CN115096733A - Testing device and evaluation method for rotary reciprocating abrasion of sleeve under complex working condition - Google Patents
Testing device and evaluation method for rotary reciprocating abrasion of sleeve under complex working condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing the rotary and reciprocating abrasion of a sleeve under a complex working condition and an evaluation method, wherein the device comprises a high-temperature autoclave, a rotating shaft, a driving mechanism, a sleeve, a supporting plate, an output shaft, a limiting plate, a sleeve sample and a clamping mechanism; the invention can simulate the casing wear condition under high-temperature high-pressure gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow corrosive medium and complex drilling parameters, can realize the rotary motion, reciprocating motion and rotary reciprocating combined motion between the drill rod and the casing in the rotary drilling and tripping processes of the deep well and can apply lateral force, rotary speed and reciprocating speed on the drill rod/casing friction pair according to the drilling operation parameters, can test the rotary reciprocating mixed wear characteristic curve of the casing at a target well section, can predict the residual wall thickness of the casing wear at each opening time, and provides an evaluation device and a method for the simulation experiment, the quantitative evaluation of the casing strength and the preparation of wear measures in the casing wear chamber under the extreme severe condition of the deep well of an unconventional oil and gas reservoir and a special oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining exploitation, in particular to a device for testing the rotary reciprocating abrasion of a casing pipe under a complex working condition and an evaluation method.
Background
Along with exploration and development, the drilling process faces three-dimensional complex borehole tracks of deep ultra-deep wells, highly-deviated wells, large-displacement horizontal wells and the like, the drilling, reaming, tripping, underground complex and underground fault processes are complex and staggered, contact stress exists between a drill string and a casing, and the casing is rotated, reciprocated and compositely moved to cause the casing abrasion phenomenon.
The casing wear affects a number of factors, including: drilling parameters, drilling fluid, dog leg degree, contact stress between a drill rod and a casing, materials of the drill string and the casing, friction coefficient, friction time, accumulated stroke, drill rod rotating speed, drilling time, drill string tripping speed and times, high-temperature decomposition of the drilling fluid, dissolution of corrosive media, carrying of solid-phase particles such as rock debris and the like, meanwhile, a multi-set pressure system of a deep well and an ultra-deep well causes underground complexity and underground faults in the drilling process, the drilling tripping times are large due to drilling tool combination change, drilling match, pump pressure change, well logging, coring and the like, the drillability is poor, the mechanical drilling speed is low, the drill string is eccentric due to a complex well track, the casing is complex in stress, and the drill string generates sinusoidal buckling, spiral buckling and vortex motion due to large friction torque and dog leg degree, so that not only is the contact time and the contact stress between the casing and the drill rod increased, but also the reciprocating abrasion, the rotary abrasion and the high-temperature and high sulfur-containing corrosion synergistic effect are realized, the abrasion degree of the casing is increased, the problems of perforation, deformation, fracture, crushing and the like of the casing are caused, and even great economic losses such as well hole scrapping and the like are caused.
The casing abrasion is a key influence factor of the strength safety of the deep well and ultra-deep well casing string, the rotary reciprocating mixed abrasion evaluation of the deep well and ultra-deep well casing under the working condition of high-temperature and high-pressure corrosion has extremely important value in the aspects of theory and engineering, most of the prior art can not simulate the complex stress state and the complex motion form of the complex friction pair between the drill rod and the casing, in the abrasion test process, only reciprocating friction motion or rotary friction motion of the sleeve can be realized singly, and rotary reciprocating mixed friction motion cannot be realized, so that the rotary reciprocating abrasion data of the test sleeve is lacked, and further, the system reliable indoor evaluation device and method are lacked, so that the evaluation result of the casing wear parameters is insufficient in the fitting degree of drilling operation, and the development of casing wear prediction, quantitative evaluation and treatment technology in the drilling process of the ultra-deep well under the extreme harsh working conditions of the unconventional oil and gas reservoir and the special oil and gas reservoir is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and an evaluation method for testing the rotary reciprocating abrasion of a casing pipe under complex working conditions, which are used for finely simulating the complex motion state of a drill rod and the casing pipe, a complex corrosion medium and the casing pipe abrasion working conditions under complex drilling parameters in the drilling process of a deep well and an ultra-deep well, accurately testing the rotary reciprocating abrasion data of the casing pipe, and making and providing method basis and data support for casing pipe abrasion prediction, quantitative safety evaluation and treatment measures in the drilling process of the ultra-deep well under extreme harsh working conditions of an unconventional oil and gas reservoir and a special oil and gas reservoir.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a rotary and reciprocating abrasion testing device for a sleeve under a complex working condition comprises a high-temperature high-pressure kettle, a rotating shaft, a driving mechanism, a sleeve, a supporting plate, an output shaft, a limiting plate, a sleeve sample and a clamping mechanism; the rotating shaft is vertically arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle; the output end of the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating shaft and is used for driving the rotating shaft to rotate; the sleeve is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, an annular guide groove which is obliquely arranged is formed in the side wall of the sleeve, and a first key is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the sleeve; the supporting plate is fixed in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle and is positioned below the sleeve, and the top of the supporting plate is provided with a key groove matched with the first key; the output shaft is hollow inside and sleeved outside the sleeve, at least one vertically arranged slot is formed in the top of the output shaft, a sliding rod is fixed on the side wall of the output shaft, and one end of the sliding rod is connected with the annular guide groove in a sliding mode; the limiting plate is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft and positioned above the output shaft, and the bottom of the limiting plate is fixed with an inserting rod matched with the slot; the sleeve sample is sleeved on the outer side of the output shaft, and the inner wall of the sleeve sample is contacted with the output shaft; the clamping mechanism is used for clamping and fixing the sleeve sample.
Preferably, a second key is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the output shaft, a key groove matched with the second key is formed in the top of the supporting plate, and the side wall of the top of the sleeve is detachably connected with the rotating shaft.
Preferably, the high-temperature high-pressure autoclave comprises a kettle cover and a kettle body, the bottom of the kettle body is fixed with a base arranged below the kettle body, the top of the kettle body is detachably connected with the kettle cover, the kettle body is hermetically connected with the kettle cover through a sealing ring, a gas phase space, a liquid phase space and a gas-liquid interface are arranged in the kettle body and used for realizing the proportioning of multiphase flow media in the drilling process, a gas inlet and a liquid outlet are arranged at the bottom of the kettle body and used for realizing the inlet and the outlet of gas and liquid media required by a well casing in the drilling process, a heating sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the kettle body, and a heat insulation layer is arranged on the outer side of the heating sleeve.
Preferably, fixture includes the dead lever of a plurality of vertical settings, and the upper end of a plurality of dead levers all is fixed with the kettle cover, the lower extreme of a plurality of dead levers with the top of backup pad is fixed, and equal sliding connection has the sample holder on every dead lever, is equipped with the locking subassembly of its sliding position of locking between sample holder and the dead lever, the sleeve pipe sample is by a plurality of sample holders centre gripping.
Preferably, the upper end surface of the supporting plate is provided with a sample loading guide rail, the center of the lower end surface of the supporting plate is provided with a center block, the lower part of the casing sample is provided with a sample loading support, the sample loading support can slide along the sample loading guide rail, and the lower part of the sample loading support is connected with a loading slide block.
Preferably, the lower end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the supporting plate and is connected with a stirring blade.
Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a motor and a transmission shaft; the motor is fixed on the top of the mounting table, the mounting table is arranged above the high-temperature high-pressure autoclave, the bottom of the mounting table is fixed with the top of the base through a support column, an output shaft of the motor is connected with a primary speed reducer and a secondary speed reducer, and an output shaft of the secondary speed reducer is horizontally arranged and fixedly sleeved with a first bevel gear; the vertical setting of transmission shaft, the upper end suit of transmission shaft is fixed with second bevel gear, second bevel gear and first bevel gear meshing, the upper end of pivot extends to the kettle cover and is connected with the lower extreme of transmission shaft outward.
Preferably, still include data acquisition system, data acquisition system includes torque revolution speed sensor, cauldron internal temperature pressure sensor, cauldron body temperature sensor, heating jacket temperature sensor, data display screen and data transmission interface, torque revolution speed sensor sets up in the middle of transmission shaft and pivot and is connected with both for gather the moment of torsion Tor and the rotational motion rotational speed v of pivot 1 The temperature and pressure sensor in the kettle is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body and is used for collecting fluid medium pressure P and temperature T in the kettle, the temperature sensor in the kettle is arranged on the kettle wall of the kettle body and is used for collecting kettle body temperature T, the temperature sensor in the heating sleeve is arranged inside the heating sleeve and is used for collecting heating sleeve temperature T, the data display screen is arranged on the base and is used for displaying the collected data in real time in the test process, a data transmission interface is arranged on the data display screen and is used for leading in input and output parameters of the testing machine in real time, and an external computer control system is connected.
Preferably, still include control system, control system sets up on the base, and control system includes experimental control box, gas control valve, liquid control valve, motor switch, heating jacket switch, testing machine total power and booster pump, and gas control valve is used for control the internal gaseous phase medium's of cauldron entering and discharge, liquid control valve control the internal liquid phase medium's of cauldron entering and discharge, according to the position of the controllable gas-liquid interface of gaseous phase, liquid phase medium's volume, the opening of motor switch control motor stops, the operation of heating jacket switch control heating jacket, and the opening of all power supply unit of testing machine total power control stops, and the booster pump is used for carrying out the pressure boost to the cauldron internal.
The invention also discloses an evaluation method based on the high-temperature high-pressure corrosion working condition sleeve rotating reciprocating abrasion testing device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: analyzing the casing wear condition of each open drilling stage according to the complex geological characteristics of the deep well and the ultra-deep well, the well track, the drilling tool combination, the drill rod and the casing material specification, and determining the target open times required to carry out the casing wear experiment and prediction;
s2: collecting working condition parameters of the target open-time drilling, wherein the working condition parameters comprise drilling fluid, the content of corrosive gas of a target stratum, a temperature field and a pressure field, and defining a target well section of the target open-time drilling;
s3: analyzing the motion form between the drill rod and the casing according to the working condition parameters of the target well section, simulating the rotary reciprocating motion mode, the rotary speed, the reciprocating speed, the rotary accumulated stroke and the reciprocating accumulated stroke between the drill rod and the casing of the target well section, and calculating the contact stress between the drill rod and the casing during drilling;
s4: processing a casing sample and an output shaft according to a casing and a drill rod of a target well section, cleaning the casing sample and the output shaft, and respectively weighing and recording;
s5: matching a central hole of a sleeve pipe sample with a sample loading support, integrally arranging the sleeve pipe sample on a support plate, adjusting a plurality of sample holders to enable the sleeve pipe sample and the sample loading support to slide in one direction, enabling the sleeve pipe sample to be in contact with an output shaft and achieving the contact stress between the drill rod and the sleeve pipe calculated in the step S3, after loading is finished, enabling the output shaft to penetrate through the sleeve pipe sample, additionally arranging a stirring blade at the bottom of the output shaft, and integrally fixing the stirring blade on a kettle cover;
s6: assembling components which correspondingly drive an output shaft to realize a rotary reciprocating motion mode according to the simulated rotary reciprocating motion mode between the drill rod and the casing pipe of the target well section;
s7: preparing drilling fluid with a corresponding volume according to the drilling fluid used by the target well section, adding the drilling fluid into the kettle body 302 to a gas-liquid interface, and sealing the kettle cover and the kettle body;
s8: respectively introducing equivalent corrosive gas into the kettle body through a gas inlet and a gas outlet by using a booster pump according to the content of the corrosive gas in the target well section, controlling a heating sleeve to raise the temperature in the kettle body to the temperature of the target well section, and increasing the pressure in the kettle body to the pressure of the target well section;
s9: installing a torque and rotation speed sensor on a transmission shaft, starting a control system, and monitoring the operation of each part of the testing machine and the experimental parameter size in real time through a data acquisition system and an external computer control system;
s10: when the rotation accumulated stroke and the reciprocating accumulated stroke reach preset conditions of a target well section, closing each power switch and ending the experiment;
s11: controlling the heating jacket to cool, and discharging corrosive gas and liquid in the kettle body;
s12: opening the kettle cover, and unloading the casing pipe sample;
s13: observing, recording and storing the corrosion and abrasion appearance characteristics of the outer surface of the casing pipe sample;
s14: cleaning the surface of the sleeve sample, weighing and recording;
s15: calculating the abrasion weight loss and the abrasion coefficient of the casing of the target well section;
s16: repeating the steps S2-S15 according to the actual production operation and design scheme of the target open time and the actual drilling operation parameters until a casing wear characteristic curve of the whole well section under the working condition of the target open time operation is obtained;
s17: repeating the steps S2-S16 until the casing wear characteristic curve of each time of the deep well ultra-deep well is obtained;
s18: integrating the wear characteristic curve and the wear coefficient test result of each open-time casing pipe, and combining well history records of deep well ultra-deep well drilling, reaming, tripping and the like to sequentially predict the wear of each layer of casing pipe with the wear risk; according to the engineering design scheme of drilling and completion, sequentially calculating the internal and external pressures and loads borne by each layer of casing, predicting the residual wall thickness of the casing wear, analyzing and judging whether each layer of casing meets the requirements of tensile strength, extrusion resistance and internal pressure resistance of each production operation in the whole life cycle, if so, enabling the layer of casing to meet the requirement of the safety of the strength of the casing in the whole life cycle, and performing construction operation according to the engineering design scheme; if not, optimizing drilling parameters, optimizing a drilling tool assembly and optimizing an engineering design scheme according to the casing wear characteristic curve, and performing experiment and calculation again according to the steps from S1 to S17 until the layer of casing meets the full life cycle casing strength safety requirement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can finely simulate the complex stress state and the complex motion form of the friction pair of the drill rod and the casing in the drilling process of the deep well and the ultra-deep well, and can comprehensively analyze the casing wear mechanism, the influencing factors and the strength safety of the drilling scheme.
2. The invention can simulate and realize the rotating and reciprocating mixed motion state between the drill rod and the casing pipe, and can also realize the single reciprocating friction or single rotating motion state between the drill rod and the casing pipe.
3. The invention can simulate the drilling fluid, solid-phase particles, rock debris and H according to the actual working condition of the shaft 2 S、CO 2 The high-temperature and high-pressure multiphase flow environment of corrosive gas is used for testing the abrasion degree of the casing pipe caused by the comprehensive action of the working conditions of a target well section, and the influence of multiphase flow corrosion working conditions and solid-phase particles on the casing pipe abrasion can be comprehensively evaluated.
4. The method can simulate and test the wear characteristic curve of each layer of casing under the conditions of complex drilling process and parameters, and provides data support for casing wear prediction, safety evaluation and treatment measures of the whole well section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating and reciprocating wear testing device for a casing under complex working conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 2-1 is a side view of the structural connection for achieving the rotary reciprocating motion of the output shaft in the present invention;
FIG. 2-2 is a schematic structural view illustrating the movement of the slide rod to the upper limit position when the rotary reciprocating motion of the output shaft is realized in the present invention;
FIGS. 2-3 are schematic structural views illustrating the movement of the slide rod to the lower limit position when the rotary reciprocating motion of the output shaft is realized in the present invention;
FIG. 3-1 is a side view of the structural coupling for effecting rotational movement of the output shaft in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3-2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention when the slide bar is not rotated to achieve the rotational movement of the output shaft;
3-3 are schematic structural views of the state after the sliding rod rotates 180 degrees when the rotary motion of the output shaft is realized in the invention;
FIG. 4-1 is a side view of the structural connection for achieving output shaft reciprocation in the present invention;
FIG. 4-2 is a schematic structural view illustrating the movement of the slide rod to the upper limit position when the output shaft reciprocates in accordance with the present invention;
4-3 are schematic views of the construction of the present invention in which the slide bar is moved to a lower limit position when the output shaft is reciprocated;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the compact size casing wear specimen installation of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation of a full-scale casing wear specimen in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the supporting plate according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of the invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
It should be noted that the circuit connections involved in the present invention all adopt a conventional circuit connection manner, and no innovation is involved.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a complex working condition casing rotation reciprocating wear testing apparatus, including a high temperature autoclave, a rotating shaft 401, a driving mechanism, a sleeve 403, a supporting plate 702, an output shaft 402, a limiting plate 405, a casing sample 704, and a clamping mechanism; the rotating shaft 401 is vertically arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle; the output end of the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating shaft 401 and is used for driving the rotating shaft 401 to rotate; the sleeve 403 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft 401, an annular guide groove 406 which is obliquely arranged is formed in the side wall of the sleeve 403, and a first key is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the sleeve 403; the support plate 702 is fixed in the high-temperature autoclave and is positioned below the sleeve 403, and the top of the support plate 702 is provided with a key slot matched with the first key; the output shaft 402 is hollow inside and sleeved outside the sleeve 403, the top of the output shaft 402 is provided with at least one vertically arranged slot, a sliding rod 404 is fixed on the side wall of the output shaft 402, and one end of the sliding rod 404 is slidably connected with the annular guide groove 406; the limiting plate 405 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 401 and is positioned above the output shaft 402, and the bottom of the limiting plate 405 is fixedly provided with an inserting rod matched with the slot; the sleeve sample 704 is sleeved on the outer side of the output shaft 402, and the inner wall of the sleeve sample 704 is in contact with the output shaft 402; the clamping mechanism is used to clamp the fixed cannula sample 704.
When the output shaft 402 is used for simulating a drill rod to perform rotary reciprocating abrasion on the inner wall of the casing sample 704 according to experimental requirements, as shown in fig. 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3, a first key is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the sleeve 403 and is inserted into a key groove formed in the top of the support plate 702, so that the sleeve 403 is limited and cannot rotate, meanwhile, the slide rod 404 is slidably connected with the annular guide groove 406, the inserted rod at the bottom of the limiting plate 405 is inserted into a slot formed in the top of the output shaft 402, the limiting plate 405 is driven to synchronously rotate in the process of driving the rotating shaft 401 to rotate by the driving mechanism, the output shaft 402 is driven to rotate by the inserted rod in the process of rotating the limiting plate 405, and the slide rod 404 arranged on the output shaft 402 is slidably clamped in the annular guide groove 406, and the sleeve 403 cannot rotate under the matching of the first key and the key groove, therefore, when the output shaft 402 rotates, the sliding rod 404 is matched with the annular guide groove 406, and reciprocating up and down can be realized, so that the output shaft 402 generates abrasion on the sleeve sample 704 in a rotating and reciprocating motion state.
Example 2
In this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, in order to realize that the output shaft 402 is used to simulate a drill rod to perform independent rotary wear or independent reciprocating up-and-down wear on the inner wall of the casing sample 704 according to experimental requirements, a second key is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the output shaft 402, a key groove matched with the second key is formed in the top of the support plate 702, and the side wall of the top of the sleeve 403 is detachably connected with the rotating shaft 401 through a bolt.
If the casing sample 704 needs to be subjected to rotational wear, as shown in fig. 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3, the top side wall of the sleeve 403 is connected with the side wall of the rotating shaft 401 through a bolt, then the rotating shaft 401 is lifted upwards, so that the second key arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the sleeve 403 is separated from the key slot formed in the top of the supporting plate 702, then the motor 201 is started to drive the rotating shaft 401 to rotate, and the limiting plate 405, the sleeve 403 and the output shaft 402 are driven to synchronously rotate in the rotating process of the rotating shaft 401, so that the output shaft 402 is used for generating wear on the casing sample 704 in a rotating motion state.
If the sleeve sample 704 needs to be subjected to reciprocating up-and-down abrasion, as shown in fig. 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3, the connection state between the sleeve 403 and the output shaft 402 is released, then the output shaft 402 is lowered, the inserted rod at the bottom of the limiting plate 405 is withdrawn from the slot formed at the top of the output shaft 402, the first key arranged on the side wall at the bottom of the output shaft 402 is inserted into the key slot formed at the top of the supporting plate 702, so that the output shaft 402 is limited and cannot rotate and can only slide up and down along the direction of the key slot, then the side wall at the top of the sleeve 403 is connected with the rotating shaft 401 through the bolt, then the motor 201 is started to drive the rotating shaft 401 to rotate, the sleeve is driven to rotate during the rotation of the rotating shaft 401, the annular guide groove 406 is matched with the sliding rod 404 to drive the output shaft 402 to reciprocate up and down, thereby causing wear to the cannula sample 704 by the output shaft 402 in a reciprocating up and down motion.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a specific structure of the autoclave is defined based on embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, the autoclave includes a kettle cover 301 and a kettle body 302, a bottom of the kettle body 302 is fixed to a base 103 disposed below the kettle body 302, a top of the kettle body 302 is detachably connected to the kettle cover 301, the kettle body 302 and the kettle cover 301 are hermetically connected by a sealing ring 305, a gas phase space 308, a liquid phase space 309 and a gas-liquid interface 307 are disposed in the kettle body 302 for realizing a mixture ratio of multiphase flow media in a drilling process, a gas inlet 311 and a liquid inlet 312 are disposed at a bottom of the kettle body 302 for realizing an inlet and an outlet of gas and liquid media required by a well casing in the drilling process, an electromagnetic pressure relief valve 313 is disposed on the kettle body 302 for realizing automatic pressure relief to protect the integrity of a casing rotation reciprocating wear testing device when a temperature and a pressure of the autoclave body exceed a load bearing limit, in order to heat the kettle body 302, a heating jacket 303 is provided on the outer side of the kettle body 302, and an insulating layer 304 is provided on the outer side of the heating jacket 303 for heat insulation.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 5, 6 and 7, the clamping mechanism comprises a plurality of vertically arranged fixing rods 701, the upper ends of the plurality of fixing rods 701 are all fixed with the kettle cover 301, the lower ends of the plurality of fixing rods 701 are fixed with the top of the supporting plate 702, a sample holder 703 is slidably connected to each fixing rod 701, a locking assembly for locking the sliding position of the sample holder 703 is arranged between the sample holder 703 and the fixing rods 701, the outer wall of the casing sample 704 is clamped by the plurality of sample holders 703, since the sample holder 703 can slide on the fixing rods 701, the height of the casing sample 704 can be adjusted by sliding the sample holder 703, after the adjustment, the sample holder 703 is locked on the fixing rods 701 by the locking assembly, specifically, the locking assembly is a locking knob arranged on the sample holder 703, the locking knob is in threaded connection with the sample holder 703, by screwing the lock knob, the sample holder 703 is locked by a frictional force generated by the end portion thereof against the fixing rod 701.
Furthermore, in order to adjust the distance between the output shaft 402 and the casing sample 704 to conveniently simulate the contact stress generated between the drill rod and the casing, a sample loading guide rail 706 is arranged on the upper end surface of the support plate 702, a center block 708 is arranged at the center of the lower end surface of the support plate 702, a sample loading bracket 705 is arranged on the lower portion of the casing sample 704, the sample loading bracket 705 can slide along the sample loading guide rail 706, and a loading slider 707 is connected to the lower portion of the sample loading bracket 705.
Furthermore, in order to stir the liquid-phase medium in the liquid-phase space 309, the lower end of the rotating shaft 401 penetrates the supporting plate 702 and then is connected with the stirring blade 310, and the stirring blade 310 is used to continuously stir the liquid-phase medium in the liquid-phase space 309, thereby simulating the fluid flow and the suspension of solid-phase particles during the drilling process.
Example 4
In the present embodiment, a specific structure of the driving mechanism is defined on the basis of embodiment 3, as shown in fig. 1, the driving mechanism includes a motor 201 and a transmission shaft 208; the motor 201 is fixed on the top of the mounting table 101, the mounting table 101 is arranged above the high-temperature high-pressure autoclave, the bottom of the mounting table 101 is fixed on the top of the base 103 through a support pillar 102, an output shaft of the motor 201 is connected with a primary speed reducer 203 and a secondary speed reducer 204, and an output shaft 205 of the secondary speed reducer 204 is horizontally arranged and fixedly sleeved with a first bevel gear 206; the transmission shaft 208 is vertically arranged, a second bevel gear 207 is fixedly sleeved at the upper end of the transmission shaft 208, the second bevel gear 207 is meshed with the first bevel gear 206, and the upper end of the rotating shaft 401 extends out of the kettle cover 301 and is connected with the lower end of the transmission shaft 208.
When the driving mechanism is used for driving the rotating shaft 401 to rotate, the output shaft of the motor 201 is controlled to rotate, the output shaft of the motor 201 drives the first bevel gear 206 to rotate after being decelerated by the first-stage speed reducer 203 and the second-stage speed reducer 204, and the transmission shaft 208 is synchronously driven to rotate because the first bevel gear 206 is meshed with the second bevel gear 207, and the rotating shaft 401 is driven to rotate by the transmission shaft 208.
Further, the device also comprises a data acquisition system, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a torque rotating speed sensor 501, an in-kettle temperature and pressure sensor 502, a kettle body temperature sensor 503, a heating jacket temperature sensor 504 and dataA display screen 505 and a data transmission interface 506, wherein the torque and rotation speed sensor 501 is arranged between the transmission shaft 208 and the rotating shaft 401 and is connected with the transmission shaft 208 and the rotating shaft 401 for collecting the torque Tor and the rotation speed v of the rotating shaft 401 1 The in-kettle temperature and pressure sensor 502 is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body 302 and is used for collecting the pressure P and the temperature T of fluid medium in the kettle 3 The kettle body temperature sensor 503 is arranged on the kettle wall of the kettle body 302 and is used for collecting the temperature T of the kettle body 302 2 The heating jacket temperature sensor 504 is arranged inside the heating jacket 303 and is used for collecting the temperature T of the heating jacket 303 1 The reciprocating speed v of the output shaft 402 is calculated based on the reciprocating speed and stroke corresponding to the rotational speed of the output shaft 402 2 Cumulative stroke L of rotary motion RO Accumulated stroke L of reciprocating motion Re The data display screen 505 is arranged on the base 103 and used for displaying the acquired data in real time in the test process, the temperature and pressure sensor 502 in the kettle, the temperature sensor 503 in the kettle body and the temperature sensor 504 of the heating jacket are respectively and electrically connected with the data display screen 505, the display screen 505 is provided with a data transmission interface 506, and the data transmission interface 506 is used for leading in input and output parameters of the testing machine in real time and is connected with an external computer control system 507.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a control system, the control system is arranged on the base 103, the control system comprises a test control box 601, a gas control valve 602, a liquid control valve 603, a motor power switch 604, a heating jacket power switch 605, a testing machine main power supply 606 and a booster pump 607, the gas control valve 602 is arranged on a first conveying pipe arranged on a gas inlet 311 and a gas outlet 311 and used for controlling the inlet and the outlet of the gas-phase medium 308 in the kettle body 302, the liquid control valve 603 is arranged on a second conveying pipe arranged on a liquid inlet 312 and a liquid control valve 603 for controlling the inlet and the outlet of the liquid-phase medium 309 in the kettle body 302, the position of the gas-liquid interface 307 can be controlled according to the amount of the gas-phase medium and the liquid-phase medium, the motor power switch 604 is electrically connected with the motor 201 and used for controlling the start and stop of the motor 201, the heating jacket power switch 605 is electrically connected with the heating jacket 303 and used for controlling the operation of the heating jacket 303, the testing machine total power 606 controls the start and stop of all power supply devices, the booster pump 607 is connected with the first conveying pipe, and the booster pump 607 is used for boosting the pressure in the kettle body 302.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the subsequent treatment of the corrosive gas and liquid in the high-temperature autoclave after the experiment is finished, the system further comprises an exhaust gas treatment tank 608 and a waste liquid treatment tank 609, wherein the exhaust gas treatment tank 608 is connected with the first conveying pipe, and the waste liquid treatment tank 609 is connected with the second conveying pipe.
Example 5
The invention discloses an evaluation method based on the high-temperature high-pressure corrosion working condition sleeve rotating reciprocating abrasion testing device, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: analyzing the casing wear condition of each open drilling stage according to the complex geological characteristics of the deep well and the ultra-deep well, the well track, the drilling tool assembly, the drill string and the casing string material specification, and determining the target open times required to carry out the casing wear experiment and prediction;
s2: working condition parameters such as target open-time drilling parameters, drilling fluid used, target formation corrosive gas content, temperature field, pressure field and the like are collected, and a target well section which is seriously worn by the open-time casing or needs to be focused is determined;
s3: analyzing the motion form between the drill rod and the casing according to the working condition parameters of the target well section, simulating the rotary reciprocating motion mode, the rotary speed, the reciprocating speed and the accumulated stroke between the drill rod and the casing of the target well section, calculating the shape of the drill rod and the contact stress between the drill rod and the casing during drilling, and determining the outer diameter R of the output shaft 402 1 And the inner diameter R of the cannula sample 704 2 Considering the inner diameter R of the cannula sample 704 at the time of the experiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 2 Is related to capital cost and experimental site area, if the capital is sufficient and the experimental site area is large, the full-scale wear test shown in fig. 6 is selected, so that if the capital is insufficient and the experimental site area is small, the compact-scale wear test shown in fig. 5 is selected.
S4: processing a compact-size or full-size casing sample 704 and an output shaft 402 according to a target well section casing and a drill rod and according to experimental configuration, sequentially cleaning with acetone and alcohol, and respectively weighing and recording by using a high-precision electronic balance;
s5: matching a central hole of a sleeve sample 704 with a sample loading support 705, integrally placing the sleeve sample on a support plate 702, adjusting 3 sample holders 703 to enable the sleeve sample 704 and the sample loading support 705 to slide in one direction, enabling the sleeve sample 704 to be in contact with an output shaft 402 and achieving the contact stress between a drill rod and a sleeve calculated in the step S3, after loading is finished, enabling the output shaft 402 to penetrate through the inner part of the sleeve sample 704, additionally arranging a stirring blade 310 at the bottom of the output shaft, and integrally fixing the output shaft on a kettle cover 301;
specifically, the operation of bringing the casing sample 704 into contact with the output shaft 402 and achieving the contact stress between the drill rod and the casing calculated in step S3 is to measure the distance between the loading slider 707 and the center block 708 by using a vernier caliper, and the distance is recorded as the loading deflection L of the casing sample 704;
because the casing pipe and the drill pipe are made of alloy steel, the elastic modulus of the casing pipe E1 and the elastic modulus of the drill pipe E2, and the difference between the poisson ratio mu 1 of the casing pipe and the poisson ratio mu 2 of the drill pipe are not considered, namely the elastic modulus E1 and the poisson ratio mu 1 and the poisson ratio mu 2 of the casing pipe and the drill pipe are E2 and mu 2, the maximum contact stress between the casing pipe and the drill pipe is calculated according to the following formula:
the relative displacement of the contact stresses mentioned above is achieved:
wherein:
f is the total pressure acting on the contact surface; l is the contact surface length;
thus, when L equals δ, it indicates that the contact stress generated between the casing sample 704 and the output shaft 402 is equal to the contact stress between the drill pipe and the casing;
s6: assembling components which correspondingly drive the output shaft 402 to realize the rotary reciprocating motion mode according to the simulated rotary reciprocating motion mode between the drill rod and the casing of the target well section;
s7: preparing drilling fluid with corresponding volume or directly using the drilling fluid with rock debris returned from a wellhead, adding the drilling fluid into the kettle body 302 to a gas-liquid interface 307, and sealing the kettle cover 301 and the kettle body 302 through a sealing ring 305 and a bolt 306;
s8: according to the target well section H 2 S、CO 2 The content of corrosive gas is increased by using a booster pump 607, respectively introducing the same amount of corrosive gas into the kettle body 302 through a gas inlet 311, wherein the booster pump 607 is a sulfur-containing booster pump, controlling the heating jacket 303 to increase the temperature in the kettle body 302 to the target well section temperature, and using N 2 Increasing the pressure in the kettle body 302 to the target well section pressure through a booster pump 607;
s9: installing a torque and rotation speed sensor 501 on the transmission shaft 208, starting a test control system, and monitoring the operation of each part of the testing machine and the size of test parameters in real time through a data acquisition system and an external computer control system 507;
s10: when the rotation accumulated stroke and the reciprocating accumulated stroke reach preset conditions of a target well section, closing a motor power switch 604, a heating sleeve power switch 605 and a tester main power 606 in sequence to finish the experiment;
s11: controlling the heating jacket 303 to cool, releasing corrosive gas to a waste gas treatment tank 608 through a gas inlet and outlet 311 when the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure kettle is lower than 50 ℃, and discharging liquid in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle to a waste liquid treatment tank 609 through a liquid inlet and outlet 312;
s12: opening the kettle cover 301 on the premise of ensuring safety, and unloading the sleeve pipe sample 704;
s13: observing, recording and storing the outer surface corrosion and wear morphology characteristics of the casing pipe sample 704 by using a body type microscope, and if the surface of the casing pipe sample 704 has local corrosion or abnormal wear conditions, carrying out deep analysis and observation by using a high-power optical microscope;
s14: cleaning the sleeve sample 704 by using alcohol or acetone when no corrosion product exists on the surface, cleaning the sleeve sample 704 by using a proper film removing liquid when the corrosion product is adhered to the surface, and then weighing and recording;
s15: calculating the abrasion weight loss and the abrasion coefficient of the casing of the target well section;
s16: repeating the steps S2-S15 according to the actual production operation and design scheme of the target starting operation and the actual drilling operation parameters until a casing wear characteristic curve of the whole well section under the working condition of the target starting operation is obtained;
s17: repeating the steps S2-S16 until the casing wear characteristic curve of each time of the deep well ultra-deep well is obtained;
s18: integrating the wear characteristic curve and the wear coefficient test result of each open-time casing pipe, and combining well history records of deep well ultra-deep well drilling, reaming, tripping and the like to sequentially predict the wear of each layer of casing pipe with the wear risk; according to the engineering design scheme of drilling and completion, the internal and external pressures and the load borne by each layer of casing are sequentially calculated, the residual wall thickness of the casing abrasion is predicted, whether each layer of casing meets the requirements of tensile strength, extrusion resistance and internal pressure resistance of each production operation in the whole life cycle is analyzed and judged, if yes, the layer of casing meets the requirement of the safety of the strength of the casing in the whole life cycle, and the construction operation can be carried out according to the engineering design scheme; if not, optimizing drilling parameters, optimizing a drilling tool assembly and optimizing an engineering design scheme according to the casing wear characteristic curve, and performing experiment and calculation again according to the steps from S1 to S17 until the layer of casing meets the full life cycle casing strength safety requirement.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a rotatory reciprocal wear test device of complicated operating mode sleeve pipe, includes high temperature autoclave, its characterized in that still includes:
the rotating shaft (401) is vertically arranged in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle;
the output end of the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating shaft (401) and is used for driving the rotating shaft (401) to rotate;
the sleeve (403) is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft (401), an annular guide groove (406) which is obliquely arranged is formed in the side wall of the sleeve (403), and a first key is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the sleeve (403);
the support plate (702) is fixed in the high-temperature high-pressure kettle and is positioned below the sleeve (403), and the top of the support plate (702) is provided with a key groove matched with the first key;
the output shaft (402) is hollow inside and sleeved outside the sleeve (403), at least one vertically-arranged slot is formed in the top of the output shaft (402), a sliding rod (404) is fixed on the side wall of the output shaft (402), and one end of the sliding rod (404) is in sliding connection with the annular guide groove (406);
the limiting plate (405) is sleeved and fixed on the rotating shaft (401) and is positioned above the output shaft (402), and the bottom of the limiting plate (405) is fixedly provided with an inserting rod matched with the inserting groove;
the sleeve sample (704) is sleeved on the outer side of the output shaft (402), and the inner wall of the sleeve sample (704) is in contact with the output shaft (402);
and the clamping mechanism is used for clamping and fixing the sleeve sample (704).
2. The complex working condition sleeve rotating and reciprocating wear testing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second key is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the output shaft (402), a key groove matched with the second key is formed in the top of the supporting plate (702), and the side wall of the top of the sleeve (403) is detachably connected with the rotating shaft (401).
3. The complex working condition casing pipe rotary reciprocating abrasion testing device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the high-temperature high-pressure kettle comprises a kettle cover (301) and a kettle body (302), the bottom of the kettle body (302) is fixed with a base (103) arranged below the kettle body, the top of the kettle body (302) is detachably connected with the kettle cover (301), the kettle body (302) is hermetically connected with the kettle cover (301) through a sealing ring (305), a gas phase space (308), a liquid phase space (309) and a gas-liquid interface (307) are arranged in the kettle body (302), used for realizing the proportion of multiphase flow media in the drilling process, the bottom of the kettle body (302) is provided with a gas inlet and outlet (311) and a liquid inlet and outlet (312), the gas and liquid medium inlet and outlet device is used for realizing the inlet and outlet of gas and liquid medium required by a well barrel in the well drilling process, a heating sleeve (303) is arranged on the outer side of the kettle body (302), and an insulating layer (304) is arranged on the outer side of the heating sleeve (303).
4. The complex working condition casing pipe rotary reciprocating wear testing device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a plurality of vertically arranged fixing rods (701), the upper ends of the plurality of fixing rods (701) are all fixed with the kettle cover (301), the lower ends of the plurality of fixing rods (701) are fixed with the top of the supporting plate (702), a sample holder (703) is slidably connected onto each fixing rod (701), a locking assembly for locking the sliding position of the sample holder (703) is arranged between the fixing rods (701) and the sample holder (703), and the casing pipe sample (704) is clamped by the plurality of sample holders (703).
5. The complex working condition bushing rotary reciprocating wear testing device is characterized in that a sample loading guide rail (706) is arranged on the upper end face of the supporting plate (702), a center block (708) is arranged at the center of the lower end face of the supporting plate (702), a sample loading bracket (705) is arranged at the lower portion of the bushing sample (704), the sample loading bracket (705) can slide along the sample loading guide rail (706), and a loading sliding block (707) is connected to the lower portion of the sample loading bracket (705).
6. The complex working condition sleeve pipe rotary reciprocating abrasion testing device is characterized in that the lower end of the rotating shaft (401) penetrates through the supporting plate (702) and then is connected with the stirring blade (310).
7. The complex operating condition casing pipe rotary reciprocating wear testing device of claim 6, wherein the driving mechanism comprises:
the mounting table (101) is arranged above the high-temperature high-pressure kettle, the bottom of the mounting table (101) is fixed to the top of the base (103) through a support column (102), an output shaft of the motor (201) is connected with a primary speed reducer (203) and a secondary speed reducer (204), and an output shaft (205) of the secondary speed reducer (204) is horizontally arranged and fixedly sleeved with a first bevel gear (206);
the transmission shaft (208) is vertically arranged, a second bevel gear (207) is fixedly sleeved at the upper end of the transmission shaft (208), the second bevel gear (207) is meshed with the first bevel gear (206), and the upper end of the rotating shaft (401) extends to the outside of the kettle cover (301) and is connected with the lower end of the transmission shaft (208).
8. The complex working condition casing pipe rotating and reciprocating wear testing device as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a data acquisition system, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a torque rotating speed sensor (501), an in-kettle temperature and pressure sensor (502), a kettle body temperature sensor (503), a heating jacket temperature sensor (504), a data display screen (505) and a data transmission interface (506), the torque rotating speed sensor (501) is arranged between the transmission shaft (208) and the rotating shaft (401) and connected with the transmission shaft and the rotating shaft for acquiring the torque Tor and the rotating motion rotating speed v of the rotating shaft (401) 1 The temperature and pressure sensor (502) in the kettle is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body (302) and is used for collecting the pressure P and the temperature T of fluid medium in the kettle 3 The kettle body temperature sensor (503) is arranged on the kettle wall of the kettle body (302) and is used for collecting the temperature T of the kettle body (302) 2 The heating jacket temperature sensor (504) is arranged inside the heating jacket (303) and is used for collecting the temperature T of the heating jacket (303) 1 The data display screen (505) is arranged on the base (103) and used for displaying the acquired data in real time in the test process, a data transmission interface (506) is arranged on the data display screen (505), and the data transmission interface (506) is used for leading in input and output parameters of the testing machine in real time and is connected with an external computer control system (507).
9. The complex working condition casing pipe rotating and reciprocating wear testing device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a control system, wherein the control system is arranged on the base (103), the control system comprises a test control box (601), a gas control valve (602), a liquid control valve (603), a motor power switch (604), a heating jacket power switch (605), a testing machine main power supply (606) and a booster pump (607), the gas control valve (602) is used for controlling the inlet and the outlet of the gas-phase medium (308) in the kettle body (302), the liquid control valve (603) is used for controlling the inlet and the outlet of the liquid-phase medium (309) in the kettle body (302), the position of the gas-liquid interface (307) can be controlled according to the amount of the gas-liquid medium, the motor power switch (604) is used for controlling the starting and stopping of the motor (201), and the heating jacket power switch (605) is used for controlling the operation of the heating jacket (303), the tester main power supply (606) controls the start and stop of all power supply devices, and the booster pump (607) is used for boosting the pressure in the kettle body (302).
10. The evaluation method of the complex working condition casing pipe rotating and reciprocating abrasion testing device based on claim 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: analyzing the casing wear condition of each open drilling stage according to the complex geological characteristics of the deep well and the ultra-deep well, the well track, the drilling tool combination, the drill rod and the casing material specification, and determining the target open times required to carry out the casing wear experiment and prediction;
s2: collecting working condition parameters of the target open-time drilling, wherein the working condition parameters comprise drilling fluid, the content of corrosive gas of a target stratum, a temperature field and a pressure field, and defining a target well section of the target open-time drilling;
s3: analyzing the motion form between the drill rod and the casing according to the working condition parameters of the target well section, simulating the rotary reciprocating motion mode, the rotary rotating speed, the reciprocating speed, the rotary accumulated stroke and the reciprocating accumulated stroke between the drill rod and the casing of the target well section, and calculating the contact stress between the drill rod and the casing during drilling;
s4: processing a casing sample (704) and an output shaft (402) according to a casing and a drill rod of a target well section, cleaning the casing sample and the output shaft, and respectively weighing and recording the casing sample and the output shaft;
s5: matching a central hole of a sleeve sample (704) with a sample loading support (705), integrally placing the sleeve sample on a support plate (702), adjusting a plurality of sample holders (703) to enable the sleeve sample (704) and the sample loading support (705) to slide towards one direction, enabling the sleeve sample (704) to be in contact with an output shaft (402) and achieving the contact stress between a drill rod and a sleeve calculated in the step S3, after loading is finished, enabling the output shaft (402) to penetrate through the sleeve sample (704), additionally installing a stirring blade (310) at the bottom of the output shaft (402), and integrally fixing the stirring blade on a kettle cover (301);
s6: assembling components which correspondingly drive an output shaft (402) to realize a rotary reciprocating motion mode according to the simulated rotary reciprocating motion mode between the drill rod and the casing of the target well section;
s7: preparing drilling fluid with a corresponding volume according to the drilling fluid used by the target well section, adding the drilling fluid into the kettle body (302) to a gas-liquid interface (307), and sealing the kettle cover (301) and the kettle body (302);
s8: according to the content of corrosive gas in the target well section, respectively introducing equivalent corrosive gas into the kettle body (302) through a gas inlet and outlet (311) by using a booster pump (607), controlling the heating sleeve (303) to raise the temperature in the kettle body (302) to the temperature of the target well section, and increasing the pressure in the kettle body (302) to the pressure of the target well section;
s9: the torque and rotation speed sensor (501) is arranged on the transmission shaft (208), the control system is started, and the operation and experiment parameter size of each component of the testing machine are monitored in real time through the data acquisition system and the external computer control system (507);
s10: when the rotation accumulated stroke and the reciprocating accumulated stroke reach preset conditions of a target well section, closing each power switch and ending the experiment;
s11: controlling the heating jacket (303) to cool, and discharging corrosive gas and liquid in the kettle body (302);
s12: opening the kettle cover (301), and unloading the casing pipe sample (704);
s13: observing, recording and storing the outer surface corrosion and abrasion morphological characteristics of the casing sample (704);
s14: cleaning the surface of the sleeve sample (704), then weighing and recording;
s15: calculating the abrasion weight loss and the abrasion coefficient of the casing of the target well section;
s16: repeating the steps S2-S15 according to the actual production operation and design scheme of the target starting operation and the actual drilling operation parameters until a casing wear characteristic curve of the whole well section under the working condition of the target starting operation is obtained;
s17: repeating the steps S2-S16 until the casing wear characteristic curve of each time of the deep well ultra-deep well is obtained;
s18: integrating the wear characteristic curve and the wear coefficient test result of each open-time casing pipe, and combining well history records of deep well ultra-deep well drilling, reaming, tripping and the like to sequentially predict the wear of each layer of casing pipe with the wear risk; according to the engineering design scheme of drilling and completion, the internal and external pressures and the load borne by each layer of casing are sequentially calculated, the residual wall thickness of the casing abrasion is predicted, whether each layer of casing meets the requirements of tensile strength, extrusion resistance and internal pressure resistance of each production operation in the whole life cycle is analyzed and judged, if yes, the layer of casing meets the requirement of the safety of the strength of the casing in the whole life cycle, and the construction operation can be carried out according to the engineering design scheme; if not, optimizing drilling parameters, optimizing a drilling tool assembly and optimizing an engineering design scheme according to the casing wear characteristic curve, and performing experiment and calculation again according to the steps from S1 to S17 until the layer of casing meets the full life cycle casing strength safety requirement.
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