CN115106501B - Full mold casting machine tool body casting process - Google Patents
Full mold casting machine tool body casting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN115106501B CN115106501B CN202210630070.XA CN202210630070A CN115106501B CN 115106501 B CN115106501 B CN 115106501B CN 202210630070 A CN202210630070 A CN 202210630070A CN 115106501 B CN115106501 B CN 115106501B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a full-mold casting machine tool body casting process, which comprises the following steps of firstly, adopting a casting system with two casting ends, and connecting the casting systems at the two casting ends; connecting the guide surface with the outer side wall parallel to the guide surface by using 80mm auxiliary blocks of the filling foam strips, and enabling molten iron to enter the molded surface of the guide rail through the auxiliary blocks of the filling foam strips during casting; step three, adding a 140mm deformation-preventing foam block at the tail end of the lathe bed; step four, placing a direct conformal chill on a guide surface of a support guide rail of a machine tool, and increasing the chilling effect of the guide surface; filling a casting material into a casting system for casting, wherein the carbon equivalent of the casting material molten iron is high; and step six, carrying out stress relief annealing on the cast bed casting. The formed machine tool body has high tensile strength, good appearance quality, high hardness, no cracking and no shrinkage cavity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of full mold casting, in particular to a full mold casting machine tool body casting process.
Background
The machine tool body is a basic part of the machine tool, and mainly plays a role of supporting other parts of the machine tool, and the machine tool body is required to have high enough static and dynamic stiffness precision maintainability. The wall thickness of each part of the machine tool body casting should be as uniform as possible, the thickness of the machine tool body casting is uneven, shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity defects are easy to generate, deformation of the machine tool body casting is caused or larger internal stress is generated, and cracks are generated in the machine tool body casting. In the existing casting production process, the length of the machine tool piece is 4980mm, the width is 3130mm, the height is 1300mm, the weight is 22970kg, because a pouring system is arranged from the outer side, the inner pouring distance is long, the molten iron travel is long, the molten iron temperature loss is large, because the local structure is V-shaped, the molten iron fluidity is poor, the molten iron pouring guide rail profile flow is long, the molten iron itself contains higher C content, the cooling is fast, the EPS foam gasification is incomplete, and the appearance quality and the processing quality of the guide rail profile are possibly affected, and the surface buckling defect problem occurs;
the tail end of the machine tool body is positioned at a suspended part, the rib plates around the inner part are relatively thin, the temperature field is unevenly distributed, and stress concentration is easy to occur, so that stress cracking is caused, and the possibility of scrapping castings is high because the machine tool body mainly plays a role in supporting other parts of the machine tool;
the guide surface of the machine tool body is the part with the highest requirement on quality on a large casting, and is also the key part affecting the precision and the service life of the machine tool, and the defects of slag inclusion, sand inclusion, shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity and the like are easy to occur due to the thicker and larger part. If defects appear, after the guide surface is welded and repaired, the hardness of a welding repair area of the guide surface is different from that of a casting body, the die can be roughened, the service life of a machine tool body is influenced, the machine tool body is in a working state when in use, certain punching force and pulling force are needed to bear, if the shrinkage cavity problem occurs, the potential safety hazard of die movement can be caused, and therefore, for the casting of the machine tool body, the guide surface cannot have casting defects such as slag inclusion, sand inclusion, shrinkage cavity and the like.
At present, when the full mold casting production is carried out on the lathe bed, the machining quality of the guide rail surface of the model can be guaranteed only by adopting stepped pouring, but because the model is thick and hot and has large section, the casting is arranged below the model during the process design, the heat dissipation of molding sand is slower, the molding sand is made of spheroidal iron materials, the problem of shrinkage cavity is easy to occur after the machining of the guide rail surface part, the chilling effect of the common sand-isolating cold iron is limited, the risk of shrinkage cavity still exists, and the repairing can not be carried out and the casting is scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a process for casting a solid casting machine tool body, comprising:
step one, adopting a casting system with two casting ends, and connecting the casting systems at the two casting ends;
connecting the guide surface with the outer side wall parallel to the guide surface by using 80mm auxiliary blocks of the filling foam strips, and enabling molten iron to enter the molded surface of the guide rail through the auxiliary blocks of the filling foam strips during casting;
step three, adding a 140mm deformation-preventing foam block at the tail end of the lathe bed;
step four, placing a direct conformal chill on a guide surface of a support guide rail of a machine tool, and increasing the chilling effect of the guide surface;
filling a casting material into a casting system for casting, wherein the carbon equivalent of the casting material molten iron is high;
and step six, carrying out stress relief annealing on the cast bed casting.
The step is characterized in that a step type pouring system is selected, a guide rail surface is used as a molded surface, a bottom surface is used as a slag discharging surface, and the ingate is subjected to multi-point scattered injection.
The method is further improved in that in the first step, 500mm pot platforms are respectively placed at two ends of the straight pouring channel to improve the filling speed of molten iron during pouring, so that foam is quickly gasified and decomposed.
The further improvement is that the gap beside the tail end of the lathe bed is lifted by refractory bricks at the same time, and the tail end of the lathe bed is supported.
The further improvement is that the pouring material in the step five is as follows: 3.5 to 3.7 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Cu, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
The further improvement is that the cast casting is firstly heated to 540-560 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, then is insulated for 12h, finally is cooled to 200 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, and then is air-cooled to normal temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the design of the pouring system for pouring at two ends in the step one can ensure that ladles at two ends can be mutually supplemented during pouring, the whole temperature field of the casting can be uniformly distributed, the simultaneous solidification of molten iron is facilitated, and the casting is ensured to obtain excellent tissue performance and mechanical property; the design of the stepped pouring system ensures that molten iron is filled in the casting mould layer by layer in sequence, fully considers the flow of the molten iron, and avoids other defects such as cold shut, insufficient pouring and the like; the design of the pot platform can improve the filling speed of molten iron during pouring, so that foam is quickly gasified and decomposed, and the filling integrity of castings is ensured.
2. The design of the 80mm filling foam strip auxiliary block in the second step can greatly shorten the flow of the filling molten iron of the guide rail profile, accelerate the filling speed, ensure that the floating time of impurities in the filling molten iron of the guide rail profile is more abundant, and greatly improve the processing quality of the guide rail profile. The design of the three-prevention deformation foam block can prevent the tail end of the lathe bed from deforming, and the refractory bricks support the tail end of the lathe bed to collapse in the modeling process. The fourth guide surface of the invention is placed with the direct shape-following chill to increase the chilling effect of the guide surface, thereby avoiding the defect of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the guide surface.
3. The casting material disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the chemical components of the molten metal are adjusted, the carbon equivalent of the molten iron is improved, the molten iron is in hypoeutectic component, and the component proportion of alloy elements is controlled, so that the shrinkage tendency of the molten iron is reduced, and the product quality of a machine tool body casting is improved.
4. The invention has low stress relief annealing heating temperature and no tissue transformation in the annealing process, and aims to eliminate residual stress in castings, stabilize the sizes and shapes of castings and reduce the deformation and crack tendency of machine tool bodies in the cutting process and the use process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a machine tool body of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the lower part of the machine tool body of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an original schematic diagram of a machine tool body.
Fig. 4 is an original schematic view of the lower part of the machine bed.
FIG. 5 is a plot of a step six stress relief anneal according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a cast formed bed casting prior to corrosion in accordance with an embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a cast formed body casting after corrosion in accordance with an embodiment.
In fig. 1-2: 1-a pouring system, 2-a direct conformal chill, 3-a filling foam strip auxiliary block and 4-a deformation-preventing foam block.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the present embodiment provides a process for casting a solid mold casting machine bed, comprising:
s1, the height of a machine tool piece is 1300mm, the weight is 22970kg, the maximum of a ladle is only 20kg, a casting system 1 with two ends is adopted for a large piece of more than 13 tons of spheroidal iron pieces and more than 15 tons of gray iron pieces, and the casting systems 1 at the two ends are connected, so that the ladles at the two ends can be mutually supplemented during casting, the whole temperature field of a casting can be uniformly distributed, the simultaneous solidification of molten iron is facilitated, and the casting is ensured to obtain excellent tissue performance and mechanical property; and secondly, the height of the casting is 1300mm, the casting belongs to a relatively high casting, a stepped pouring system is selected, a guide rail surface is used as a molded surface, a bottom surface is used as a slag discharging surface, and the ingate is subjected to multi-point dispersion injection, so that the casting mould is filled with molten iron layer by layer, the flow of the molten iron is fully considered, and other defects such as cold shut, insufficient pouring and the like are avoided. Finally, respectively placing 500mm pot platforms at two ends of the sprue, improving the filling speed of molten iron during pouring, enabling foam to be gasified and decomposed rapidly, and ensuring that the casting is complete in filling.
S2, the guide rail surface and the outer side surface parallel to the guide rail surface are in a V shape, and when in pouring, the flow of casting the guide rail surface by molten iron is long, so that the appearance quality and the processing quality of the guide rail surface can be affected; the guide surface is connected with the outer side wall parallel to the guide surface by the 80mm filling foam strip auxiliary block 3 at present, and when casting, molten iron can enter the guide surface through the filling foam strip auxiliary block 3, so that the flow of filling molten iron of the guide surface is greatly shortened, the filling speed is accelerated, the floating time of impurities of the filling molten iron of the guide surface is more abundant, the processing quality of the guide surface is greatly improved, and the appearance of a follow-up tracking casting is free of abnormality.
S3, the tail end of the machine tool body is positioned at a suspension position, a molded surface is firstly molded, the tail end of the machine tool body is easy to collapse, and the tail end of the machine tool body is deformed; the deformation-preventing foam block 4 with 140mm is additionally arranged at the tail end of the lathe bed, and meanwhile, refractory bricks are used for heightening the gaps beside the lathe bed, so that the phenomenon that the tail end of the lathe bed collapses in the modeling process is supported.
S4, a supporting guide rail of the machine tool is a rail used for supporting and guiding a part to move along a certain track or playing a role of clamping and positioning, and the guide rail must have enough rigidity and wear resistance. The quality condition of the surface of the machine tool guide rail is related to the machining precision and the service life of the machine tool; the cast iron guide rail has good vibration reduction and wear resistance, stability and lower cost, and is the preferred material for most machine tool guide rails. However, the cast iron material has the defects of low hardness, loose structure, multiple blank defects and the like, and is easier to wear and tear and is more damaged under the condition of heavier bearing, so in order to prevent shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity defects on the guide surface of the machine tool body, the measure of directly following the shape of the chill 2 is adopted on the guide surface, the chilling effect of the guide surface is increased, and the defects of shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity of the guide surface are avoided.
S5, filling casting materials into a casting system for casting,
casting material:
3.5 to 3.7 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Cu, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements; the chemical components of the molten metal are adjusted to improve the carbon equivalent of the molten iron, the molten iron is in hypoeutectic component, and the component proportion of alloy elements is controlled, so that the shrinkage tendency of the molten iron is reduced, and the product quality of the machine tool body casting is improved.
S6, stress-relief annealing of the machine tool body casting, namely firstly heating the cast casting to 540-560 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, then preserving heat for 12h, finally cooling to 200 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, and then performing air cooling to normal temperature; the stress relief heating temperature is low, and the stress relief heating temperature is free from tissue transformation in the annealing process, so that the aim is to eliminate residual stress in castings, stabilize the sizes and shapes of castings and reduce the deformation and crack tendency of machine tool bodies in the cutting process and the use process.
The detection performance of the machine tool body formed by casting is as follows:
table 1 machine tool bed die material properties
From the above table and fig. 6 and 7, it is apparent that the machine tool body formed by the present embodiment has the advantages of high tensile strength, no skin buckling on the surface, good appearance quality, high hardness, no cracking due to high hardness, and no shrinkage cavity defect.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a full mold casting lathe bed casting technology which characterized in that includes:
step one, adopting a casting system with two casting ends, and connecting the casting systems at the two casting ends;
connecting the guide surface with the outer side wall parallel to the guide surface by using 80mm auxiliary blocks of the filling foam strips, and enabling molten iron to enter the molded surface of the guide rail through the auxiliary blocks of the filling foam strips during casting;
step three, adding a 140mm deformation-preventing foam block at the tail end of the lathe bed;
step four, placing a direct conformal chill on a guide surface of a support guide rail of a machine tool, and increasing the chilling effect of the guide surface;
step five, filling a casting material into a casting system for casting, wherein the casting material has high carbon equivalent of molten iron, and the casting material in the step five is as follows: 3.5 to 3.7 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Cu, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements;
and step six, carrying out stress relief annealing on the cast bed casting.
2. The casting process of the full mold casting machine tool body according to claim 1, wherein the step one adopts a stepped pouring system, the guide rail surface is used as a molded surface, the bottom surface is used as a slag discharging surface, and the ingate is subjected to multi-point dispersion injection.
3. A casting process for a solid casting machine bed according to claim 2, characterized in that,
and finally, respectively placing pot platforms with 500mm at two ends of the straight pouring channel to improve the filling speed of molten iron during pouring, so that the foam is quickly gasified and decomposed.
4. A casting process for a solid casting machine bed according to claim 1, characterized in that,
and step three, raising the gap beside the tail end of the lathe bed by using refractory bricks, and supporting the tail end of the lathe bed.
5. The casting process of the full mold casting machine tool body according to claim 1, wherein the step six is to firstly heat the cast casting to 540-560 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, then heat-preserving for 12h, finally cooling to 200 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, and then air-cooling to normal temperature.
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| CN102049472A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-11 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Method for casting special case casting core mould |
| CN203371004U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2014-01-01 | 翼城县福旺铸造实业有限公司 | Anti-deformation slag inclusion casting device |
| CN104759591A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-07-08 | 黄石新兴管业有限公司 | Casting technology method for compression molding machine body |
| CN106040980A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 巢湖市聚源机械有限公司 | Lathe bed casting |
| CN107737873A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-02-27 | 芜湖久弘重工股份有限公司 | A kind of cavityless casting method of Large Grinder Body |
| CN110508792A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-29 | 齐齐哈尔重型铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of casting method of the more material casting of lathe |
| CN111482556A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-04 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of engine cylinder block casting |
| CN113020541A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder body |
-
2022
- 2022-06-06 CN CN202210630070.XA patent/CN115106501B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102049472A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-11 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Method for casting special case casting core mould |
| CN203371004U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2014-01-01 | 翼城县福旺铸造实业有限公司 | Anti-deformation slag inclusion casting device |
| CN104759591A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-07-08 | 黄石新兴管业有限公司 | Casting technology method for compression molding machine body |
| CN106040980A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 巢湖市聚源机械有限公司 | Lathe bed casting |
| CN107737873A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-02-27 | 芜湖久弘重工股份有限公司 | A kind of cavityless casting method of Large Grinder Body |
| CN110508792A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-29 | 齐齐哈尔重型铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of casting method of the more material casting of lathe |
| CN111482556A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-04 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of engine cylinder block casting |
| CN113020541A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder body |
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