CN115096783A - Device and method for testing permeability of panel under multi-factor coupling effect - Google Patents
Device and method for testing permeability of panel under multi-factor coupling effect Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 483
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009662 stress testing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete permeability testing, and particularly provides a device and a method for testing the permeability of a panel under the multi-factor coupling effect, wherein the device comprises a concrete panel test piece, a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device, a vacuum water saturation machine, a panel test piece resistance testing device, a low-temperature test box, a constant-temperature water bath and a constant-temperature salt solution tank; the invention solves the problem that the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and accelerated corrosion cannot be accurately tested in the prior art, realizes the nondestructive testing of the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and accelerated corrosion, and has simple, convenient and quick operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete permeability testing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the permeability of a panel under the multi-factor coupling effect.
Background
The super high dam projects in China are increasing day by day, and the water distribution bealock dam (dam height 233m), the Yulong Kaishi hydro-junction (dam height 229.5m), the great gorge hydro-junction project (dam height 247m), the two estuary dams (dam height 295m) and the like are built successively. Face sheets are the main barriers of face-sheet rock-fill dams, and their permeability involves the safety of the barrier system. Under the actual service condition, the seepage-proofing performance of the panel is changed, and when the design requirement is not met, the safety and the stability of the dam can be threatened. Therefore, it is important to accurately test and evaluate the impermeability of the concrete panel under actual service conditions. At present, the hydraulic method and the chloride ion penetration method are mainly adopted for evaluating the concrete permeability in China, a round table sample and a cylindrical sample are adopted for the test, and the test piece is not under the load in the test process. Under actual service conditions, concrete panels near the dam abutment of the high-face dam and peripheral seams of a bank slope are often subjected to bending tensile stress, and the bending tensile stress easily causes cracks to be generated on the surface and inside of the concrete panels, so that the impermeability of the panels is seriously reduced. Under complex environmental conditions, the panel in the area has the coupling effect of the environmental conditions besides the bending and tensile stress. For example, when the water level of the reservoir area in the rich water period rises, the panel concrete in the water level fluctuation area in the cold area or the high-altitude area is soaked under the water and is subjected to the coupling action of bending tensile stress and corrosion; the water level of the reservoir area is reduced in the dry period, and the panel concrete is exposed in the air during overwintering and is subjected to the coupling action of bending tensile stress and freeze thawing. The two coupling effects are alternately performed, so that the concrete of the panel in the water level change area of a cold area or a high altitude area is seriously damaged. Therefore, the influence rule of the multi-factor coupling effect on the impermeability of the panel under the complex condition of the cold region is found out, and the method is of great importance for objectively evaluating the impermeability of the panel and the safety and stability of the panel dam under the actual service condition. And the accurate test of the concrete panel permeability under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and corrosion is the premise and the basis for obtaining the influence rule of the multi-factor coupling action on the panel permeability resistance. At present, no test device and method for testing the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and accelerated corrosion are reported.
Chinese patent publication No. CN113310878A, published as 2021, 8 and 27, discloses a concrete permeability testing apparatus, which includes a test bed, a detachable mold disposed on the test bed, and a pressurized liquid pipeline leading to one end of the mold near the ground, wherein a liquid inlet hole is disposed on the test bed at a position corresponding to the pressurized liquid pipeline, and the pressurized liquid leading to the liquid inlet hole from the pressurized liquid pipeline is contrast liquid. The document also discloses a concrete permeability testing method, which uses a concrete permeability testing device to test, and after the test is completed, uses a contrast device to longitudinally scan a sample stage by stage to obtain concrete pore permeability imaging data, and is suitable for all concrete permeability tests. The document fails to accurately test the permeability of concrete panels under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and accelerated corrosion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for testing the permeability of a panel under the multi-factor coupling action, and aims to solve the problem that the permeability of a concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and accelerated corrosion cannot be accurately tested in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a device for testing the permeability of a panel under the multi-factor coupling effect, which comprises a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device, a vacuum water saturation machine, a panel test piece resistance testing device, a low-temperature test box, a constant-temperature water bath and a constant-temperature salt solution tank, wherein the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device is arranged on the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device;
the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device is used for applying bending and pulling load to the concrete panel test piece;
the vacuum water saturation machine is used for performing vacuum water saturation on the concrete panel test piece;
the panel test piece resistance testing device is used for testing the resistance of a concrete panel test piece without applying or applying a bending and pulling load;
the low-temperature test box is used for freezing a concrete panel test piece which is not applied or is applied with a bending and pulling load;
the constant-temperature water bath is used for melting the frozen concrete panel test piece which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads;
the constant-temperature salt solution tank is used for corroding and melting concrete panel test pieces without applying or applying bending and pulling loads.
Preferably, the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device comprises a loading device and a stress testing device, the loading device comprises a reaction frame, a mechanical jack and an upper pressure plate, the stress testing device comprises a load sensor, a strain gauge, a thermometer and a data acquisition device, the mechanical jack, the load sensor and the upper pressure plate are sequentially connected with the frame body of the reaction frame from top to bottom, the strain gauge and the thermometer are connected with the reaction frame, and the load sensor, the strain gauge and the thermometer are electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
Preferably, the reaction frame comprises an upper transverse frame, a first vertical support, a second vertical support, a third vertical support, a fourth vertical support and a lower transverse frame, the upper transverse frame and the lower transverse frame are transversely and symmetrically arranged from top to bottom, the front left end of the upper transverse frame is connected with the front left end of the lower transverse frame through the first vertical support, the front right end of the upper transverse frame is connected with the front right end of the lower transverse frame through the second vertical support, the rear left end of the upper transverse frame is connected with the rear left end of the lower transverse frame through the third vertical support, and the rear right end of the upper transverse frame is connected with the rear right end of the lower transverse frame through the fourth vertical support.
Preferably, the upper press plate further comprises 2 first support rollers, the reaction frame further comprises 2 second support rollers, the 2 first support rollers are longitudinally connected below the upper press plate at intervals in a bilateral symmetry manner, the 1 second support roller is longitudinally connected between the first vertical support and the third vertical support, the other second support roller is longitudinally connected between the second vertical support and the fourth vertical support, the 2 second support rollers are arranged in a bilateral symmetry manner, and the 2 first support rollers are arranged above the 2 second support rollers.
Preferably, the panel test piece resistance testing device comprises a positive electrode test groove, a negative electrode test groove and an alternating current digital bridge, wherein the alternating current digital bridge is electrically connected with the positive electrode test groove and the negative electrode test groove respectively.
Preferably, the positive test groove comprises a first test groove, a first copper electrode mesh plate, a first sealing washer and a first sealant, a hole I is horizontally formed in the middle of one side of the first test groove from outside to inside, the first sealing washer and the first copper electrode mesh plate are sleeved in the hole I from outside to inside, a first liquid injection hole and a first binding post are formed in the positive test groove in a penetrating mode, the first liquid injection hole sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the first test groove, the upper portion of the first sealing washer and the first liquid injection hole and is communicated with the first copper electrode mesh plate, the lower end of the first binding post sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the first test groove, the upper portion of the first sealing washer and the lower end of the first binding post and is connected with the first copper electrode mesh plate, the upper end of the first binding post penetrates out of the first test groove, a saline solution is injected into the first liquid injection hole, and the first binding post is electrically connected with the alternating current digital bridge.
Preferably, the vacuum water saturation machine comprises a shell, a vacuum water saturation cylinder, a power supply, an air exhaust device, a water inlet and outlet device, a cylinder cover and an exhaust part, wherein the cylinder cover is connected to the vacuum water saturation cylinder, the power supply and the air exhaust device are all connected to the inside of the shell, the power supply and the air exhaust device are located outside the vacuum water saturation cylinder, the power supply is electrically connected with the air exhaust device, the air exhaust end of the air exhaust device is communicated with the vacuum water saturation cylinder, one end of the air exhaust device is connected to the lower end of the water inlet and outlet device, and the other end of the air exhaust device penetrates out of the shell.
Preferably, the constant temperature water bath and the constant temperature saline solution tank are respectively provided with an outer cover outside.
Preferably, the outer covers are all provided with lead holes.
A test method based on the device for testing the permeability of the panel under the multi-factor coupling effect comprises the following steps:
1) selecting concrete panels with multiple mixing ratios, manufacturing a concrete panel test piece and a concrete circular truncated cone test piece from each concrete panel with multiple mixing ratios by adopting the same process, curing the manufactured concrete panel test piece and concrete circular truncated cone test piece with each mixing ratio to the required age, testing the resistance of the cured concrete panel test piece with each mixing ratio and the permeability coefficient of the concrete circular truncated cone test piece, and establishing a relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece through regression analysis; adopting a panel test piece resistance testing device when testing the concrete panel test piece resistance of each mixing ratio after the maintenance, and carrying out vacuum water saturation on the concrete panel test piece after the maintenance by adopting a vacuum water saturation machine before the test;
2) preparing a concrete panel test piece to be tested according to the mixing proportion of the concrete panel to be tested, curing the concrete panel test piece to be tested to the required age, and carrying out vacuum water saturation on the cured concrete panel test piece to be tested by adopting a vacuum water saturation machine; applying bending and pulling load to the concrete panel test piece to be tested after vacuum water saturation by adopting a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device; when a bending and pulling load is applied, placing a concrete panel test piece to be tested and a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device thereof into a low-temperature test box together for freezing; taking out the frozen concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device together, and placing the concrete panel test piece and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device in a constant-temperature water bath for melting; after the freezing and melting processes are repeated to a design value, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are taken out together and placed in a constant-temperature salt solution tank for corrosion, when the corrosion time reaches the design value, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are taken out together, a positive electrode test tank and a negative electrode test tank are installed at two ends of the concrete panel test piece, and the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested under the bending and pulling load action is tested by adopting a panel test piece resistance testing device;
3) and obtaining the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece under the bending-pulling load, freeze thawing and corrosion coupling action according to the relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece established in the step 1) and the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested in the step 2).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device for testing the permeability of the panel under the multi-factor coupling effect comprises a concrete panel test piece, a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device, a vacuum water saturation machine, a panel test piece resistance testing device, a low-temperature test box, a constant-temperature water bath and a constant-temperature salt solution tank, wherein the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device is arranged on the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device; the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device is used for applying bending and pulling loads to the concrete panel test piece; the vacuum water saturation machine is used for performing vacuum water saturation on the concrete panel test piece; the panel test piece resistance testing device is used for testing the resistance of a concrete panel test piece which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads; the low-temperature test box is used for freezing a concrete panel test piece which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads; the constant-temperature water bath is used for melting the frozen concrete panel test piece which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads; the constant-temperature salt solution tank is used for corroding the melted concrete panel test piece without applying or applying bending and pulling loads. The nondestructive testing of the permeability of the concrete panel is realized under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and accelerated corrosion, and the operation is simple, convenient and quick; the method can realize the long-term stability of the bending tensile stress borne by the concrete panel test piece under the conditions of high stress level, freeze-thaw cycle and salt solution soaking corrosion, so the influence of the high-level bending tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated corrosion long-term coupling action on the permeability of the concrete panel can be observed through the method.
2. The device for testing the permeability of the panel under the multi-factor coupling effect, provided by the invention, is characterized in that the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device comprises a loading device and a stress testing device, the concrete panel test piece is subjected to four-point bending loading through a mechanical jack, so that the concrete panel test piece is subjected to uniform bending moment, the bending and pulling stress of the panel under the actual service condition is simulated, the bending and pulling stress value of the concrete panel test piece is changed by adjusting the pressure applied by the mechanical jack, the loading precision of the loading device is high, the load can be kept stable for a long time, and the bending and pulling stresses of different levels can be stably applied to the concrete panel test piece; the stress testing device can test the pressure applied by the mechanical jack and the bending and pulling deformation of the concrete panel test piece in real time, can verify the size and the stability of the bending and pulling stress applied to the concrete panel test piece in real time, and can adjust the size of the bending and pulling stress within the allowable range of the bending and pulling strength of the concrete panel test piece at will, thereby realizing the test of the permeability of the concrete panel under different bending and pulling stress levels.
3. According to the method for testing the permeability of the panel under the multi-factor coupling effect, the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece under the bending-pulling load, freezing and thawing and corrosion coupling effects is obtained according to the relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece established in the step 1) and the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested in the step 2). The permeability test of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and accelerated corrosion can be realized, so that the permeability of the concrete panel in the water level change area under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and corrosion under the actual service condition of the alpine region or the high-altitude area can be evaluated more objectively and accurately, on one hand, the evolution rule of the permeability of the concrete panel in the water level change area of the alpine region and the high-altitude area can be evaluated accurately, and thus, the safety of the anti-seepage system of the panel dam under the complex condition can be mastered accurately and the risk can be early warned in time; on the other hand, the influence and influence rule of bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and corrosion coupling action on the permeability of the concrete panel under the complex condition can be obtained, so that the optimal design of the concrete panel under the complex condition of the alpine and high-altitude areas is guided.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a left side view of the structure of a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of the bending and pulling loading device of the panel test piece;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the loading device stress stability over time under bending tensile stress;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the vacuum water saturator;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the vacuum water saturator;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the structure of the resistance testing device of the panel test piece;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of the structure of the positive test cell;
fig. 8 is a sectional view of the positive electrode plate at the liquid injection hole;
FIG. 9 is a graph of resistance versus permeability coefficient for a concrete panel test piece;
FIG. 10 is a resistance test chart of a concrete panel test piece under the action of bending tensile stress;
FIG. 11 is an isometric view of a concrete panel test piece flexural tensile stress and freeze coupling test;
FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a concrete panel test piece bending tensile stress and melting coupling test;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing force value and temperature under bending tensile stress and freeze-thaw coupling;
FIG. 14 is an axonometric view of the bending tensile stress and accelerated corrosion coupling test of a concrete panel test piece.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a reaction frame; 2. a mechanical jack; 3. a load sensor; 4. an upper pressure plate; 5. a concrete panel test piece; 6. a first support roller; 7. a second branch roller; 8. a positive electrode test cell; 9. an exhaust member; 10. a barometer; 11. strain gauges and thermometers; 12. a housing; 13. a vacuum water saturation cylinder; 14. a power source; 15. an air extraction device; 16. a negative electrode test cell; 17. a water inlet and outlet device; 18. a cylinder cover; 19. a low temperature test chamber; 20. a constant temperature water bath; 21. a constant temperature saline solution tank; 1-1, an upper transverse frame; 1-2, a first vertical support; 1-3, a second vertical support; 1-4, a third vertical support; 1-5, a fourth vertical support; 1-6, a lower transverse frame; 1-7, a boss; 1-11, a first upper transverse plate; 1-12, a second upper transverse plate; 1-13, a first rib plate; 1-61, a first lower transverse plate; 1-62, a second rib; 8-1, a first test tank; 8-2, a first copper electrode mesh plate; 8-3, a first sealing gasket; 8-4, first sealant; 8-5, and a hole I; 8-6, a first liquid injection hole; 8-7, a first binding post; 13-1, a first sealing gasket; 16-1, a second test cell; 16-2, a second copper electrode mesh plate; 16-3, a second sealing gasket; 16-4, second sealant; 16-5 and a hole II; 16-6 and a second liquid injection hole; 16-7, a second binding post; 13-1 and a first sealing gasket.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 10-fig. 14, a device for testing the permeability of a panel under the multi-factor coupling effect includes a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device, a vacuum water saturator, a panel test piece resistance testing device, a low-temperature test chamber 19, a constant-temperature water bath 20 and a constant-temperature salt solution tank 21;
the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device is used for applying bending and pulling loads to the concrete panel test piece 5;
the vacuum water saturation machine is used for performing vacuum water saturation on the concrete panel test piece 5;
the panel test piece resistance testing device is used for testing the resistance of the concrete panel test piece 5 which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads;
the low-temperature test box 19 is used for freezing a concrete panel test piece 5 which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads;
the constant-temperature water bath 20 is used for melting the frozen concrete panel test piece 5 which is not applied or applied with bending and pulling loads;
the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 is used for corroding the melted concrete panel test piece 5 which is not applied or applied with bending and pulling loads.
The nondestructive testing of the permeability of the concrete panel is realized under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and accelerated corrosion, and the operation is simple, convenient and quick; the method can realize the long-term stability of the bending tensile stress borne by the concrete panel test piece under the conditions of high stress level, freeze-thaw cycle and salt solution soaking corrosion, so the influence of the high-level bending tensile stress, freeze-thaw and accelerated corrosion long-term coupling action on the permeability of the concrete panel can be observed through the method.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device comprises a loading device and a stress testing device, the loading device comprises a reaction frame 1, a mechanical jack 2 and an upper pressure plate 4, the stress testing device comprises a load sensor 3, a strain gauge, a thermometer 11 and a data acquisition device, the mechanical jack 2, the load sensor 3 and the upper pressure plate 4 are sequentially connected into a frame body of the reaction frame 1 from top to bottom, the strain gauge and the thermometer 11 are both connected with the reaction frame 1, and the load sensor 3, the strain gauge and the thermometer 11 are all electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
When the device is used, the concrete panel test piece 5 is placed on the reaction frame 1, the strain gauge and the thermometer 11 are taken down from the frame body of the reaction frame 1, the strain gauge and the thermometer 11 are connected to the lower surface of the concrete panel test piece 5, the concrete panel test piece 5 is loaded through a mechanical jack, the concrete panel test piece 5 is subjected to uniform bending moment, the bending tensile stress of the concrete panel under the actual service condition is simulated, the bending tensile stress value of the concrete panel test piece 5 is changed by adjusting the pressure applied by the mechanical jack, the loading precision of the loading device is high, the load can be kept stable for a long time, and the concrete panel test piece 5 can be stably applied with bending tensile stresses of different levels; the stress testing device collects the bending tensile stress, the strain data and the temperature data of the concrete panel test piece 5 in real time through the load sensor 3, the strain gauge and the thermometer 11, transmits the collected data to the data collecting device in real time, adjusts the applied pressure of the mechanical jack according to the collected data, tests the applied pressure of the mechanical jack and the bending tensile deformation of the concrete panel test piece 5 in real time, verifies the size and the stability of the bending tensile stress borne by the concrete panel test piece 5 in real time, enables the bending tensile strength of the concrete panel test piece 5 within an allowable range, and randomly adjusts the size of the bending tensile stress, thereby realizing the test of the permeability of the concrete panel under different bending tensile stress levels. The Data acquisition device is an existing device, details of which are not described herein, and an Australian import Data tager DT80 Data acquisition instrument can be adopted.
The strain gauge and the thermometer 11 are connected below the concrete panel test piece 5 and are external strain gauges and thermometers, so that the measurement precision is met, and the device is economical and practical.
Preferably, the reaction frame 1 comprises an upper transverse frame 1-1, a first vertical support 1-2 and a second vertical support 1-3, the left end in front of the upper transverse frame 1-1 is connected with the left end in front of the lower transverse frame 1-6 through the first vertical support 1-2, the right end in front of the upper transverse frame 1-1 is connected with the right end in front of the lower transverse frame 1-6 through the second vertical support 1-3, the left end in back of the upper transverse frame 1-1 is connected with the left end in back of the lower transverse frame 1-6 through the third vertical support 1-4, and the right end in back of the upper transverse frame 1-1 is connected with the right end in back of the lower transverse frame 1-6 through the fourth vertical support 1-5.
The reaction frame 1 is simple and stable in structure, can stably install the concrete panel test piece 5, other parts of the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device and the panel test piece resistance testing device together, and is small in occupied area and stable in operation.
Preferably, bosses 1-7 are arranged and connected below the upper cross frame 1-1, and the bosses 1-7 are connected with the top of the mechanical jack 2.
The aperture of the boss is the same as the size of the top of the mechanical jack 2, so that the mechanical jack 2 can be conveniently placed in the middle.
Preferably, the upper press plate 4 further comprises 2 first support rollers 6, the reaction frame 1 further comprises 2 second support rollers 7, the 2 first support rollers 6 are longitudinally connected below the upper press plate 4 at intervals in a bilateral symmetry manner, the 1 second support roller 7 is longitudinally connected between the first vertical support 1-2 and the third vertical support 1-4, the other second support roller 7 is longitudinally connected between the second vertical support 1-3 and the fourth vertical support 1-5, the 2 second support rollers 7 are in bilateral symmetry, and the 2 first support rollers 6 are located above the 2 second support rollers 7.
During the use, connect concrete panel test piece 5 between 2 first rollers 6 and 2 second rollers 7, 2 first rollers 6 and 2 second rollers 7 form four-point bending loading, under the four-point bending test condition, concrete panel test piece 5 simplifies to a simple beam, form pure curved section between 2 first rollers 6 of concrete panel test piece 5, moment of flexure evenly distributed, through the position between 2 first rollers 6 of adjustment, can make most of panel test piece receive even moment of flexure effect, thereby the bending tensile stress effect that concrete panel received under the actual service condition is better simulated.
Preferably, the distance between the 2 first support rollers 6 is adjustable. The distance between 2 first branch rollers 6 is adjusted as required, and most of panel test pieces can be subjected to the action of uniform bending moment, so that the action of bending tensile stress on the concrete panel under the actual service condition can be better simulated.
Preferably, the upper crossbearer 1-1 comprises a first upper transverse plate 1-11, a second upper transverse plate 1-12 and a plurality of first rib plates 1-13, the first upper transverse plate 1-11 and the second upper transverse plate 1-12 are symmetrically arranged transversely from top to bottom, the first upper transverse plate 1-11 and the second upper transverse plate 1-12 are connected through the plurality of first rib plates 1-13, and the plurality of first rib plates 1-13 are vertically connected at uniform intervals; the lower crossbearers 1-6 comprise first lower transverse plates 1-61 and a plurality of second ribbed plates 1-62, the upper surfaces of the first lower transverse plates 1-61 are connected with second support rollers 7, the lower surfaces of the first lower transverse plates 1-61 are vertically connected with the second ribbed plates 1-62 at uniform intervals, and the lower surfaces of the second upper transverse plates 1-12 are connected with bosses 1-7. Simple structure, stability is high.
Preferably, the reaction frame 1 is formed by welding high-strength chromium-plated anticorrosive steel plates, the upper pressing plate 4 is made of high-strength chromium-plated anticorrosive steel plates, and the first support roller 6 and the second support roller 7 are made of high-strength chromium-plated anticorrosive support rollers.
The high-strength chromium-plated anti-corrosion steel plate and the high-strength chromium-plated anti-corrosion support roller can be guaranteed not to deform in the loading process, and the long-term stability of the bending and pulling load is guaranteed; and the test piece 5 is corrosion-resistant, and is not easy to corrode when exposed in air and contacted with the water-saturated concrete panel. The loading device is ensured to have enough rigidity, and the long-term stability of the bending and pulling load can be ensured as shown in figure 3.
The application method of the bending and pulling loading device for the panel test piece comprises the following steps:
placing a concrete panel test piece 5 on the 2 second support rollers 7, then placing an upper pressure plate 4 on the concrete panel test piece 5, connecting the 2 first support rollers 6 with the concrete panel test piece 5, carrying out four-point loading on the concrete panel test piece 5 through a mechanical jack, enabling the concrete panel test piece 5 to be subjected to uniform bending moment action, simulating the bending tensile stress on the concrete panel under actual service conditions, and changing the bending tensile stress value on the concrete panel test piece 5 by adjusting the magnitude of the pressure applied by the mechanical jack, wherein the loading device has high loading precision, can stably apply loads for a long time, and can stably apply bending tensile stresses of different levels to the concrete panel test piece 5; the stress testing device collects bending and pulling data and temperature data of the concrete panel test piece 5 in real time through the load sensor 3, the strain gauge and the thermometer 11, the collected data are transmitted to the data collecting device in real time, the applied pressure of the mechanical jack is adjusted according to the collected data, the applied pressure of the mechanical jack and the bending and pulling deformation of the concrete panel test piece 5 are tested in real time, the size and the stability of the bending and pulling stress borne by the concrete panel test piece 5 are verified in real time, the size of the bending and pulling stress is adjusted freely within the allowable range of the bending and pulling strength of the concrete panel test piece 5, and therefore the testing of the permeability of the concrete panel under different bending and pulling stress levels is achieved.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the resistance test apparatus for a panel sample according to example 2 includes a positive test cell 8, a negative test cell 16, and an ac digital bridge electrically connecting the positive test cell 8 and the negative test cell 16, respectively.
During the use, the one end of concrete panel test piece 5 is connected to positive pole test groove 8, the other end of concrete panel test piece 5 is connected to negative pole test groove 16, positive pole test groove 8 and negative pole test groove 16 are connected respectively to the alternating current digital bridge, positive pole test groove 8 is anodal, negative pole test groove 16 is the negative pole, the resistance of recording alternating current digital bridge begins to read in the experiment, the electrode passes through the connecting wire and inserts the alternating current digital bridge as resistance with concrete panel test piece 5, the resistance of concrete panel test piece 5 can directly be tested to the digital bridge. Simple structure, convenient operation measures accurately.
Preferably, the positive test groove 8 comprises a first test groove 8-1, a first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2, a first sealing washer 8-3 and a first sealant 8-4, a hole 8-5 is horizontally formed in the middle of one side of the first test groove 8-1 from outside to inside, the first sealing washer 8-3 and the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2 are sleeved in the hole 8-5 from outside to inside, a first liquid injection hole 8-6 and a first wiring terminal 8-7 are formed in the positive test groove 8, the first liquid injection hole 8-6 sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the first test groove 8-1 and the upper portion of the first sealing washer 8-3, the first liquid injection hole 8-6 is communicated with the first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2, and the lower end of the first wiring terminal 8-7 sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the first test groove 8-1 and the upper portion of the first sealing washer 8-3 and the first wiring terminal 8-7 The lower end of the first wiring terminal 8-7 is connected with a first copper electrode screen plate 8-2, the upper end of the first wiring terminal 8-7 penetrates out of the first test groove 8-1, a saline solution is injected into the first liquid injection hole 8-6, and the first wiring terminal 8-7 is electrically connected with an alternating current digital bridge.
Preferably, the negative test groove 16 comprises a second test groove 16-1, a second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2, a second sealing washer 16-3 and a second sealant 16-4, a hole second 16-5 is horizontally formed in the middle of one side of the second test groove 16-1 from outside to inside, the second sealing washer 16-3 and the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2 are sleeved in the hole second 16-5 from outside to inside, a second liquid injection hole 16-6 and a second binding post 16-7 are formed in the negative test groove 16, the second liquid injection hole 16-6 sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the second test groove 16-1 and the upper portion of the second sealing washer 16-3, the second liquid injection hole 16-6 is communicated with the second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2, and the lower end of the second binding post 16-7 sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the second test groove 16-1 and the upper portion of the second sealing washer 16-3 and the second binding post 16-7 The lower end of the second wiring terminal 16-7 penetrates out of the second test groove 16-1, a saline solution is injected into the second liquid injection hole 16-6, and the second wiring terminal 16-7 is electrically connected with the alternating current digital bridge.
When testing the resistance of the concrete panel test piece 5 or the resistance of the concrete panel test piece 5 under the action of bending and pulling loads, wiping the concrete panel test piece 5 to be tested to be in a dry-face state, and installing the test piece between a positive electrode test groove 8 and a negative electrode test groove 16 (namely, one end of the concrete panel test piece 5 is connected into a hole I8-5, the concrete panel test piece 5 is positioned on the outer sides of a first copper electrode mesh plate 8-2 and a first sealing washer 8-3, a first sealing glue 8-4 is filled between the concrete panel test piece 5 and the first test groove 8-1, the other end of the concrete panel test piece 5 is connected into a hole II 16-5, the concrete panel test piece 5 is positioned on the outer sides of a second copper electrode mesh plate 16-2 and a second sealing washer 16-3, and a second sealing glue 16-4 is filled between the concrete panel test piece 5 and the second test groove 16-1), first sealant 8-4 is filled between the concrete panel test piece 5 and the first test groove 8-1 until no liquid leakage exists between the concrete panel test piece 5 and the first test groove 8-1, second sealant 16-4 is filled between the concrete panel test piece 5 and the second test groove 16-1 until no liquid leakage exists between the concrete panel test piece 5 and the second test groove 16-1, the positive pole test groove 8 passes through the first wiring terminal 8-7 and the saline solution, the negative pole test groove 16 passes through the second wiring terminal 16-7 and the saline solution, the alternating current digital bridge applies alternating current voltage to two ends of the concrete panel test piece 5, and stable current is formed inside concrete.
The positive electrode test groove 8 adopts a first copper electrode screen plate 8-2 and a salt solution, the negative electrode test groove 16 adopts a second copper electrode screen plate 16-2 and a salt solution, the conductivity is more stable, the salt solution is fully contacted with the end face of the concrete panel test piece 5, the contact area is constant, and the internal current of the concrete is stable under the condition of ensuring the alternating current voltage, so that the resistance test result is accurate and reliable after the panel test piece is connected into the alternating current digital bridge.
The first binding post 8-7 has two functions, namely, the first copper electrode screen plate 8-2 soaked in the salt solution is fixed; secondly, connecting wires are wires; the second binding post 16-7 has two functions, namely, the second copper electrode screen plate 16-2 soaked in the salt solution is fixed; and connecting wires.
Preferably, the second test groove 16-1 and the second sealing washer 16-3, the second test groove 16-1 and the concrete panel test piece 5, the first test groove 8-1 and the first sealing washer 8-3, and the first test groove 8-1 and the concrete panel test piece 5 are fixedly connected through bolts; economical and practical, and convenient to install and disassemble.
Preferably, the number of the bolts is multiple, and the multiple bolts are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the first test groove 8-1 or the second test groove 16-1. The stability of the connection seal is improved.
Preferably, the first sealing washer 8-3 and the second sealing washer 16-3 are both rubber sealing washers. Rubber seal ring mainly plays the stagnant water effect, prevents that the salt solution from oozing from the contact surface of test cell and concrete panel test piece 5, also can play the effect that reduces the test piece and to test cell limit wall wearing and tearing simultaneously.
Preferably, the salt solution is a 3% NaCl solution. The 3% NaCl solution meets the requirement of conductivity and has less corrosivity.
Preferably, the first copper electrode mesh sheet 8-2 and the second copper electrode mesh sheet 16-2 are perforated copper sheets, the size is 80mm × 155mm, the thickness is 0.50 ± 0.05mm, and the mesh aperture of the perforated copper sheets is 0.95mm ± 0.09 mm. The conductivity of the electrode can be ensured.
Preferably, the alternating current digital bridge is electrically connected with the first binding post 8-7 and the second binding post 16-7 through connecting wires respectively, the connecting wires are copper wires, and the diameter of each copper wire is larger than 0.3 mm. The requirement of test load current is met, and the steel wire is not easy to break.
Preferably, the first test cell 8-1 and the second test cell 16-1 are hard organic glass cells. Corrosion resistance and rigidity meeting the use requirement.
The use method of the panel test piece resistance testing device comprises the following steps:
the concrete panel test piece 5 is connected between a positive electrode test groove 8 and a negative electrode test groove 16, an alternating current digital bridge is respectively connected with a first binding post 8-7 and a second binding post 16-7 through electrodes, the positive electrode test groove 8 serves as a positive electrode, the negative electrode test groove 16 serves as a negative electrode, saline solution is respectively injected into a first liquid injection hole 8-6 and a second liquid injection hole 16-6, the resistance of the alternating current digital bridge is read and recorded at the beginning of a test, the electrodes are connected into the alternating current digital bridge with the concrete panel test piece 5 serving as a resistor through connecting wires, and the digital bridge can directly test the resistance of the concrete panel test piece 5.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, in embodiment 3, the vacuum water saturation machine includes a housing 12, a vacuum water saturation cylinder 13, a power supply 14, an air pumping device 15, a water inlet and outlet device 17, a cylinder cover 18 and an air exhaust member 9, the cylinder cover 18 is connected to the upper surface of the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13, the power supply 14 and the air pumping device 15 are all connected to the housing 12, the power supply 14 and the air pumping device 15 are located outside the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13, the power supply 14 is electrically connected to the air pumping device 15, an air pumping end of the air pumping device 15 is communicated with the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13, one end of the air pumping device 15 is connected to a lower end of the water inlet and outlet device 17, and the other end of the air pumping device 15 penetrates out of the housing 12.
The power supply 14 supplies power to the air extracting device 15, and the air extracting device 15 is used for extracting the air pressure in the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13 to a target air pressure; the water inlet and outlet device 17 facilitates water inlet and water outlet in the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13; the exhaust member 9 facilitates the evacuation of the vacuum saturation tube 13.
The use method of the vacuum water saturator comprises the following steps:
when a vacuum water saturation experiment is performed, the concrete panel test piece 5 is placed in the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13, distilled water is injected into the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13, the air pressure in the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13 can reach the experiment requirement through the air exhaust device 15, and water enters the concrete panel test piece 5 under the negative pressure condition and is kept until the water reaches the saturation state.
Preferably, the cylinder cover 18 is provided with a barometer 10 connected thereon. The air pressure gauge 10 is convenient for detecting the air pressure in the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13.
Preferably, the water inlet and outlet device 17 includes a water inlet valve, a water outlet valve, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, one path of the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13 is connected to the water inlet pipe through the water inlet valve, and the other path of the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13 is connected to the water outlet pipe through the water outlet valve. Simple structure and convenient water inlet and outlet.
Preferably, a first sealing gasket 13-1 is arranged and connected between the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13 and the cylinder cover 18. The sealing property of the vacuum water saturation tube 13 is ensured.
Preferably, a second sealing member is disposed and connected at the connection position of the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13 and the water inlet and outlet device 17. The sealing state of the joint can be ensured.
Preferably, the vacuum water saturation cylinder 13 is made of stainless steel. The stainless steel material has good corrosion resistance.
Example 4:
on the basis of the embodiment 3, the constant temperature water bath 20 and the constant temperature saline solution tank 21 are externally provided and connected with outer covers.
The constant temperature water bath 20 and the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 both adopt the existing devices, and the results are not described in detail, wherein the constant temperature water bath 20 is externally connected with an outer cover to prevent the water in the constant temperature water bath 20 from evaporating too fast; the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 is externally connected with an outer cover to prevent the water in the salt solution tank from evaporating too fast.
Preferably, the housing is a plastic housing. Economical and practical, and convenient for material drawing.
Preferably, the outer covers are all provided with lead holes. The lead hole is convenient for the sensor lead wire, convenient monitoring.
Preferably, the low-temperature test chamber 19, the constant-temperature water bath 20 and the constant-temperature salt solution tank 21 are all sized to accommodate a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device. The test is convenient to be carried out smoothly.
Preferably, the constant temperature water bath 20 and the constant temperature saline solution tank 21 are made of glass fiber reinforced plastics or stainless steel. Corrosion resistance and prolonged service life.
Preferably, the lowest temperature of the low-temperature test box 19 is reduced to-40 ℃, the temperature uniformity is less than or equal to +/-2 ℃, the temperature fluctuation degree is less than or equal to +/-0.5 ℃, and the temperature control precision is +/-0.2 ℃. The test range is wide, and the precision is high.
Example 5:
a test method based on the device for testing the permeability of the panel under the multi-factor coupling effect comprises the following steps:
1) selecting concrete panels with multiple mixing ratios, manufacturing a concrete panel test piece and a concrete circular truncated cone test piece from each concrete panel with multiple mixing ratios by adopting the same process, curing the manufactured concrete panel test piece and concrete circular truncated cone test piece with each mixing ratio to the required age, testing the resistance of the cured concrete panel test piece with each mixing ratio and the permeability coefficient of the concrete circular truncated cone test piece, and establishing a relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece through regression analysis; adopting a panel test piece resistance testing device when testing the concrete panel test piece resistance of each mixing ratio after the maintenance, and carrying out vacuum water saturation on the concrete panel test piece after the maintenance by adopting a vacuum water saturation machine before the test;
2) preparing a concrete panel test piece to be tested according to the mixing proportion of the concrete panel to be tested, curing the concrete panel test piece to be tested to the required age, and carrying out vacuum water saturation on the cured concrete panel test piece to be tested by adopting a vacuum water saturation machine; applying bending and pulling load to the concrete panel test piece to be tested after vacuum water saturation by adopting a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device; when the bending and pulling load is applied, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the bending and pulling loading device of the panel test piece are placed in the low-temperature test box 19 together for freezing; taking out the frozen concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device together, and placing the concrete panel test piece and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device into a constant temperature water bath 20 for melting; after the freezing and melting processes are repeated to a design value, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are taken out together and placed in a constant-temperature salt solution tank 21 for corrosion, when the corrosion time reaches the design value, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are taken out together, a positive electrode test tank 8 and a negative electrode test tank 16 are installed at two ends of the concrete panel test piece, and the panel test piece resistance testing device is used for testing the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested under the bending and pulling load action;
3) and (2) obtaining the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece under the bending-pulling load, freeze thawing and corrosion coupling action according to the relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece established in the step (1) and the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested in the step (2).
The permeability test of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and accelerated corrosion can be realized, so that the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and corrosion of the water level change area panel under the actual service condition of the alpine region or the high-altitude area can be evaluated more objectively and accurately, on one hand, the evolution rule of the permeability of the concrete panel in the water level change area of the alpine region and the high-altitude area can be evaluated accurately, and thus the accurate mastering and timely early warning of the security of the anti-seepage system of the panel dam under the complex condition can be realized; on the other hand, the influence and influence rule of the bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and corrosion coupling action on the permeability of the concrete panel under the complex condition can be obtained, so that the optimal design of the concrete panel under the complex condition of the alpine and high-altitude areas is guided.
Preferably, tap water is injected into the constant-temperature water bath tank 20, and 3mol/L NH with the temperature of 18-20 ℃ is injected into the constant-temperature salt solution tank 21 4 Cl solution, the liquid level of tap water in the constant temperature water bath tank 20 is 20-30mm higher than that of the concrete panel test piece, and NH in the constant temperature salt solution tank 21 4 The liquid level of the Cl solution is 20-30mm higher than that of the concrete panel test piece. And the concrete panel test piece is completely immersed in the solution, so that the freezing-thawing and corrosion speeds are accelerated.
Example 6:
a test method based on the device for testing the permeability of the panel under the multi-factor coupling effect comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece;
selecting concrete panels with 5 mixing ratios, adopting the same process to prepare a concrete panel test piece with the size of 550mm x 150mm x 75mm and a concrete round table test piece with the size of the concrete panel test piece with the 5 mixing ratios according to the requirement of a concrete relative permeability test in SL/T352 and 2020, and carrying out standard maintenance to the required age after demolding.
The resistance of the concrete panel test piece and the permeability coefficient of the concrete circular truncated cone test piece were tested at 3d, 7d, 14d, 28d, 56d and 90d curing ages, respectively. The concrete panel test piece resistance test is carried out by adopting the panel test piece resistance test device, and before the test, the concrete panel test piece is vacuumized for 3 hours by adopting a vacuum water saturation machine and is saturated with 18 hours. The permeability coefficient of the concrete round table test piece is carried out according to the requirement of a concrete relative permeability test in SL/T352 and 2020.
Through regression analysis, a relationship curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece is established and shown in the attached figure 9, wherein y is the permeability coefficient of the panel test piece, x is the resistance of the panel test piece, and R is 2 Is the decision coefficient.
2) Testing the resistance of a concrete panel test piece to be tested under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freezing and thawing and corrosion;
according to the mixing proportion of the concrete panel to be detected, preparing a concrete panel test piece to be detected, wherein the size of the concrete panel test piece is 550mm x 150mm x 75mm, curing the concrete panel test piece to 28d under standard conditions, and then vacuumizing the concrete panel test piece for 3h by using a vacuum water saturation machine, and saturating the concrete panel test piece for 18 h; applying bending and pulling load to the concrete panel test piece to be tested after vacuum water saturation by adopting the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device; when a bending and pulling load is applied, a concrete panel test piece to be tested and a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device thereof are placed in a low-temperature test box 19 together, and the concrete panel test piece is frozen for 6 hours at the temperature of minus 20 ℃; taking out the frozen concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device together, placing the frozen concrete panel test piece and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device into a constant-temperature water bath tank 20, injecting tap water with the temperature of 18-20 ℃ into the constant-temperature water bath tank 20, wherein the water adding time is not more than 10min, covering a plastic outer cover, and ensuring that the water level in the constant-temperature water bath tank 20 is 20-30mm higher than that of the concrete test piece and the melting time is not less than 6 h; and repeating the freezing and melting processes to a designed value to realize the bending tensile stress and the freezing and melting coupling action.
When the freezing and melting processes reach the design values, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are taken out together and placed in the constant-temperature salt solution tank 21, and the concrete panel test piece and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are placed in the constant-temperature salt solution tank 213mol/L NH with the injection temperature of 18-20 DEG C 4 Cl solution, NH in constant temperature salt solution tank 21 4 The Cl solution surface is 20-30mm higher than the concrete sample. The coupling effect of bending tensile stress and accelerated corrosion is realized.
When the corrosion time reaches the design value, taking out the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device together, installing a positive electrode test groove 8 and a negative electrode test groove 16 at two ends of the concrete panel test piece, and testing the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested under the bending and pulling load action by adopting a panel test piece resistance testing device;
3) and (2) obtaining the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece under the bending-pulling load, freeze thawing and corrosion coupling action according to the relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece established in the step (1) and the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested in the step (2).
The loading monitoring system monitors readings of the load sensor and the temperature sensor in real time, and results show that the bending and pulling load is stable for a long time in the freezing and thawing cycle process, and the environmental temperature meets the requirements. According to the harsh degree of the environment where the concrete panel is located, the bending tensile stress and the freezing-thawing coupling action, and the bending tensile stress and the corrosion coupling action can be alternately and circularly carried out, and the resistance of the panel test piece under the bending tensile stress action is tested after the freezing-thawing cycle and the corrosion time reach design values respectively.
The invention can realize the long-term stability of the bending and pulling load of the concrete panel under the condition of high stress level. Therefore, the invention can observe the influence of the long-term action of the high-level bending tensile stress on the permeability of the concrete panel.
The invention can freely adjust the bending tensile stress within the allowable range of the bending tensile strength of the panel, thereby realizing the test of the permeability of the concrete panel under different bending tensile stress levels.
The invention can realize the long-term stability of the bending tensile stress borne by the concrete panel under the conditions of high stress level, freeze-thaw cycle and salt solution soaking corrosion. Therefore, the invention can observe the influence of the long-term coupling action of high-level bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and accelerated corrosion on the permeability of the concrete panel.
The invention realizes the nondestructive testing of the permeability of the concrete panel under the coupling action of bending tensile stress, freeze thawing and accelerated corrosion, and has simple, convenient and quick operation.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "inner", "lower", and the like, if any, refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and do not refer to or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, the terms describing a positional relationship in the drawings are used for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be the same or similar designs as the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for testing permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling, comprising: comprises a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device, a vacuum water saturation machine, a panel test piece resistance testing device, a low-temperature test box (19), a constant-temperature water bath (20) and a constant-temperature salt solution tank (21);
the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device is used for applying bending and pulling load to the concrete panel test piece (5);
the vacuum water saturation machine is used for performing vacuum water saturation on the concrete panel test piece (5);
the panel test piece resistance testing device is used for testing the resistance of a concrete panel test piece (5) which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads;
the low-temperature test box (19) is used for freezing a concrete panel test piece (5) which is not applied or is applied with bending and pulling loads;
the constant temperature water bath (20) is used for melting the frozen concrete panel test piece (5) which is not applied or applied with bending and pulling loads;
the constant temperature salt solution tank (21) is used for corroding the melted concrete panel test piece (5) which is not applied or applied with bending and pulling loads.
2. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device comprises a loading device and a stress testing device, wherein the loading device comprises a reaction frame (1), a mechanical jack (2) and an upper pressing plate (4), the stress testing device comprises a load sensor (3), a strain gauge, a thermometer (11) and a data acquisition device, the mechanical jack (2) is sequentially connected with the upper pressing plate (4) from top to bottom in a frame body of the reaction frame (1), the strain gauge and the thermometer (11) are connected with the reaction frame (1), the load sensor (3), the strain gauge and the thermometer (11) are all electrically connected with the data acquisition device.
3. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling according to claim 2, wherein: the reaction frame (1) comprises an upper transverse frame (1-1), a first vertical support (1-2), a second vertical support (1-3), a third vertical support (1-4), a fourth vertical support (1-5) and a lower transverse frame (1-6), the upper transverse frame (1-1) and the lower transverse frame (1-6) are arranged in a transverse symmetry manner from top to bottom, the front left end of the upper transverse frame (1-1) is connected with the front left end of the lower transverse frame (1-6) through the first vertical support (1-2), the front right end of the upper transverse frame (1-1) is connected with the front right end of the lower transverse frame (1-6) through the second vertical support (1-3), the rear left end of the upper transverse frame (1-1) is connected with the rear left end of the lower transverse frame (1-6) through the third vertical support (1-4), and the rear right end of the upper transverse frame (1-1) is connected with the lower transverse frame (1-6) through the fourth vertical support (1-5) 6) The right end of the back.
4. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling according to claim 3, wherein: the upper pressure plate (4) further comprises 2 first support rollers (6), the reaction frame (1) further comprises 2 second support rollers (7), the 2 first support rollers (6) are longitudinally connected below the upper pressure plate (4) at intervals in a bilateral symmetry mode, the 1 second support rollers (7) are longitudinally connected between the first vertical supports (1-2) and the third vertical supports (1-4), the other second support roller (7) is longitudinally connected between the second vertical supports (1-3) and the fourth vertical supports (1-5) and the 2 second support rollers (7) are in bilateral symmetry, and the 2 first support rollers (6) are located above the 2 second support rollers (7).
5. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the panel test piece resistance testing device comprises a positive electrode test groove (8), a negative electrode test groove (16) and an alternating current digital bridge, wherein the alternating current digital bridge is electrically connected with the positive electrode test groove (8) and the negative electrode test groove (16) respectively.
6. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling according to claim 5, wherein: the anode test groove (8) comprises a first test groove (8-1), a first copper electrode mesh plate (8-2), a first sealing washer (8-3) and a first sealant (8-4), a hole I (8-5) is horizontally formed in the middle of one side of the first test groove (8-1) from outside to inside, the first sealing washer (8-3) and the first copper electrode mesh plate (8-2) are sleeved in the hole I (8-5) from outside to inside, a first liquid injection hole (8-6) and a first wiring terminal (8-7) are formed in the anode test groove (8), the first liquid injection hole (8-6) sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the first test groove (8-1) and the upper portion of the first sealing washer (8-3), and the first liquid injection hole (8-6) is communicated with the first copper electrode mesh plate (8-2), the lower end of the first wiring terminal (8-7) sequentially penetrates through the upper portion of the first test groove (8-1) and the upper portion of the first sealing washer (8-3), the lower end of the first wiring terminal (8-7) is connected with the first copper electrode screen plate (8-2), the upper end of the first wiring terminal (8-7) penetrates out of the first test groove (8-1), a saline solution is injected into the first liquid injection hole (8-6), and the first wiring terminal (8-7) is electrically connected with the alternating current digital bridge.
7. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the vacuum water saturation machine comprises a shell (12), a vacuum water saturation cylinder (13), a power supply (14), an air extracting device (15), a water inlet and drainage device (17), a cylinder cover (18) and an exhaust part (9), wherein the cylinder cover (18) is connected to the upper surface of the vacuum water saturation cylinder (13), the power supply (14) and the air extracting device (15) are all connected into the shell (12), the power supply (14) and the air extracting device (15) are located outside the vacuum water saturation cylinder (13), the power supply (14) is electrically connected with the air extracting device (15), the air extracting end of the air extracting device (15) is communicated with the vacuum water saturation cylinder (13), one end of the air extracting device (15) is connected to the lower end of the water inlet and drainage device (17), and the other end of the air extracting device (15) penetrates out of the shell (12).
8. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling of claim 1, wherein: and outer covers are arranged and connected outside the constant-temperature water bath tank (20) and the constant-temperature salt solution tank (21).
9. The apparatus for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactor coupling of claim 8, wherein: the outer covers are all provided with lead holes.
10. A test method based on the device for testing the permeability of a panel under multifactorial coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting concrete panels with various mixing ratios, manufacturing a concrete panel test piece and a concrete circular truncated cone test piece from each of the concrete panels with various mixing ratios by adopting the same process, curing the manufactured concrete panel test piece and the concrete circular truncated cone test piece with each mixing ratio to the required age, testing the resistance of the cured concrete panel test piece with each mixing ratio and the permeability coefficient of the concrete circular truncated cone test piece, and establishing a relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece through regression analysis; adopting a panel test piece resistance testing device when testing the concrete panel test piece resistance of each mixing ratio after the maintenance, and carrying out vacuum water saturation on the concrete panel test piece after the maintenance by adopting a vacuum water saturation machine before the test;
2) preparing a concrete panel test piece to be tested according to the mixing proportion of the concrete panel to be tested, curing the concrete panel test piece to be tested to the required age, and carrying out vacuum water saturation on the cured concrete panel test piece to be tested by adopting a vacuum water saturation machine; applying bending and pulling load to the concrete panel test piece to be tested after vacuum water saturation by adopting a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device; when a bending and pulling load is applied, a concrete panel test piece to be tested and a panel test piece bending and pulling loading device thereof are placed in a low-temperature test box (19) together for freezing; taking out the frozen concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device together, and placing the frozen concrete panel test piece and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device into a constant-temperature water bath (20) for melting; after the freezing and melting processes are repeated to a design value, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are taken out together and placed in a constant-temperature salt solution tank (21) for corrosion, when the corrosion time reaches the design value, the concrete panel test piece to be tested and the panel test piece bending and pulling loading device are taken out together, a positive electrode test tank (8) and a negative electrode test tank (16) are arranged at two ends of the concrete panel test piece, and the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested under the bending and pulling load action is tested by adopting a panel test piece resistance testing device;
3) and obtaining the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece under the bending-pulling load, freeze thawing and corrosion coupling action according to the relation curve of the resistance and the permeability coefficient of the concrete panel test piece established in the step 1) and the resistance of the concrete panel test piece to be tested in the step 2).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116296933A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-06-23 | 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 | Water conservancy construction concrete performance check out test set |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116296933A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-06-23 | 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 | Water conservancy construction concrete performance check out test set |
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