CN115106501A - Casting process of full-mold casting machine tool body - Google Patents
Casting process of full-mold casting machine tool body Download PDFInfo
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- CN115106501A CN115106501A CN202210630070.XA CN202210630070A CN115106501A CN 115106501 A CN115106501 A CN 115106501A CN 202210630070 A CN202210630070 A CN 202210630070A CN 115106501 A CN115106501 A CN 115106501A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a casting process of a full-mold casting machine tool body, which comprises the following steps of firstly, adopting a pouring system with two ends for pouring, and connecting the pouring systems with the two ends; connecting the guide rail surface with the outer side wall parallel to the guide rail surface by using 80-80 mm filled foam strip auxiliary blocks, and allowing molten iron to enter the guide rail profile through the filled foam strip auxiliary blocks during pouring; thirdly, adding 140 x 140mm anti-deformation foam blocks at the tail end of the lathe bed; placing direct conformal chill on the guide rail surface of the support guide rail of the machine tool to increase the chilling effect of the guide rail surface; step five, filling a pouring material into the pouring system for pouring, wherein the carbon equivalent of the iron liquid of the pouring material is high; and sixthly, performing stress relief annealing on the bed body casting molded by casting. The formed machine tool body has high tensile strength, good appearance quality, high hardness, no cracking and no shrinkage porosity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of full mold casting, in particular to a casting process of a full mold casting machine tool body.
Background
The machine tool body is a basic part of the machine tool, and the machine tool body mainly plays a role in supporting other parts of the machine tool, and the machine tool body is required to have high enough static and dynamic rigidity precision retentivity. The wall thickness of each part of the machine tool body casting is required to be as uniform as possible, the thickness of the machine tool body casting is not uniform, and shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity defects are easy to generate, so that the machine tool body casting is deformed or generates larger internal stress, and cracks are generated on the machine tool body casting. The length of the machine tool body is 4980mm, the width is 3130mm, the height is 1300mm, the weight is 22970kg, in the existing casting production process, a pouring system is arranged from the outer side, the distance of an ingate is longer, the molten iron stroke is far, the temperature loss of molten iron is larger, the local structure is V-shaped, the fluidity of ductile iron liquid is poor, the flow of the molten iron pouring guide rail profile is long, the content of C in the molten iron is higher, the cooling is fast, EPS foam is not completely gasified, and the appearance quality and the processing quality of the guide rail profile are possibly influenced to cause the problem of surface wrinkle defects;
the tail end of the machine tool body is positioned at a suspended part, the rib plates at the periphery of the interior of the machine tool body are thinner, the temperature field distribution is uneven, and stress is easily concentrated, so that stress cracking is caused;
the guide surface of the machine tool body is the part with the highest quality requirement on a large casting and is also the key part influencing the precision and the service life of the machine tool, and the defects of slag inclusion, sand inclusion, shrinkage porosity and the like easily occur because the part is thicker and larger. If defects occur, the hardness of a welding area of the guide rail surface is different from that of a casting body after welding of the guide rail surface, the mold can be roughened, the service life of a machine tool body is influenced, the machine tool body is in a working state when in use and needs to bear certain stamping force and pulling force, and if shrinkage porosity occurs, potential safety hazards of mold movement can be caused, so that the casting defects such as slag inclusion, sand inclusion, shrinkage porosity and the like cannot occur on the guide rail surface of a casting of the machine tool body in the casting process.
At present, when the machine tool body is subjected to full mold casting production, a model can only adopt step pouring to ensure the processing quality of a guide rail surface, but because the model is thick and solid, the thermal section is large, the model is positioned below the pouring during process design, the heat dissipation of molding sand is slow, and the model is made of ductile iron, the problem of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity is easy to occur after the guide rail surface is processed, the chilling effect of common sand-isolating cold iron is limited, the risk of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage cavity still exists, and the model cannot be repaired and scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a casting process of a full-mold casting machine tool body, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adopting a pouring system with two ends for pouring, and connecting the pouring systems at the two ends;
connecting the guide rail surface with the outer side wall parallel to the guide rail surface by using 80-80 mm filled foam strip auxiliary blocks, and allowing molten iron to enter the guide rail profile through the filled foam strip auxiliary blocks during pouring;
thirdly, adding 140 x 140mm anti-deformation foam blocks at the tail end of the lathe bed;
placing direct conformal chill on the guide rail surface of the support guide rail of the machine tool to increase the chilling effect of the guide rail surface;
filling a pouring material into the pouring system for pouring, wherein the carbon equivalent of the iron liquid of the pouring material is high;
and sixthly, performing stress relief annealing on the bed body casting molded by casting.
The further improvement lies in that the step-type pouring system is selected in the steps, the guide rail surface is used as a molded surface, the bottom surface is used as a slag discharge surface, and the ingate is injected in a multi-point dispersing way.
The further improvement is that at the end of the first step, 500mm pots are respectively arranged at two ends of the sprue to increase the filling speed of molten iron during pouring, so that foam is quickly gasified and decomposed.
The further improvement is that in the third step, a gap beside the tail end of the bed body is simultaneously heightened by a refractory brick pad to support the tail end of the bed body.
The further improvement is that the step five casting material is: 3.5 to 3.7 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Cu, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The further improvement is that in the sixth step, the cast casting is firstly heated to 540-560 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, then is kept for 12h, and finally is cooled to 200 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, and then is air-cooled to the normal temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the design of the pouring system for pouring at two ends in the first step can ensure that ladles at two ends can complement each other during pouring, the integral temperature field of the casting can be uniformly distributed, the simultaneous solidification of molten iron is facilitated, and the casting is ensured to obtain excellent structure performance and mechanical property; the design of the stepped pouring system ensures that the casting molds are sequentially filled with molten iron layer by layer, the flow of the molten iron is fully considered, and other defects such as cold shut, insufficient pouring and the like are avoided; the design of the pot platform can improve the mold filling speed of molten iron during pouring, so that foam is quickly gasified and decomposed, and the casting is ensured to be completely filled.
And secondly, the design of the 80-80 mm filling type foam strip auxiliary block in the second step of the invention can greatly shorten the flow of filling the iron liquid on the guide rail profile, accelerate the filling speed, ensure that the floating time of impurities in the filling type iron liquid on the guide rail profile is more abundant, and greatly improve the processing quality of the guide rail profile. The design of the three-proofing deformation foam block in the step of the invention can prevent the deformation of the tail end of the machine body, and the refractory brick supports the phenomenon that the tail end of the machine body collapses in the molding process. The four guide rail surfaces are placed to directly increase the chilling effect of the guide rail surfaces along with the shape chilling block, so that the defect that the guide rail surfaces have shrinkage cavities and shrinkage porosity is overcome.
The casting material improves the carbon equivalent of the molten iron in a hypoeutectic composition by adjusting the chemical composition of the molten metal and controlling the composition proportion of alloy elements, thereby reducing the shrinkage tendency of the molten iron and being beneficial to improving the product quality of a machine tool body casting.
The stress-relief annealing heating temperature is low, and the structure transformation is avoided in the annealing process, so that the purpose is mainly to eliminate the residual stress in the casting, stabilize the size and the shape of the casting and reduce the deformation and the crack tendency of the machine tool body in the cutting processing and using processes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the machine bed of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the lower part of the machine bed of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the original machine bed.
Fig. 4 is a lower original schematic view of the machine bed.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the inventive step six stress relief anneal.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment as cast bed casting prior to corrosion.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment as cast bed casting after corrosion.
In FIGS. 1-2: 1-a pouring system, 2-direct shape-following chilling blocks, 3-filling type foam strip auxiliary blocks and 4-deformation-preventing foam blocks.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment provides a casting process of a solid-type casting machine bed, which includes:
s1, the height of the machine tool part body is 1300mm, the weight is 22970kg, the maximum casting ladle is only 20kg, and for a large ductile iron part with the weight more than 13 tons and an ash iron part with the weight more than 15 tons, the two-end casting system 1 is adopted and the two-end casting system 1 is connected, so that the ladles at the two ends can complement each other during casting, the integral temperature field of the casting can be uniformly distributed, the simultaneous solidification of molten iron is facilitated, and the casting is ensured to obtain excellent tissue performance and mechanical performance; secondly, the height of the casting is 1300mm, the casting belongs to a relatively high and large casting, a stepped pouring system is selected, the guide rail surface is used as a molded surface, the bottom surface is used as a slag discharge surface, and the ingates are injected in a multi-point dispersion manner, so that the molten iron is ensured to be sequentially filled into the casting mold layer by layer, the flow of the molten iron is fully considered, and other defects such as cold shut, insufficient pouring and the like are avoided. And finally, placing 500mm pot tables at two ends of the sprue respectively, so that the filling speed of molten iron is increased during pouring, foams are quickly gasified and decomposed, and the casting is ensured to be completely filled.
S2, the outer side surfaces of the guide rail surface and the guide rail surface are parallel to each other and are V-shaped, and the molten iron poured into the profile of the guide rail has long flow during pouring, which may affect the appearance quality and the processing quality of the profile of the guide rail; the existing 80 x 80mm filling type foam strip auxiliary block 3 is used for connecting the guide rail surface with the outer side wall parallel to the guide rail surface, during pouring, molten iron can enter the guide rail surface through the filling type foam strip auxiliary block 3, so that the flow of filling the molten iron in the guide rail surface is greatly shortened, the filling speed is accelerated, the floating time of impurities in the filling type molten iron in the guide rail surface is more abundant, the processing quality of the guide rail surface is greatly improved, and the appearance of a subsequent tracking casting is not abnormal.
S3, the tail end of the machine tool body is in a suspended position, and a molding surface is firstly molded during molding, so that the tail end of the machine tool body is easy to collapse and deform; the phenomenon that the tail end of the bed body collapses in the molding process is supported by adding 140-140 mm anti-deformation foam blocks 4 at the tail end of the bed body and heightening refractory bricks at gaps beside the foam blocks.
S4, the supporting rail of the machine tool is a rail on the machine tool for supporting and guiding the component along a certain track or for clamping and positioning, and the rail must have sufficient rigidity and wear resistance. The quality condition of the surface of the machine tool guide rail is related to the machining precision and the service life of the machine tool; the cast iron guide rail has good vibration reduction and wear resistance, stability and lower cost, and is the preferred material for most machine tool guide rails. However, the cast iron material has the defects of low hardness, loose structure, more blank defects and the like, and is more easily worn and pulled under the condition of heavier load bearing, so in order to prevent the guide rail surface of the machine tool body from having the defects of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity, the measure of placing the shape-following chilling block 3 on the guide rail surface is adopted, the chilling effect of the guide rail surface is enhanced, and the defect of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity on the guide rail surface is avoided.
S5, filling the casting material into the casting system for casting,
casting materials:
3.5 to 3.7 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Cu, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; by adjusting the chemical composition of the molten metal, the carbon equivalent of the molten iron is improved, the molten iron is in a hypoeutectic composition, and the composition proportion of alloy elements is controlled, so that the shrinkage tendency of the molten iron is reduced, and the improvement of the product quality of a machine tool body casting is facilitated.
S6, stress relief annealing of the machine tool body casting is that the cast casting is firstly heated to 540-560 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, then heat preservation is carried out for 12h, and finally the temperature is cooled to 200 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 30 ℃/h, and then air cooling is carried out to normal temperature; the stress-relief heating temperature is low, and the structure transformation does not exist in the annealing process, so that the purposes of eliminating residual stress in the casting, stabilizing the size and the shape of the casting and reducing the deformation and the crack tendency of the machine tool body in the cutting processing and using processes are mainly achieved.
The detection performance of the machine tool body formed by casting is as follows:
TABLE 1 Material Properties of machine tool bed die
From the above table and fig. 6 and 7, it can be known that the machine tool body formed by the method has high tensile strength, no wrinkled skin on the surface, good appearance quality, high hardness, no cracking due to high hardness, and no shrinkage porosity.
Claims (6)
1. The casting process of the full-mold casting machine tool body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, adopting a pouring system with two ends for pouring, and connecting the pouring systems at the two ends;
connecting the guide rail surface with the outer side wall parallel to the guide rail surface by using 80-80 mm filled foam strip auxiliary blocks, and allowing molten iron to enter the guide rail profile through the filled foam strip auxiliary blocks during pouring;
thirdly, adding 140 x 140mm anti-deformation foam blocks at the tail end of the lathe bed;
placing direct conformal chill on the guide rail surface of the support guide rail of the machine tool to increase the chilling effect of the guide rail surface;
filling a pouring material into the pouring system for pouring, wherein the carbon equivalent of the iron liquid of the pouring material is high;
and sixthly, performing stress relief annealing on the bed body casting molded by casting.
2. The casting process of the solid casting machine bed body according to claim 1, wherein the step of selecting the step-type pouring system together, the guide rail surface is used as the profile surface, the bottom surface is used as the slag discharge surface, and the ingate is injected in a multi-point dispersion manner.
3. The full-mold casting machine bed casting process according to claim 2,
and finally, respectively placing 500mm pots at two ends of the sprue to improve the filling speed of molten iron during pouring so as to quickly gasify and decompose foam.
4. The full-mold casting machine bed casting process according to claim 1,
and step three, a gap beside the tail end of the bed body is simultaneously heightened by a refractory brick pad to support the tail end of the bed body.
5. The full-mold casting machine bed casting process according to claim 1, wherein the materials poured in the fifth step are: 3.5 to 3.7 percent of C, 2.0 to 2.3 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.55 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Cu, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Mg, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.012 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
6. The casting process of the bed of the solid casting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the cast part is firstly heated to 560 ℃ at a rate of 80 ℃/h or less, then is kept warm for 12h, is finally cooled to 200 ℃ at a rate of 30 ℃/h or less, and then is air-cooled to normal temperature.
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| CN102049472A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-11 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Method for casting special case casting core mould |
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| CN104759591A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-07-08 | 黄石新兴管业有限公司 | Casting technology method for compression molding machine body |
| CN106040980A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 巢湖市聚源机械有限公司 | Lathe bed casting |
| CN107737873A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-02-27 | 芜湖久弘重工股份有限公司 | A kind of cavityless casting method of Large Grinder Body |
| CN110508792A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-29 | 齐齐哈尔重型铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of casting method of the more material casting of lathe |
| CN111482556A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-04 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of engine cylinder block casting |
| CN113020541A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder body |
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2022
- 2022-06-06 CN CN202210630070.XA patent/CN115106501B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102049472A (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2011-05-11 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Method for casting special case casting core mould |
| CN203371004U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2014-01-01 | 翼城县福旺铸造实业有限公司 | Anti-deformation slag inclusion casting device |
| CN104759591A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-07-08 | 黄石新兴管业有限公司 | Casting technology method for compression molding machine body |
| CN106040980A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 巢湖市聚源机械有限公司 | Lathe bed casting |
| CN107737873A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-02-27 | 芜湖久弘重工股份有限公司 | A kind of cavityless casting method of Large Grinder Body |
| CN110508792A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-29 | 齐齐哈尔重型铸造有限责任公司 | A kind of casting method of the more material casting of lathe |
| CN111482556A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-04 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of engine cylinder block casting |
| CN113020541A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Casting method of high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder body |
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