CN115109887A - Converter smelting process selection method - Google Patents
Converter smelting process selection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115109887A CN115109887A CN202210858792.0A CN202210858792A CN115109887A CN 115109887 A CN115109887 A CN 115109887A CN 202210858792 A CN202210858792 A CN 202210858792A CN 115109887 A CN115109887 A CN 115109887A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a converter smelting process selection method, which comprehensively considers the molten iron condition and the converter end point target condition, takes a discrimination index k and a target dephosphorization rate as selection indexes, and selects the most reasonable converter smelting process. Firstly, obtaining the conditions of the molten iron of the current heat, calculating a judgment index k of the molten iron of the current heat, and determining a smelting mode required by the molten iron of the current heat; then, calculating a target dephosphorization rate by integrating the content of the molten iron P of the current furnace and the content of the target molten steel P of the end point of the converter, and determining the alkalinity of final slag; and finally, comprehensively determining a smelting mode and final slag alkalinity needed by the molten iron of the current heat, selecting a final smelting process, and providing guidance for actual smelting so as to achieve the purposes of smooth smelting, improving the hit rate of a terminal point, reducing the consumption of slag charge, reducing the complementary blowing, shortening the smelting period and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a converter smelting process selection method.
Background
At present, domestic crude steel production is mainly long-flow, and converter steel yield accounts for about 90% of crude steel yield. The long-flow steelmaking comprises the working procedures of sintering, blast furnace, converter, refining, continuous casting and the like, wherein the product of the sintering working procedure is used for providing raw materials for the blast furnace, the chemical transformation of the iron oxide to the simple substance iron is really realized in the blast furnace, the blast furnace can be regarded as the starting point of the steel smelting flow, and the produced molten iron is the main raw material of the steelmaking working procedure. The production of iron works faces the practical problems of the fluctuation of raw material components and the change of furnace conditions, and the components and the temperature of the produced molten iron have large fluctuation. Therefore, fluctuation of molten iron composition is an unavoidable problem for any steel plant, and further, a steel plant product mainly producing super steel has a complicated structure, different steel grades have different requirements for the converter end point, and the smelting plan of the steel plant is temporarily adjusted according to the order situation, so that the target end point is also dynamically changed.
Considering that most steel plants still adopt the steel-making method based on experience judgment at present, in the face of fluctuation of two dimensions of a raw material condition and an end point condition, an operator needs to frequently adjust smelting operation, but the smelting process is a high-temperature and multiphase flow multinomial coupling process which is not observable, the operator judges and adjusts a control means according to captured auxiliary information, certain hysteresis is achieved, the production experience of the operator has very high requirements, and the steel-making level depends on the experience level. For some inexperienced operators, reasonable smelting process can not be selected according to actual conditions, so that phenomena of splashing, slag drying, substandard end point phosphorus and the like are frequent, and smooth operation of the converter is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a converter smelting process selection method, which comprehensively considers the molten iron condition and the converter end point target condition, takes a discrimination index k and a target dephosphorization rate as selection indexes, can flexibly adjust the current situations of severe fluctuation of the molten iron condition and various types of steel smelted by the converter, can select the optimal smelting process before smelting, provides guidance for actual smelting, and achieves the purposes of smooth smelting, improvement of end point hit rate, reduction of blowing supplement and the like.
To solve the above technical problem, according to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a converter smelting process selection method comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, obtaining a current furnace molten iron condition and a converter end point target condition;
s2, calculating a discrimination index of the molten iron of the current heat;
s3, calculating the converter end point target dephosphorization rate of the current heat;
and S4, selecting a converter smelting process according to the discrimination index of the current molten iron in the furnace and the target dephosphorization rate of the end point of the converter.
As a preferred scheme of the converter smelting process selection method, the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the molten iron condition at least includes a molten iron silicon content and a molten iron phosphorus content, and the converter end point target condition at least includes a converter end point target molten iron phosphorus content.
As a preferred scheme of the converter smelting process selection method, the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, a determination index of the current molten iron of the furnace is calculated, and whether the silicon content of the current molten iron can meet the dephosphorization target is determined.
In the earlier stage of converter smelting, Si element in molten iron is completely oxidized and enters slag, and SiO product is obtained 2 Is an important substance for slag formation, and the main function of the slag is dephosphorization. A large amount of samples are taken from the slag, the slag is crushed, ground, polished and cleaned to prepare a sample, the microscopic morphology of the steel slag sample is observed through an electron microscope, and the microscopic morphology, the microstructure components, the distribution of phosphorus in the slag and the like of the steel slag are researched. Through analysis, three main phases exist in the steel slag, and the main phase in the final slag is 2 CaO. SiO 2 The content of P element in the phase reaches 2-4%, and phosphorus is dissolved in 2 CaO. SiO in the form of calcium phosphate 2 In the process, a phosphorus-rich phase in the slag is formed. The distribution of phosphorus in the other two phases is very low. Therefore, the Si element and the P element in the molten iron mainly enter the phosphorus-rich phase.
And the Si content and the P content in the molten iron have a certain reasonable interval, so that the excessive slag can be avoided, and the dephosphorization requirement can be met. The research shows that the mass ratio of the Si element to the P element in the phosphorus-rich phase is usually more than 3, based on which, the Si content in the molten iron is w1, the P content in the molten iron is w2, the P content in the target molten steel at the end point of the converter is w3, and the judgment index is defined as k, then the calculation formula of k is as follows:
k＝w1/(w2-w3) (1)
in addition, in the converter smelting process, when the content of Si in the molten iron is more than 0.7%, the slag amount is too large, so that the converter smelting process is not suitable for single-slag process smelting any more, and the converter smelting process needs to be changed into a double-slag process smelting process.
As a preferred scheme of the selection method of the converter smelting process, the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, according to the discrimination index k and the content of Si in the molten iron, the process mode is determined as follows:
when k is more than or equal to 3 and Si is less than or equal to 0.7%, the silicon phosphorus in the molten iron is reasonable, and a single slag process is adopted for smelting;
when k is more than or equal to 3 and Si is more than 0.7%, the generated slag amount is too large, and a double-slag process is adopted for smelting;
when k is less than 3, silicon and phosphorus in the molten iron are small, and the dephosphorization task is difficult to complete by the amount of the currently generated slag, and a slag retention process is adopted.
As a preferred scheme of the selection method of the converter smelting process, the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, a converter end point target dephosphorization rate of the current heat is calculated, and a final slag basicity of the current heat is determined.
The dephosphorization requirements for the slag are different in different dephosphorization tasks. If the initial phosphorus content of the molten iron is high, the target dephosphorization rate is high, and the single slag process cannot independently complete the target dephosphorization rate, the double slag process is forced to be adopted for smelting. If the target end point phosphorus content is very low, the single slag process can not meet the dephosphorization requirement, so that the dephosphorization task of evaluating the current heat by adopting the target dephosphorization rate is provided by integrating the content of the molten iron P and the content of the target molten steel P at the end point of the converter so as to guide the selection of the final slag alkalinity. Setting the P content of molten iron as w2, the P content of the target molten steel at the end point of the converter as w3, and defining the target dephosphorization rate as eta P ，η P The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
η P ＝(w2-w3)/w2 (2)
the slag of different basicities possesses different dephosphorization ability, and slag basicity scope when ordinary carbon structural steel of steel mill production and high-quality carbon structural steel is 2.5 ~ 4.0, and the basicity is low excessively, and the slag dephosphorization weakens, and the slag basicity is too high, and the slag melting point increases, and viscosity increases, influences the dephosphorization effect. Within the variation range of the alkalinity of 2.5-4.0, the higher the alkalinity of the slag, the higher the dephosphorization capability.
Therefore, when the discriminant index k is<3, the slag remaining process is adopted, and the target dephosphorization rate is also considered, when the target dephosphorization rate eta is P Less than or equal to 95 percent, and adopting a slag remaining and single slag process; when the target dephosphorization ratio eta P More than 95 percent, adopting the slag retention and double slag process.
As a preferred scheme of the converter smelting process selection method, the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the operation of determining the final slag basicity R of the current heat according to the target dephosphorization ratio is as follows:
when eta P When the alkalinity is less than or equal to 80 percent, the alkalinity R of the final slag is 2.5;
when 80% < eta P Less than or equal to 85 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 2.5-2.8;
when 85% < eta P Less than or equal to 90 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 2.8-3.0;
when 90% < eta P Less than or equal to 95 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 3.0-3.5;
when eta P More than 95 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 3.5-4.0.
As a preferred scheme of the selection method of the converter smelting process, the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, a converter smelting process is selected according to the discrimination index of the current molten iron in the heat and the target dephosphorization rate of the converter end point, and specifically includes:
the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a converter smelting process selection method, which comprehensively considers the molten iron condition and the converter end point target condition, takes the discrimination index k and the target dephosphorization rate as selection indexes, and selects the most reasonable converter smelting process. Firstly, obtaining the conditions of the molten iron of the current heat, calculating a judgment index k of the molten iron of the current heat, and determining a smelting mode required by the molten iron of the current heat; then, calculating a target dephosphorization rate by integrating the content of the molten iron P of the current furnace and the content of the target molten steel P of the end point of the converter, and determining the alkalinity of final slag; and finally, comprehensively determining a smelting mode and final slag alkalinity needed by the molten iron of the current heat, selecting a final smelting process, and providing guidance for actual smelting so as to achieve the purposes of smooth smelting, improving the hit rate of a terminal point, reducing the consumption of slag charge, reducing the complementary blowing, shortening the smelting period and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a converter smelting process selection method.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a converter smelting process selection method, which can achieve the purposes of smooth smelting, improvement of end point hit rate, reduction of slag charge consumption, reduction of after-blow and reduction of smelting period, and the like, comprehensively considers the molten iron condition and the converter end point target condition, takes a discrimination index k and a target dephosphorization rate as selection indexes, and selects the most reasonable converter smelting process. Firstly, obtaining the conditions of the molten iron of the current heat, calculating a judgment index k of the molten iron of the current heat, and determining a smelting mode required by the molten iron of the current heat; then, calculating a target dephosphorization rate by integrating the content of the molten iron P of the current furnace and the content of the target molten steel P of the end point of the converter, and determining the alkalinity of final slag; and finally, comprehensively determining the smelting mode and the final slag alkalinity needed by the molten iron of the current heat, and selecting a final smelting process to provide guidance for actual smelting.
The product structure of a certain domestic factory is mainly high-grade steel, and partial ordinary steel is produced, and the molten iron components of the steel are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 molten iron ingredient Table
| Unit of | Minimum value | Maximum value | Mean value of | |
| Si | wt％ | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.45 |
| P | wt％ | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.145 |
Steel grades are classified according to the requirement of the end point P content, and can be classified into 7 types, as shown in Table 2, and a target dephosphorization rate distribution table of the product structure of the plant can be calculated by integrating the fluctuation range of the P content of the molten iron, as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2 target endpoint P content
TABLE 3 distribution of dephosphorization ratio of target
According to the conditions of the molten iron and the products in the plant, the technical scheme of the invention is used for carrying out industrial production tests, only the data of the steel grade of the high-quality carbon structural steel is counted in order to distinguish the influence of the steel grade on the statistical result, and the effects are shown in the table 4:
TABLE 4 comparative Heat base data
| Blowing rate/% of | Ton steel lime/(kg/t) | Smelting period/min | |
| Before application | 10.1 | 26.41 | 28.6 |
| After application | 4.3 | 23.54 | 27.4 |
As can be seen from Table 4, after the converter smelting process selection method is applied, the target hit rate of the plant is improved, the blowing rate is reduced by 5.8% due to the fact that the end point P content does not reach the standard, the consumption of lime per ton steel is reduced by 2.87kg/t, the smelting period is shortened by 1.2min, and the smelting effect is obvious.
Example 1
Aiming at a 70t converter in the plant, the selection of the converter smelting process is as follows:
s1, molten iron conditions and converter end point target conditions are as follows:
the molten iron comprises the following components: 4.5%, molten iron Si: 0.48%, molten iron Mn: 0.126%, molten iron P: 0.14%, molten iron S: 0.030%;
the target steel grade of the converter end point is 45# steel, and the end point requirement P is less than or equal to 0.015.
S2, calculating a discrimination index k of the heat:
k＝w1/(w2-w3)＝0.48/(0.14-0.015)＝3.84
and (4) calculating according to a discrimination index calculation formula, wherein the discrimination index k is greater than 3, and the Si content in the molten iron is less than 0.7, so that the single slag method is used for smelting for the heat.
S3, calculating the target dephosphorization rate eta of the heat P ：
η P ＝(w2-w3)/w2＝(0.14-0.015)/0.14＝89.28％
According to the calculation result, the target dephosphorization rate of the molten iron is 89.28%, so that the final slag alkalinity of the furnace is 2.8-3.0.
S4, selecting a converter smelting process according to the silicon-phosphorus ratio of the molten iron and the target dephosphorization rate of the converter heat
And selecting a smelting process and parameters thereof by combining the discrimination index k and the target dephosphorization rate, so that the smelting process mode of the furnace is a single slag method, the alkalinity of final slag is 2.8-3%, and an operator carries out smelting according to the selected process and the parameters thereof, and the results are shown in table 5.
Table 5 comparison of the production results of example 1 with those of the prior art
| Blowing rate/% of | Ton steel lime/(kg/t) | Smelting period/min | |
| Before application | 11.2 | 27.65 | 28.8 |
| After application | 5.6 | 24.36 | 27.2 |
As can be seen from Table 5, after the converter smelting process selection method is applied to the production of 45# steel, the target hit rate of the plant is improved, the blowing rate is reduced by 5.6% due to the fact that the end point P content does not reach the standard, the lime consumption per ton steel is reduced by 3.29kg/t, the smelting period is shortened by 1.6min, and the smelting effect is obvious.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the present specification and directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields within the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A converter smelting process selection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, firstly, obtaining a current furnace molten iron condition and a converter end point target condition;
s2, calculating a discrimination index of the molten iron of the current heat;
s3, calculating the converter end point target dephosphorization rate of the current heat;
and S4, selecting a converter smelting process according to the discrimination index of the current molten iron in the furnace and the target dephosphorization rate of the end point of the converter.
2. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the molten iron conditions at least include molten iron silicon content and molten iron phosphorus content, and the converter end point target conditions at least include converter end point target molten iron phosphorus content.
3. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a determination index of the current hot metal is calculated, and it is determined whether the silicon content of the current hot metal can meet the dephosphorization target.
4. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the formula for calculating the discriminant index k is as follows:
k＝w1/(w2-w3)
wherein w1 is the content of Si in the molten iron, w2 is the content of P in the molten iron, and w3 is the content of P in the target molten steel at the end point of the converter.
5. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 3, wherein in the converter smelting process in the step S2, when the silicon content of the molten iron is more than 0.7%, the slag amount is too large to be suitable for single-slag process smelting, and a double-slag process is adopted for smelting.
6. The converter smelting process selection method according to claim 5, wherein in the step S2, according to the discrimination index k and the silicon content in the molten iron, the process mode is determined as follows:
when k is more than or equal to 3 and Si is less than or equal to 0.7%, the silicon phosphorus in the molten iron is reasonable, and a single slag process is adopted for smelting;
when k is more than or equal to 3 and Si is more than 0.7%, the generated slag amount is too large, and a double-slag process is adopted for smelting;
when k is less than 3, silicon and phosphorus in the molten iron are small, and the dephosphorization task is difficult to complete by the amount of the currently generated slag, and a slag retention process is adopted.
7. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the target dephosphorization ratio is η P ，η P The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
η P ＝(w2-w3)/w2
wherein w2 is the P content of molten iron, and w3 is the P content of the converter end-point target molten steel.
8. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, after calculating a converter end point target dephosphorization rate of the current heat, the final slag basicity R of the current heat is determined according to the target dephosphorization rate.
9. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 8, wherein in the step S3, the operation for determining the final slag basicity R of the current heat according to the target dephosphorization rate is as follows:
when eta P When the final slag alkalinity is less than or equal to 80 percent, the final slag alkalinity R is 2.5;
when 80% < eta P Less than or equal to 85 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 2.5-2.8;
when 85% < eta P Less than or equal to 90 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 2.8-3.0;
when 90% < eta P Less than or equal to 95 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 3.0-3.5;
when eta P More than 95 percent, and the alkalinity R of the final slag is 3.5-4.0.
10. The method for selecting a converter smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the converter smelting process is selected according to the distinguishing index of the current molten iron in the furnace and the target dephosphorization rate of the converter end point, and specifically comprises:
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