CN113624675B - High-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection method for oil and gas well drilling - Google Patents
High-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection method for oil and gas well drilling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation detection method for high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance of oil and gas well drilling, which relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development and comprises the following steps: firstly, machining a groove on one side of a standard cylindrical rock core to obtain a required rock core, fixing the rock core in a rock core clamping block through a locking piece, and adding a drilling fluid system to be detected into a sealed kettle; step two, starting a heating component to heat the sealed kettle through a controller, and switching on a high-pressure air source to enable the internal pressure of the sealed kettle to reach a pressure design value so as to enable the lower linkage rod to rotate; step three, controlling the pressure of the external pressurizing rod to reach a pressurizing design value, and transmitting the obtained data to a controller by the revolution and torsion sensor; step four: the heating element is closed and the pressurization valve and the drilling fluid discharge valve are opened. The method can comprehensively evaluate the dynamic lubrication performance of drilling fluid on the friction pair of the drill rod and the well wall in the mud cake forming process under the high temperature, high pressure and sealing environment, is simple to operate and is suitable for field use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to a high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection method for oil and gas well drilling.
Background
During the well construction process of an oil-gas well, the friction between a drill string in a well bore and a well wall and the abrasion of a drilling tool are unavoidable, so that a series of complex underground accidents including abrasion and cracking of the drill string, stress corrosion, difficulty in tripping, prolonged drilling period and the like can be caused, the excellent and fast drilling operation is severely restricted, and therefore, the reduction of friction and torque in the drilling process is one of important research fields of the petroleum industry. The method mainly combines engineering and chemical methods to reduce friction resistance on site and mainly comprises the following steps: (1) improving the lubricity of the drilling fluid; (2) optimizing the wellbore trajectory; (3) the well flushing efficiency is improved, and the solid phase control is enhanced; (4) the stability of the well wall is improved; (5) and optimizing the drilling tool assembly. The method can greatly reduce the friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall, reduce the abrasion between the drill rod and the sleeve, reduce the risk of sticking and sticking, and effectively improve the drilling efficiency. At present, although the petroleum industry advances in the drilling drag reduction technology, some problems still exist in the equipment for evaluating the drag reduction effect, especially in the evaluation of the friction between the drill string and the well wall in the event of the loss of well fluid in the drilling process, namely, the friction simulation between the drill string and the well wall in the mud cake forming process is not accurate enough. The conventional EP lubricator, falex lubricator, westport lubricator and the like are designed based on the metal processing industry and are mainly used for evaluating the lubrication film forming property of a liquid medium under the surface contact condition; the other type is an LEM lubrication instrument and an HLT lubrication instrument, which can effectively simulate the dynamic fluid loss process of drilling fluid, however, the LEM lubrication instrument is only limited to the detection of the lubricity of the drilling fluid at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the sand core of the LEM lubrication instrument is easy to be polluted; although the HLT lubrication instrument can simulate the underground high-temperature high-pressure state, the structure is complex, the operation difficulty is high, and the field application limitation is large.
After a large number of indoor tests and research on novel drag reduction and friction resistance evaluation technologies in recent years, the current underground lubrication simulation method has two defects in the application process:
1. the existing simulation method is mostly aimed at the action of a fluid lubricating film between metal pairs, lacks an underground drilling fluid filtration simulation component, is mostly incapable of simulating the friction change process of a drill string and a well wall in the mud cake forming process, and is not suitable for underground dynamic friction description and analysis in the drilling process; although some methods overcome the defect, the operation is complex, and the plugging is completed by adopting multiple slurry supplements, and in the operation, the plugging conditions inevitably change, so that the description and analysis of a leakage layer and a plugging mechanism cannot be accurately performed.
2. The existing simulation method is insufficient in simulation of underground lubrication environment, cannot simulate underground high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and is particularly difficult to operate, low in automation degree, single in mode and the like, and is not beneficial to on-site detection of drilling fluid friction resistance and lubrication mechanism analysis in the drilling process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the simulation detection method for the high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance of the oil-gas well drilling, which can comprehensively evaluate the dynamic lubrication performance of drilling fluid on a drill rod-well wall friction pair in the mud cake forming process under the high-temperature high-pressure and sealed environment, is simple to operate and is suitable for field use.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a simulation detection method of high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance in oil and gas well drilling, which adopts a simulation detection device of high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance in oil and gas well drilling to detect, wherein the simulation detection device of high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance in oil and gas well drilling comprises a sealing kettle, a magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism, a lateral load holding mechanism, a heating part, a high-pressure air source and a controller, one side of the sealing kettle is provided with a pressurizing valve, the bottom of the sealing kettle is provided with a drilling fluid discharge valve and a temperature pressure sensor, the magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism comprises a lower linkage rod, a revolution number and a torsion sensor, the other side of the sealing kettle is provided with a mounting hole, the inner wall of the mounting hole is provided with a sealing piece, the lateral load holding mechanism comprises a clamping assembly, an external pressurizing rod and a pressure sensor, the clamping assembly comprises a core clamping block, a filtrate discharge valve and two locking pieces, one side of the core clamping block is provided with a liquid accumulation cavity, the bottom of the inner side of the liquid accumulation cavity is provided with a filtrate outlet, the core clamping block is far from the bottom of one side of the liquid accumulation cavity, the filtrate outlet is provided with a filtrate outlet, and the filtrate outlet is connected with the filtrate outlet through the core clamping hole;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, machining a groove on one side of a standard cylindrical rock core to obtain a required rock core, closing the pressurizing valve, the drilling fluid discharge valve and the filtrate discharge valve, embedding the rock core in the effusion cavity of the rock core clamping block, respectively installing two locking pieces on the front side and the rear side of the rock core clamping block, fixing the rock core in the rock core clamping block through the locking pieces, installing the rock core clamping block in the sealing kettle through the installation opening, enabling the groove of the rock core to be attached to a lower linkage rod, and adding a drilling fluid system to be detected into the sealing kettle;
step two, the heating component is started to heat the sealing kettle through the controller, and the temperature of the drilling fluid system to be detected in the sealing kettle reaches a temperature design value through the cooperation of the temperature-pressure sensor, the heating component and the controller; the high-pressure air source is connected, the pressurizing valve is opened, the pressure in the sealed kettle reaches a pressure design value, and when the pressure value measured by the temperature and pressure sensor reaches the pressure design value, the controller controls the pressurizing valve to be closed; the controller is used for starting the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism to enable the lower linkage rod to rotate;
setting the external pressurizing rod on one side of the core clamping block far away from the liquid accumulation cavity, setting the pressure sensor between the external pressurizing rod and the core clamping block, controlling the pressure of the external pressurizing rod to reach a pressurizing design value, and opening the filtrate discharge valve to discharge filtrate penetrating through the core from the liquid accumulation cavity along the liquid outlet hole and the filtrate channel through the filtrate outlet in the detection process; the revolution and torsion sensor transmits the obtained data to the controller, and the revolution data and the change trend of friction data along with time in the rotation and mud cake forming process are recorded through a rotation data acquisition and analysis system and a friction data acquisition and analysis system in the controller;
step four: and closing the heating component, opening the pressurizing valve at the upper part of the sealing kettle to release pressure to the ambient pressure when the temperature of the sealing kettle is reduced to the room temperature, and opening the drilling fluid discharge valve at the lower part of the sealing kettle to discharge the residual drilling fluid.
Preferably, in the second step, the temperature design value is 90 ℃, the pressure design value is 3.5MPa, and the rotating speed of the lower linkage rod is 60rpm; in the third step, the pressurization design value is 10kgf, the test time is set to 10min, and the data recording frequency is 2 seconds/time.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism is disassembled, the lateral load applied by the external pressurizing rod is removed, the core is taken out for subsequent mud cake appearance detection, cleaning fluid is injected into the sealing kettle, and the sealing kettle and the core clamping block are cleaned.
Preferably, the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism further comprises a power driving assembly, a sealing column, an upper magnetic ring, a lower magnetic ring, an upper gasket, a lower gasket, an upper linkage rod, an upper bearing and a lower bearing, wherein the sealing column is arranged at the upper part of the sealing kettle, the pressurizing valve is positioned below the sealing column, the upper surface and the lower surface of the sealing column are respectively provided with an upper groove and a lower groove, the outer ring of the upper bearing is fixed at the middle part of the upper groove, the upper linkage rod passes through the top surface of the sealing kettle from outside to inside and is fixedly sleeved in the inner ring of the upper bearing, the upper gasket is fixedly sleeved on the upper linkage rod and is positioned in the upper groove, the upper magnetic ring is sleeved on the outer ring of the upper bearing in a clearance, the upper magnetic ring is adsorbed on the lower surface of the upper gasket, the outer ring of the lower bearing is fixed at the middle part of the lower groove, the lower linkage rod is arranged below the sealing column and is fixedly sleeved in the gasket of the lower bearing, the lower linkage rod is fixedly sleeved on the inner ring of the lower bearing, the lower ring is fixedly sleeved on the upper ring of the lower bearing, and the upper torque sensor is arranged at the top end of the lower ring; in the second step, the controller drives the upper linkage rod to rotate by controlling the power driving assembly, the upper linkage rod drives the upper gasket and the upper magnetic ring to rotate, and the lower magnetic ring can rotate by the magnetic force action between the upper magnetic ring and the lower magnetic ring, so that the lower gasket and the lower linkage rod are driven to rotate.
Preferably, the oil and gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device further comprises a stabilizing ring, wherein the stabilizing ring is fixed in the sealing kettle, the stabilizing ring is positioned between the sealing column and the pressurizing valve, and the lower linkage rod is sleeved in the stabilizing ring in a clearance mode.
Preferably, the sealed kettle comprises a kettle body and a kettle cover, wherein an opening is formed in the upper part of the kettle body, the kettle cover is in threaded connection with the upper part of the kettle body, the sealing column is in threaded connection with the kettle body, the stabilizing ring is fixed in the kettle body, a pressurizing port is formed in the upper part of one side of the kettle body, a pressurizing valve is arranged on the pressurizing port, a mounting port is formed in the other side of the kettle body, a liquid outlet and a warm-pressing sensor are arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, and a drilling fluid discharging valve is arranged on the liquid outlet; in the fourth step, the kettle cover is detached first and then the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism is detached.
Preferably, the power driving assembly comprises a motor, a belt and two belt pulleys, the two belt pulleys are respectively arranged on an output shaft of the motor and the upper part of the upper linkage rod, the belt is wound on the two belt pulleys, the motor is connected with the controller, and in the second step, the controller controls the motor to be started and drives the upper linkage rod to rotate through the belt and the belt pulleys.
Preferably, a first protrusion is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the upper gasket, and a first groove matched with the first protrusion structure is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the upper magnetic ring; the middle part of the upper surface of the lower gasket is provided with a second bulge, and the middle part of the lower surface of the lower magnetic ring is provided with a second groove matched with the second bulge.
Preferably, in the first step, the locking member is a fastening bolt, the two fastening bolts are respectively screwed on the front side and the rear side of the core clamping block, the fastening bolt is screwed to tightly prop against the core, and arc-shaped grooves matched with the core structure are formed on two sides of the inner wall of the hydrops cavity.
Preferably, in the second step, a high-pressure valve is arranged on the high-pressure air source, and the output pressure of the high-pressure air source is adjusted by manually controlling the high-pressure valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a simulation detection method for high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance of oil and gas well drilling, which adopts a simulation detection device for high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance of oil and gas well drilling to detect, the device comprises a sealing kettle, a magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism, a side load pressing mechanism, a heating part, a high-pressure air source and a controller, the magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism is adopted to enable a lower linkage rod to rotate, and temperature and pressure regulation is implemented by combining a temperature and pressure control assembly, so that the sealing requirement of the sealing kettle can be met, the control of high-temperature high-pressure environment can be realized, and the downhole rotating motion of a drill rod can be effectively simulated. The side load pressing mechanism is adopted to effectively simulate the extrusion of the drill rod to the well wall, wherein the rock core can be prepared according to lithology parameters, and the application range of equipment is enlarged. The friction-time relation of the drilling fluid can be established through the rotation number and the data acquired by the torsion sensor, the dynamic lubrication performance of the drilling fluid on the drill rod-well wall friction pair in the mud cake forming process is comprehensively evaluated, and a scientific basis is provided for high-performance drilling fluid screening. Meanwhile, the simulation detection method is simple to operate and suitable for field use.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation detection device for oil and gas well drilling high temperature and high pressure dynamic friction resistance, which is used in the simulation detection method for oil and gas well drilling high temperature and high pressure dynamic friction resistance;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seal pot and a magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism in the oil and gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a clamping assembly in the simulation detection device for high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction resistance in oil and gas well drilling provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a clamping assembly in the simulation detection device for high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction resistance in oil and gas well drilling provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of dynamic friction change of weak gel drilling fluid without side load at 90 ℃/3.5MPa for a high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device for oil and gas well drilling provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing dynamic friction change of weak gel drilling fluid under the condition of side load of 90 ℃/3.5MPa by adopting the high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device for oil and gas well drilling provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of dynamic friction change of weak gel drilling fluid without side load at room temperature and pressure for an oil and gas well drilling high temperature and high pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device provided by the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing dynamic friction change of weak gel drilling fluid under room temperature and pressure when side load is applied to the device for simulating and detecting high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction of oil and gas well drilling.
Reference numerals illustrate: 100. the high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device for drilling of the oil-gas well; 1. a high pressure air source; 2. a controller; 3. sealing the kettle; 301. a kettle body; 302. a kettle cover; 4. a pressurizing port; 5. a pressurization valve; 6. a liquid outlet; 7. a drilling fluid discharge valve; 8. a temperature and pressure sensor; 9. an upper linkage rod; 10. a sealing column; 11. a lower linkage rod; 12. revolution and torsion sensors; 13. a motor; 14. a belt; 15. a mounting port; 16. core; 17. a core clamping block; 18. an external pressurizing rod; 19. a pressure sensor; 20. a heating member; 21. an upper bearing; 22. a gasket is arranged on the upper part; 23. a magnetic ring is arranged; 24. a lower bearing; 25. a lower gasket; 26. a lower magnetic ring; 27. a stabilizing ring; 28. a seal; 29. a effusion chamber; 30. a liquid outlet hole; 31. a filtrate channel; 32. a filtrate outlet; 33. a filtrate discharge valve; 34. a locking piece.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection method for oil and gas well drilling, which can comprehensively evaluate the dynamic lubrication performance of drilling fluid on a drill rod-well wall friction pair in the mud cake forming process under high temperature, high pressure and sealing environments, is simple to operate and is suitable for field use.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-4, this embodiment provides a method for simulating and detecting high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction in drilling of an oil and gas well, which adopts a device 100 for simulating and detecting high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction in drilling of an oil and gas well, the device 100 comprises a sealed kettle 3, a magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism, a side load holding mechanism, a heating component 20, a high-pressure air source 1 and a controller 2, one side of the sealed kettle 3 is provided with a pressurizing valve 5, the bottom of the sealed kettle 3 is provided with a drilling fluid discharge valve 7 and a temperature and pressure sensor 8, the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism comprises a lower linkage rod 11 and a revolution and torsion sensor 12, the other side of the sealed kettle 3 is provided with a mounting port 15, a sealing piece 28 is arranged on the inner wall of the mounting port 15, the sealing piece 28 in this embodiment is an O-shaped sealing ring, the side load holding mechanism comprises a clamping assembly, an external pressurizing rod 18 and a pressure sensor 19, the clamping assembly comprises a core clamping block 17, a filtrate discharge valve 33 and two locking pieces 34, one side of the clamping block 17 is provided with a liquid accumulation cavity 29, the bottom of the liquid accumulation cavity 29 is provided with a core block 17, the bottom of the core 17 is provided with a filtrate outlet 32, the filtrate outlet 32 is provided with a filtrate outlet 32, and the filtrate outlet 32 is connected with the filtrate outlet port 31; the heating component 20, the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism, the pressurizing valve 5, the drilling fluid discharge valve 7, the filtrate discharge valve 33, the temperature and pressure sensor 8 and the pressure sensor 19 are all connected with the controller 2, and the temperature and pressure changes in the sealed kettle 3 are collected by the temperature and pressure sensor 8 and transmitted to the controller 2.
The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, machining a groove on one side of a standard cylindrical rock core to obtain a required rock core 16, closing a pressurizing valve 5, a drilling fluid discharge valve 7 and a filtrate discharge valve 33, embedding the rock core 16 in a liquid accumulation cavity 29 of a rock core clamping block 17, respectively installing two locking pieces 34 on the front side and the rear side of the rock core clamping block 17, fixing the rock core 16 in the rock core clamping block 17 through the locking pieces 34, installing the rock core clamping block 17 in a sealing kettle 3 through an installation opening 15, enabling the groove of the rock core 16 to be attached to a lower linkage rod 11, and adding a drilling fluid system to be detected into the sealing kettle 3; specifically, the core clamping block 17 is connected with the sealing kettle 3 in a dynamic sealing mode, the installation opening 15 is a sliding channel of a load and inner wall simulation device, sealing is performed through the sealing piece 28, the clamped core 16 is abutted against the lower linkage rod 11 by lateral pressurization, and the rotation friction process of a downhole drill rod and a well wall is simulated.
Step two, starting a heating component 20 through a controller 2 to heat the sealed kettle 3, and enabling the temperature of the drilling fluid system to be detected in the sealed kettle 3 to reach a temperature design value through the cooperation of a temperature and pressure sensor 8, the heating component 20 and the controller 2; the high-pressure air source 1 is connected, the pressurizing valve 5 is opened, the pressure in the sealed kettle 3 reaches a pressure design value, and when the pressure value measured by the temperature and pressure sensor 8 reaches the pressure design value, the controller 2 controls the pressurizing valve 5 to be closed; the lower link lever 11 is rotated by opening the magnetic seal link rotation mechanism by the controller 2.
Arranging an external pressurizing rod 18 on one side of the core clamping block 17 far away from the hydrops cavity 29, arranging a pressure sensor 19 between the external pressurizing rod 18 and the core clamping block 17, specifically, connecting the external pressurizing rod 18 with the pressure sensor 19, vertically applying pressure to the core clamping block 17 to meet the load requirement, controlling the pressure of the external pressurizing rod 18 to reach a pressurizing design value, transmitting the load to enable the core 16 to be pressed on the rotating lower linkage rod 11, gradually forming a mud cake on the surface of the core 16, opening a filtrate discharge valve 33, and discharging filtrate penetrating the core 16 from a filtrate outlet 32 along a liquid outlet 30 and a filtrate channel 31 through the hydrops cavity 29 in the detection process; the revolution and torsion sensor 12 transmits the obtained data to the controller 2, and the revolution data and the time-dependent change trend of the friction data in the rotation and mud cake forming process are recorded through a rotation data acquisition and analysis system and a friction data acquisition and analysis system in the controller 2, so that the dynamic friction force change of the drill rod with the well wall under the condition of simulating the underground high temperature and high pressure is obtained.
And step four, closing the heating component 20, opening the pressurizing valve 5 at the upper part of the sealing kettle 3 to release pressure to the ambient pressure when the temperature of the sealing kettle 3 is reduced to the room temperature, and opening the drilling fluid discharge valve 7 at the lower part of the sealing kettle 3 to empty the residual drilling fluid.
Specifically, in the second step, the temperature design value is 90 ℃, the pressure design value is 3.5MPa, and the rotating speed of the lower linkage rod 11 is 60rpm; in the third step, the pressurization design value was 10kgf, the test time was set to 10min, and the data recording frequency was 2 seconds/time.
Specifically, in the fourth step, the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism is disassembled, the lateral load applied by the external pressurizing rod 18 is removed, the core 16 is taken out for subsequent mud cake appearance detection, cleaning fluid is injected into the sealing kettle 3, and the sealing kettle 3 and the core clamping block 17 are cleaned.
As shown in fig. 2, the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism further comprises a power driving component, a sealing column 10, an upper magnetic ring 23, a lower magnetic ring 26, an upper gasket 22, a lower gasket 25, an upper linkage rod 9, an upper bearing 21 and a lower bearing 24, wherein the sealing column 10 is arranged at the upper part in the sealing kettle 3, the pressurizing valve 5 is arranged below the sealing column 10, an upper groove and a lower groove are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sealing column 10, the outer ring of the upper bearing 21 is fixed at the middle part of the upper groove, the upper linkage rod 9 penetrates through the top surface of the sealing kettle 3 from outside to inside and is fixedly sleeved in the inner ring of the upper bearing 21, the upper gasket 22 is fixedly sleeved on the upper linkage rod 9 and is positioned in the upper groove, the upper magnetic ring 23 is sleeved on the outer ring of the upper bearing 21 in a clearance way, the upper magnetic ring 23 is adsorbed on the lower surface of the upper gasket 22, the outer ring of the lower bearing 24 is fixed in the middle of the lower groove, the lower linkage rod 11 is arranged below the sealing post 10 and fixedly sleeved in the inner ring of the lower bearing 24, the lower gasket 25 is fixedly sleeved on the lower linkage rod 11 and positioned in the lower groove, the lower magnetic ring 26 is sleeved on the outer ring of the lower bearing 24 in a clearance way, the lower magnetic ring 26 is adsorbed on the upper surface of the lower gasket 25, the upper magnetic ring 23 and the lower magnetic ring 26 are isolated through the sealing post 10, and the revolution and the torsion sensor 12 are arranged at the top end of the upper linkage rod 9; in the second step, the controller 2 drives the upper linkage rod 9 to rotate by controlling the power driving assembly, the upper linkage rod 9 drives the upper gasket 22 and the upper magnetic ring 23 to rotate, the lower magnetic ring 26 can rotate by the magnetic force action between the upper magnetic ring 23 and the lower magnetic ring 26, and then the lower gasket 25 and the lower linkage rod 11 are driven to rotate, and the lower linkage rod 11 can effectively simulate the downhole rotation of the drill rod. In order to reduce the rotation resistance of the upper linkage rod 9 and the lower linkage rod 11, gaps are reserved between the upper gasket 22 and the lower gasket 25 and the sealing column 10, so that the sealing of the cavity of the sealing kettle 3 can be realized, and the shearing simulation effect of the fluid in the cavity can be also realized.
Specifically, a first protrusion is disposed in the middle of the lower surface of the upper gasket 22, and a first groove matched with the first protrusion structure is disposed in the middle of the upper surface of the upper magnetic ring 23, so that the upper magnetic ring 23 is firmly nested and adsorbed on the upper gasket 22; the middle part of the upper surface of the lower gasket 25 is provided with a second bulge, and the middle part of the lower surface of the lower magnetic ring 26 is provided with a second groove matched with the second bulge, so that the lower magnetic ring 26 is firmly nested and adsorbed on the lower gasket 25.
Specifically, the controller 2 is provided with a rotation control system, a rotation data acquisition and analysis system, a friction data acquisition and analysis system and a temperature and pressure control data acquisition system, wherein the rotation control system is used for controlling the power driving assembly, the rotation data acquisition and analysis system is used for acquiring and analyzing the rotation number data transmitted by the rotation number and torsion sensor 12, the friction data acquisition and analysis system is used for acquiring and analyzing the torsion data transmitted by the rotation number and torsion sensor 12, and the temperature and pressure control data acquisition system is used for acquiring and analyzing the temperature and pressure data transmitted by the temperature and pressure sensor 8. The controller 2 is connected with a computer, and data is collected through a computer serial port and displayed and stored in real time, so that the real-time analysis is convenient, the data point collection frequency is 2-10 seconds/time, and the data point collection frequency can be adjusted according to requirements.
The oil and gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device 100 in the embodiment further comprises a stabilizing ring 27, wherein the stabilizing ring 27 is fixed in the sealing kettle 3, the stabilizing ring 27 is positioned between the sealing column 10 and the pressurizing valve 5, the lower linkage rod 11 is sleeved in the stabilizing ring 27 in a clearance mode, and further the centering stability of the lower linkage rod 11 in friction detection is ensured, and meanwhile, pressure holding damage caused by lateral pressure is prevented.
The sealed kettle 3 comprises a kettle body 301 and a kettle cover 302, an opening is arranged at the upper part of the kettle body 301, the kettle cover 302 is in threaded connection with the upper part of the kettle body 301, a sealing column 10 is in threaded connection with the kettle body 301, a stabilizing ring 27 is fixed in the kettle body 301, a pressurizing port 4 is arranged at the upper part of one side of the kettle body 301, the pressurizing port 4 is connected with a high-pressure air source 1, a pressurizing valve 5 is arranged on the pressurizing port 4, a mounting port 15 is arranged at the other side of the kettle body 301, a liquid outlet 6 and a temperature and pressure sensor 8 are arranged at the bottom of the kettle body 301, a drilling fluid discharge valve 7 is arranged on the liquid outlet 6, the drilling fluid discharge valve 7 is used for discharging detection liquid in the cavity of the sealed kettle 3, and the drilling fluid discharge valve 7 is a blow-down valve; in step four, the kettle cover 302 is detached first and then the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism is detached.
Specifically, the heating member 20 is fixed to the outside of the sealed kettle 3, and the heating member 20 in this embodiment is a heating coil, which is fixed to the outside of the lower end of the kettle body 301.
Specifically, the power driving assembly comprises a motor 13, a belt 14 and two belt pulleys, the two belt pulleys are respectively arranged on an output shaft of the motor 13 and the upper part of the upper linkage rod 9, the belt 14 is wound on the two belt pulleys, the motor 13 is connected with the controller 2, and in the second step, the controller 2 controls the motor 13 to be started and drives the upper linkage rod 9 to rotate through the belt 14 and the belt pulleys. The motor 13 in this embodiment is a servo motor.
Specifically, in the first step, the locking member 34 is a fastening bolt, and the two fastening bolts are respectively screwed on the front side and the rear side of the core clamping block 17, and the fastening bolts are screwed to tightly press against the core 16. The core 16 in this embodiment is an arc-shaped block with a groove at one side, and two sides of the inner wall of the effusion cavity 29 form arc-shaped grooves matched with the arc-shaped block-shaped core 16 in structure, so that the core 16 is firmly installed. In order to meet the simulation requirements of different well walls, an artificial rock core can be utilized, the standard cylindrical rock core has the dimensions of diameter multiplied by length=2.5 cm multiplied by 5.0cm, and a grinding wheel with the diameter of 3.0cm is utilized to cut on the standard cylindrical rock core to form a groove, so that the rock core 16 required in the embodiment is obtained, and the groove is completely attached to the lower linkage rod 11.
Specifically, in the second step, the high-pressure air source 1 is provided with a high-pressure valve, and the output pressure of the high-pressure air source 1 is adjusted by manually controlling the high-pressure valve. The high pressure gas source 1 in this embodiment is a high pressure nitrogen source.
In this embodiment, the drilling fluid system to be detected is a weak gel drilling fluid system commonly used in drilling construction of a marine oil and gas well, and the basic formula is as follows: seawater +0.8wt.% PF-VIS +0.2wt.% NaOH +0.2wt.% Na 2 CO 3 +15wt.% KCl+3wt.% JLX-C+2wt.% FLOCAT (density 1.15 g/cm) 3 ) Selecting a rock core 16 prepared from 40-60 mesh sand, and detecting the dynamic friction change rule of the system at 90 ℃/3.5 MPa.
The indoor preparation steps of the embodiment comprise:
(1) Closing a pressurizing valve 5 and a drilling fluid discharge valve 7 on the sealing kettle 3 and a filtrate discharge valve 33 on the core clamping block 17, pouring a certain amount of weak gel drilling fluid into the kettle body 301, and installing a magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism;
(2) Turning on a power supply of the device, and turning on the heating component 20 to enable the temperature in the kettle body 301 to reach 90 ℃;
(3) Opening the high-pressure air source 1 and the pressurizing valve 5, and closing the pressurizing valve 5 by the controller 2 after the pressure in the kettle body 301 reaches 3.5 MPa;
(4) The method comprises the steps of (1) starting a power driving assembly without adding side load, adjusting the mechanical revolution to 60rpm, and starting data acquisition software, wherein the data acquisition software comprises a rotation data acquisition and analysis system and a friction data acquisition and analysis system, and continuously detecting the friction data without side load for 10 minutes;
(6) Turning off the power supply, turning on the device, replacing the core 16, and repeating the steps (1), (2) and (3);
(7) Applying 10kgf laterally, turning on a power supply of the device, turning on a power driving assembly, adjusting the mechanical revolution to 60rpm, turning on data acquisition software, and continuously detecting friction data when the lateral load is applied for 10 min;
(8) Turning off the power supply, turning on the device, taking out the core 16, cleaning the equipment with clear water, and plotting analysis data.
The real-time change curves of the friction of the weak gel drilling fluid without side load and with side load obtained in the embodiment are shown in fig. 5 and 6 respectively.
The oil and gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device 100 in the embodiment can be used for carrying out a detection test under a greenhouse pressure to be used as a comparison of the detection test under the high-temperature high-pressure, specifically, the drilling fluid system to be detected is a weak gel drilling fluid system commonly used for marine oil and gas well drilling construction, and the basic formula is as follows: seawater +0.8wt.% PF-VIS +0.2wt.% NaOH +0.2wt.% Na 2 CO 3 +15wt.% KCl+3wt.% JLX-C+2wt.% FLOCAT (density 1.15 g/cm) 3 ) Selecting a rock core 16 prepared from 40-60 mesh sand, and detecting the dynamic friction change rule of a weak gel drilling liquid system at room temperature and room pressure.
The steps of the detection test under the greenhouse pressure comprise:
(1) Closing a pressurizing valve 5 and a drilling fluid discharge valve 7 on the sealing kettle 3 and a filtrate discharge valve 33 on the core clamping block 17, pouring a certain amount of weak gel drilling fluid into the kettle body 301, and installing a magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism;
(2) The method comprises the steps of (1) adding no side load, turning on a power supply of the device, turning on a power driving assembly, adjusting the mechanical revolution to 60rpm, turning on data acquisition software, and continuously detecting no side load friction data for 10 min;
(3) Turning off a power supply, turning on a device, replacing the core 16, and repeating the step (1);
(4) Applying 10kgf laterally, turning on a power supply of the device, turning on a power driving assembly, adjusting the mechanical revolution to 60rpm, turning on data acquisition software, and continuously detecting friction data when the lateral load is applied for 10 min;
(5) Turning off the power supply, turning on the device, taking out the core 16, cleaning the equipment with clear water, and plotting analysis data.
The real-time change curves of the friction of the weak gel drilling fluid under the conditions of no side load and side load in the room temperature chamber obtained in the test are respectively shown in fig. 7 and 8.
The oil and gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection method in the embodiment adopts the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism to transmit the rotating action of the output power driving component to the lower linkage rod 11, and combines the temperature and pressure control component to implement temperature and pressure regulation, so that the sealing requirement of the sealing kettle 3 can be met, the high-temperature high-pressure environment control can be realized, the high-temperature (-120 ℃) and high-pressure (-10 MPa) shaft environment can be simulated, and the downhole rotating movement of a drill rod can be effectively simulated. The side load pressing mechanism can effectively simulate the extrusion of the drill rod to the well wall, wherein the core 16 can be prepared according to lithology parameters, the application range of equipment is expanded, namely, the side load pressing mechanism fixed with the core 16 can simulate the stratum and the well wall. The friction-time relation of the drilling fluid can be established by collecting data through the revolution and the torsion sensor 12, the friction behavior between the drill rod and the well wall in the drilling process under the conditions of dynamic fluid loss of the drilling fluid and formation of mud cakes is detected, the dynamic relation between the friction parameter change of the drill rod and the well wall and formation of the mud cakes is established, the dynamic lubrication performance of the drilling fluid on the drill rod-well wall friction pair in the formation of the mud cakes is comprehensively evaluated, and further the lubrication performance of the drilling fluid in the drilling operation is comprehensively evaluated, so that scientific basis is provided for screening the drilling fluid with high performance. Meanwhile, the analog detection device in the embodiment is small in size, portable, simple to operate and suitable for field use.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in this specification with reference to specific examples, the description of which is only for the purpose of aiding in understanding the method of the present invention and its core ideas; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In summary, the present description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The oil-gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection method is characterized by adopting an oil-gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device to detect, wherein the oil-gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection device comprises a sealing kettle, a magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism, a side load pressing mechanism, a heating part, a high-pressure air source and a controller, one side of the sealing kettle is provided with a pressurizing valve, the bottom of the sealing kettle is provided with a drilling fluid discharge valve and a temperature pressure sensor, the magnetic sealing linkage rotating mechanism comprises a lower linkage rod, a revolution and torsion sensor, a power driving assembly, a sealing column, an upper magnetic ring, a lower magnetic ring, an upper gasket, an upper linkage rod, an upper bearing and a lower bearing, the sealing column is arranged at the upper part of the sealing kettle, the pressurizing valve is positioned below the sealing column, the upper surface and the lower surface of the sealing post are respectively provided with an upper groove and a lower groove, the outer ring of the upper bearing is fixed in the middle of the upper groove, the upper linkage rod passes through the top surface of the sealing kettle from outside to inside and is fixedly sleeved in the inner ring of the upper bearing, the upper gasket is fixedly sleeved on the upper linkage rod and is positioned in the upper groove, the upper magnetic ring is sleeved on the outer ring of the upper bearing in a clearance manner, the upper magnetic ring is adsorbed on the lower surface of the upper gasket, the outer ring of the lower bearing is fixed in the middle of the lower groove, the lower linkage rod is arranged below the sealing post and is fixedly sleeved in the inner ring of the lower bearing, the lower gasket is fixedly sleeved on the lower linkage rod and is positioned in the lower groove, the lower magnetic ring is sleeved on the outer ring of the lower bearing in a clearance manner, the lower magnetic ring is adsorbed on the upper surface of the lower gasket, the revolution and torsion sensor is arranged at the top end of the upper linkage rod;
the side load pressing mechanism comprises a clamping assembly, an external pressurizing rod and a pressure sensor, wherein the clamping assembly comprises a core clamping block, a filtrate discharging valve and two locking pieces, a liquid accumulation cavity is formed in one side of the core clamping block, a liquid outlet is formed in the bottom of the inner side of the liquid accumulation cavity, a filtrate outlet is formed in the bottom, far away from one side of the liquid accumulation cavity, of the core clamping block, the filtrate discharging valve is arranged on the filtrate outlet, and the liquid outlet is connected with the filtrate outlet through a filtrate channel formed in the core clamping block;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, machining a groove on one side of a standard cylindrical rock core to obtain a required rock core, closing the pressurizing valve, the drilling fluid discharge valve and the filtrate discharge valve, embedding the rock core in the effusion cavity of the rock core clamping block, respectively installing two locking pieces on the front side and the rear side of the rock core clamping block, fixing the rock core in the rock core clamping block through the locking pieces, installing the rock core clamping block in the sealing kettle through the installation opening, enabling the groove of the rock core to be attached to a lower linkage rod, and adding a drilling fluid system to be detected into the sealing kettle;
step two, the heating component is started to heat the sealing kettle through the controller, and the temperature of the drilling fluid system to be detected in the sealing kettle reaches a temperature design value through the cooperation of the temperature-pressure sensor, the heating component and the controller; the high-pressure air source is connected, the pressurizing valve is opened, the pressure in the sealed kettle reaches a pressure design value, and when the pressure value measured by the temperature and pressure sensor reaches the pressure design value, the controller controls the pressurizing valve to be closed; the controller drives the upper linkage rod to rotate by controlling the power driving assembly, the upper linkage rod drives the upper gasket and the upper magnetic ring to rotate, and the lower magnetic ring can be driven to rotate by the magnetic force between the upper magnetic ring and the lower magnetic ring, so that the lower gasket and the lower linkage rod are driven to rotate;
setting the external pressurizing rod on one side of the core clamping block far away from the liquid accumulation cavity, setting the pressure sensor between the external pressurizing rod and the core clamping block, controlling the pressure of the external pressurizing rod to reach a pressurizing design value, and opening the filtrate discharge valve to discharge filtrate penetrating through the core from the liquid accumulation cavity along the liquid outlet hole and the filtrate channel through the filtrate outlet in the detection process; the revolution and torsion sensor transmits the obtained data to the controller, and the revolution data and the change trend of friction data along with time in the rotation and mud cake forming process are recorded through a rotation data acquisition and analysis system and a friction data acquisition and analysis system in the controller;
step four: and closing the heating component, opening the pressurizing valve at the upper part of the sealing kettle to release pressure to the ambient pressure when the temperature of the sealing kettle is reduced to the room temperature, and opening the drilling fluid discharge valve at the lower part of the sealing kettle to discharge the residual drilling fluid.
2. The simulation detection method of high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction resistance for drilling an oil and gas well according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the temperature design value is 90 ℃, the pressure design value is 3.5MPa, and the rotating speed of the lower linkage rod is 60rpm; in the third step, the pressurization design value is 10kgf, the test time is set to 10min, and the data recording frequency is 2 seconds/time.
3. The method for simulating high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction resistance detection of oil and gas well drilling according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism is disassembled, the lateral load applied by the external pressurizing rod is removed, the core is taken out for subsequent mud cake appearance detection, cleaning liquid is injected into the sealing kettle, and the sealing kettle and the core clamping block are cleaned.
4. The simulated detection method of the high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction resistance for drilling an oil and gas well according to claim 3, wherein the simulated detection device of the high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction resistance for drilling an oil and gas well further comprises a stabilizing ring, the stabilizing ring is fixed in the sealing kettle, the stabilizing ring is positioned between the sealing column and the pressurizing valve, and the lower linkage rod is sleeved in the stabilizing ring in a clearance mode.
5. The oil and gas well drilling high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction simulation detection method according to claim 4, wherein the sealing kettle comprises a kettle body and a kettle cover, an opening is formed in the upper portion of the kettle body, the kettle cover is in threaded connection with the upper portion of the kettle body, the sealing column is in threaded connection with the kettle body, the stabilizing ring is fixed in the kettle body, a pressurizing opening is formed in the upper portion of one side of the kettle body, the pressurizing valve is arranged on the pressurizing opening, the mounting opening is formed in the other side of the kettle body, a liquid outlet and the temperature and pressure sensor are arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, and the drilling fluid discharging valve is arranged on the liquid outlet; in the fourth step, the kettle cover is detached first and then the magnetic seal linkage rotating mechanism is detached.
6. The simulation detection method for high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance of oil and gas well drilling according to claim 1, wherein the power driving assembly comprises a motor, a belt and two belt pulleys, the two belt pulleys are respectively arranged on an output shaft of the motor and the upper part of the upper linkage rod, the belt is wound on the two belt pulleys, the motor is connected with the controller, and in the second step, the controller controls the motor to be started and drives the upper linkage rod to rotate through the belt and the belt pulleys.
7. The simulation detection method for the high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance of the oil and gas well drilling according to claim 1, wherein a first bulge is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the upper gasket, and a first groove matched with the first bulge structure is arranged in the middle of the upper surface of the upper magnetic ring; the middle part of the upper surface of the lower gasket is provided with a second bulge, and the middle part of the lower surface of the lower magnetic ring is provided with a second groove matched with the second bulge.
8. The method for simulating high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic friction resistance detection for oil and gas well drilling according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the locking pieces are fastening bolts, the two fastening bolts are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the core clamping block in a threaded manner, the fastening bolts are screwed to be tightly pressed against the core, and arc-shaped grooves matched with the core structure are formed on two sides of the inner wall of the liquid accumulation cavity.
9. The simulation detection method for high-temperature high-pressure dynamic friction resistance of oil and gas well drilling according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, a high-pressure valve is arranged on the high-pressure gas source, and the output pressure of the high-pressure gas source is adjusted by manually controlling the high-pressure valve.
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