umbrella skirt structure which extends outwards along the peripheral edge of the base plate body.
Further, after the gauge block body is installed, the first protection body extends to the upper surface of the rail bottom of the steel rail, and a gap is arranged between the first protection body and the upper surface of the rail bottom.
Further, the first protective body, the second protective body, the gauge block body and the backing plate body isolate the steel rail from other metal fasteners in the insulating fasteners; the metal fastener comprises an iron base plate arranged at the lower part of the rail lower base plate, and a gap is arranged between the lower end of the second protection body and the rail bearing surface of the iron base plate.
Further, the through groove is positioned in the middle of the shoulder of the iron base plate and the side surface of the rail bottom of the steel rail.
Further, a hydrophobic anti-fouling coating is arranged on the gauge block and/or the rail pad.
Further, the second protection body extends downwards in an inclined mode along the base plate body, and an included angle of 8-12 degrees is formed between the second protection body and the upper surface of the base plate body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the umbrella skirt type gauge block and the rail lower base plate to replace the existing gauge block and rail lower base plate, on one hand, compared with the existing method for directly and integrally wrapping the steel rail or integrally wrapping each part of the insulating fastener, the construction is simple, the implementation is easy, and the inspection or maintenance of each part of the insulating fastener is not influenced; on the other hand, the creepage distance of the creepage path of the insulating part is prolonged, and meanwhile, the insulating interface which is difficult to pollute and wet is also added on the creepage path, so that the aim of keeping good insulating performance between the steel rail and the ground under complex environments such as pollution, wet and the like is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gage block according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an internal perspective view of a gage block according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an external perspective view of a gage block according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a rail pad according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the rail pad of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic longitudinal section of the embodiment of the rail pad of FIG. 5;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of an iron pallet according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The attached drawings are used for identifying and describing:
1-gauge block; 2-a rail pad; 3-spring strips; 4-an iron backing plate; 5-spike; 6, a steel rail; 7, a plate lower backing plate; 8-embedding a sleeve; 9-T-shaped bolts; 10-sleeper; 11-gauge block body; 12-a first protective body; 13-through grooves; 21-a backing plate body; 22-a second protective body; 41-a rail bearing surface; 42-rail-bearing groove; 43-a shoulder; 121-a first skirt; 221-a second skirt.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 8: a steel rail insulating fastener protecting structure comprises a gauge block 1 and a rail lower backing plate 2; the gauge block 1 comprises a gauge block body 11 and a first protecting body 12 which extends transversely and longitudinally towards the steel rail along the periphery of the upper surface of the gauge block body 11 except for the edge close to the shoulder of the iron pad; the rail pad 2 comprises a pad body 21 and a second protecting body 22 extending outwards along the pad body 21; the gage blocks 1 and the rail pad 2 isolate the rail 10 from other ones of the insulated fasteners.
The scheme has the following advantages: on one hand, compared with the prior art that the rail is directly and integrally wrapped or the insulating fastener parts are integrally wrapped, the construction is simple, the implementation is easy, and the inspection or maintenance of the insulating fastener parts is not influenced; on the other hand, because the stray current on the existing steel rail is easily transferred to the iron backing plate through the gauge block and the rail lower backing plate, and then is transferred to the ground through the bolts by the iron backing plate, thereby corroding the steel bars or pipelines under the foundation.
The transverse and longitudinal extension of the rail is directed to the rail direction, and extends along the transverse direction (i.e. the width direction of the gauge block body) and the longitudinal direction (i.e. the length direction of the gauge block body) of the upper surface of the gauge block body. The first protection body of this embodiment mainly extends along three face, and the logical groove intercommunication that the bottom face of first protection body and gauge piece body offered along length direction simultaneously forms closed loop protection architecture.
The prior rail insulation fastener mainly comprises a rail gauge block 1, a rail lower base plate 2, an iron base plate 4, an elastic strip 3, a plate lower base plate 7 and a spike 5, wherein the lower part of a rail 6 is sequentially provided with the rail lower base plate 2, the iron base plate 4 and the plate lower base plate 7, the rail bottom side part of the rail 6 is clamped with the rail gauge block 1, the spike 5 sequentially passes through the iron base plate 4 and the plate lower base plate 7 and is fixed in a sleeper 10 with an embedded sleeve 8, and a T-shaped bolt 9 presses the rail 6 on the rail lower base plate 2 through the elastic strip 3 and the rail gauge block 1.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4: in this embodiment, the first protecting body 12 may be an umbrella skirt structure, an arc structure or a plane structure extending outwards along three sides of the upper surface of the rail block body. The plane structure is a horizontal extension along the upper surface of the track block body, and the cross section of each surface is a straight-line structure; the arc-shaped structure is characterized in that the arc-shaped structure is bent and extended along the upper surface of the track distance block body and has a certain radian; the umbrella skirt structure is characterized in that the umbrella skirt structure extends outwards along the upper surface and is bent to form a skirt structure. The structures can play roles in resisting dirt and moisture, but the umbrella skirt structure is designed to be better, so that the first protection body is preferably designed to be in an umbrella skirt structure.
The first protection body of the umbrella skirt in this embodiment is a skirt structure formed by sequentially extending upward and outward along the upper surface of the track pitch block body 11 and then bending downward. Namely, a first skirt edge 121 which is bent upwards, outwards and downwards at last is additionally arranged on the periphery of the upper surface of the existing gauge block body (except for the edges close to the iron pad shoulder 43), and the first skirt edges of the three surfaces are connected into a whole, and the cross section shape of the first skirt edge is similar to that of an inverted hook. The first protection body is designed into the umbrella skirt structure according to the embodiment, because the umbrella skirt structure can enable the first skirt edge 121 to be coherent along the periphery of the track gauge block body 11, a difficult-to-pollute area is formed inside the umbrella skirt, the creepage distance of the creepage part along the surface is prolonged, and meanwhile, the insulated interface which is difficult to pollute and wet is also increased on the creepage path along the surface, so that the aim of keeping good insulating performance between the steel rail and the ground under complex environments such as pollution, wetting and the like is fulfilled, and stray current cannot reach a track bed through the upper surface of the track gauge block.
Preferably, the height of the first skirt edge 121 protruding from the upper surface of the gauge block body 11 is 0-5 mm, and the protruding height may be a plane or different; the first skirt 121 extends outwardly a width of 5-10 a mm a; the side surface of the first skirt edge 121 which is bent downwards is 5-9 mm; the thickness of the first skirt edge 121 is about 2 to 2.5 mm. The above-mentioned dimensions are designed according to installation space limitation and economic consideration to reasonably design installation space and reduce cost.
In the embodiment, a gap is arranged between the lower end of the first skirt edge 121 of the first protection body 12 which is bent downwards and the upper surface of the rail bottom of the steel rail 6; through setting up the clearance, can prevent to cause the umbrella skirt isolation inefficacy under influence such as water or dust. The bottom end surface of the gauge block body 1 is provided with a through groove 13 along the length direction, and the through groove 13 is communicated with the first protection body 12 to form a closed loop protection structure. Wherein the first skirt continues to extend downwardly to the location of the through slot 13 at the edge adjacent the shoulder 43 and communicates with the through slot 13 to form a complete isolation interface. The through groove 13 is positioned at the middle position of the retaining shoulder of the iron pad plate and the side surface of the rail bottom of the steel rail.
In this embodiment, the first protection body 12 is integrally formed with the gage block body 11.
As shown in fig. 5 to 7: in this embodiment, the second protection body 22 of the rail pad 2 is preferably an umbrella skirt structure extending outwards along the peripheral edge of the pad body 21. Specifically, the cross-section structure of the rail pad is that a second skirt edge 221 which extends outwards and then bends downwards is additionally arranged at the position, close to the upper surface, of the peripheral side surface of the pad body, and the shape of the second skirt edge 221 is inverted U-shaped, similar to an inverted hook. By arranging the second skirt edge 221 on the pad body 21, on one hand, since the pad body and the gauge block body are arranged between the steel rail and the iron pad, physical isolation type insulation is formed; on the other hand, through combining the rail lower backing plate umbrella skirt and the gauge block umbrella skirt, dust and water are prevented from accumulating, the effects of dampproofing and dirt isolation are achieved, and the steel rail can be completely insulated and isolated from metal fasteners such as an iron backing plate, a spike and the like. For example, by arranging the first protective body on the gauge block, dust and water are prevented from accumulating, so that the effects of moisture prevention and dirt isolation are achieved, stray current at the rail bottom of the steel rail cannot pass through the upper surface of the first protective body of the gauge block, and an insulating interface is formed by the first protective body; by arranging the second protective body on the rail lower base plate, dust and water are prevented from accumulating, the effects of dampproofing and dirt isolation are achieved, and stray current under the rail bottom of the steel rail can be prevented from flowing through the rail lower base plate and entering the iron base plate to cause communication among all parts. Therefore, the steel rail has obvious ground insulation effect through the double protection of the pad body, the gauge block body, the pad umbrella skirt under the rail and the gauge block umbrella skirt.
In this embodiment, the second skirt 221 is continuous along the upper side periphery of the pad body 21 to form an umbrella skirt structure. The width of the second skirt 221 extending outwards is 7-10 mm, the height of the side surface of the second skirt 221 bending downwards is 6-8 mm, and the thickness of the second skirt is about 2-2.5 mm. The upper surface of the second skirt 221 is inclined downward to form an angle of 8 ° to 12 ° with the upper plane of the pad body 21. The above-mentioned dimensions are designed according to installation space limitation and economic consideration to reasonably design installation space and reduce cost.
In this embodiment, a gap is provided between the lower end of the second skirt 221 of the rail pad 2 bent downward and the rail bearing surface 41 of the iron pad 4. A gap is also provided between the side end of the second skirt and the shoulder 43 of the iron pad 4. The gaps are all more than or equal to 3mm, and the preferable gaps are 5mm. Through setting up the clearance, can prevent pollution factors such as water or dust from leading to the fact the isolation inefficacy to the umbrella skirt.
In this embodiment, the upper surface, the side surface and the outer side and the inner concave surface of each of the gauge block 1 and the rail pad 2, and the first skirt edge and the second skirt edge may be coated with a hydrophobic anti-fouling coating, such as a hydrophobic nano coating. Through setting up hydrophobic anti-soil coating, can further prevent the accumulation of moisture, greasy dirt or dust to prevent the intercommunication between rail and metal fastener such as iron backing plate, spike, in order to protect underground reinforcing bar, pipeline etc. from corroding.
In this embodiment, the second protection body and the rail pad body are integrally formed.
It can be understood that the first protection body can also be an umbrella skirt structure which directly extends outwards along the upper surface of the track distance block body and then bends downwards.
It can be understood that the second protecting body may also be an inclined surface structure extending outwards and downwards along the peripheral edge of the pad body, i.e. without bending treatment.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the track gauge block is designed into the umbrella skirt structure, so that the creepage distance of the insulating part along the surface is prolonged, when current climbs along the rail bottom of the steel rail, the inner concave surface of the umbrella skirt is kept dry and is not easy to accumulate dust due to the shielding of the umbrella skirt, no water and/or dust bridging exists, the creepage path is blocked, the upper surface of the track gauge block is not reached, and the upper surface of the track gauge block body is not communicated with other metal components, so that the umbrella skirt has the insulating and isolating functions; through designing the rail lower bolster into the umbrella skirt structure, can keep apart rail and the metal fastener (like iron backing plate) of its bottom, promptly because the isolation of rail lower bolster umbrella skirt, the difficult ponding of umbrella skirt inner face and deposition, the current that leads to the rail is difficult for getting into the iron backing plate along the umbrella skirt of rail lower bolster to play insulating effect. And the hydrophobic anti-fouling coating is coated on the gauge block and the rail lower base plate, so that the surface of the gauge block is less prone to water accumulation and dust adhesion, and the insulating property is greatly ensured.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so that all equivalent technical solutions shall fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.