CN115096487B - Pressure measuring device and method for soil - Google Patents
Pressure measuring device and method for soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115096487B CN115096487B CN202210691330.4A CN202210691330A CN115096487B CN 115096487 B CN115096487 B CN 115096487B CN 202210691330 A CN202210691330 A CN 202210691330A CN 115096487 B CN115096487 B CN 115096487B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/14—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measurement of pressure
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the pressure of soil, comprising a container, a hydraulic sensor, a sensing device, a protective shell and a signal acquisition and transmission system for acquiring the pressure signal of the hydraulic sensor; the two ends of the container are opened, a cavity is formed in the container, the hydraulic sensor and the sensing device are respectively arranged at the two opening ends of the cavity of the container, and the middle of the cavity is filled with liquid; the end of the hydraulic sensor is an inner measuring end, and the end of the sensing device is an outer sensing end; the hydraulic sensor is sealed in a sealed space by the protective shell, the inner measuring end is arranged in the protective shell, and the outer sensing end extends out of the protective shell; the method does not need to calculate the force through the deformation, can directly measure the force, and has high pressure measurement precision of the soil; the diaphragm or piston structure is adopted, so that the soil pressure can be measured; by adopting the structures of the diaphragm, the lantern ring and the filter screen, the pore pressure in the soil can be measured more accurately.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pressure detection, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the pressure of soil.
Background
At present, the problems of characteristic parameters of soil can be related in the engineering construction and scientific research process, such as: parameters such as soil pressure, soil pore pressure, groundwater level and groundwater pressure are mainly obtained by adopting a deformation amount calculating force mode in the prior art, but the conditions that the use working conditions are inconsistent with the calibration conditions are usually accompanied, for example, when a soil layer is pressed, the soil layer is continuously deformed, the modulus of the soil is always in change, at the moment, errors can be generated by adopting the deformation amount to calculate the soil pressure, and the soil pressure cannot be accurately measured. In addition, existing soil pressure sensors can directly measure the pressure of the soil, but cannot measure the pore pressure. At present, no device capable of accurately measuring the pressure characteristic parameters of the soil in various states in real time exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the pressure of soil, which can measure the pressure characteristic parameter of the soil without deformation and transformation, and the measured value is not influenced by the deformation modulus of the soil, so that the measuring precision is high.
The pressure measuring device for the soil comprises a container, a hydraulic sensor, an induction device, a protective shell and a signal acquisition and transmission system for acquiring pressure signals of the hydraulic sensor, wherein the hydraulic sensor is electrically connected with the signal acquisition and transmission system;
the two ends of the container are opened, a cavity is formed in the container, the hydraulic sensor and the sensing device are respectively arranged at the two opening ends of the cavity of the container, and the middle of the cavity is filled with liquid; the end of the hydraulic sensor is an inner measuring end, and the end of the sensing device is an outer sensing end; the sensing device is used for sensing external pressure and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor through the liquid filled in the cavity;
the protective shell is used for sealing the hydraulic sensor in a sealed space, the inner measuring end and the hydraulic sensor are arranged in the protective shell, and the outer sensing end extends out of the protective shell; therefore, the hydraulic sensor can be guaranteed to be stressed only at one end which is in contact with the liquid in the container, the situation that the periphery of the hydraulic sensor is stressed is avoided, and the accuracy of equipment measurement is guaranteed;
when measuring soil body pressure, container, hydraulic pressure sensor, induction system and protective housing all place in the soil layer that awaits measuring, signal acquisition transmission system sets up outside the soil layer that awaits measuring, signal acquisition transmission system passes through the circuit and is connected with hydraulic pressure sensor.
After the pressure of the external soil body acts on the sensing device, the sensing device transmits the relevant pressure to the liquid in the container, the hydraulic pressure sensor directly measures the liquid pressure, the relevant parameters of the force are not needed to be obtained through the mode of calculating the force by the deformation, and the measured data are more accurate.
On the basis, the container is a straight pipe or a bent pipe so as to be capable of measuring the soil mechanical parameters in different directions. When the container is of a straight pipe structure, the container can be arranged in the vertical direction in the soil body, and the end faces of the inner measuring end and the outer sensing end of the container are parallel to the horizontal plane, so that the container is used for measuring the pressure from above the soil body; when the container is of a bent pipe structure, the end face of the inner measuring end of the container is parallel to the horizontal plane, the end face of the outer sensing end faces the side face of the soil body, the structure can be used for measuring the lateral pressure of the soil body, in addition, the normal direction of the end face of the outer sensing end is the pressure measuring direction, and the soil pressure in other directions can be measured by changing the embedding direction of the container or setting different bent pipe angles.
On this basis, the container can be an equal-diameter pipe or a reducer pipe. When the container is a reducer pipe, the inner diameter of the reducer pipe is continuously changed, and the end surface area of the outer sensing end is larger than that of the inner sensing end. Because the hydraulic sensor that interior survey end is connected is the standard part, and the terminal surface size of interior survey end is fixed relatively, if the area of exogenous end is too little receives factors such as boundary friction, big particle diameter card pipe influence, consequently, increase exogenous end area is favorable to improving measurement accuracy.
Scheme one: the sensing device is a first filter screen allowing pore water to pass through, and the first filter screen is fixedly connected with the container at the outer induction end. The container of the device is communicated with the outside and is mainly used for measuring pore water pressure of saturated soil, water level in non-pressure-bearing water soil, water pressure in pressure-bearing water and changes thereof.
Scheme II: the sensing device is a diaphragm which is fixedly connected with the container at the outer induction end; and the diaphragm and the hydraulic sensor are matched with the container to seal the liquid filled in the container in the cavity of the container. The device container is not communicated with the outside, and after the pressure is transmitted to the diaphragm from the outside, the diaphragm can deform, so that the liquid in the squeeze container transmits the pressure to the hydraulic sensor, and the corresponding soil pressure is measured.
Scheme III: on the basis of the second scheme, the sensing device is a diaphragm, a lantern ring used for transmitting pore pressure to the diaphragm is arranged on one side, away from the hydraulic sensor, of the diaphragm, the lantern ring is fixedly connected with the container, and sand is filled in the lantern ring; the one end that the lantern ring kept away from the container has set gradually second filter screen, bearing plate and the iron mesh that only allow liquid and gas to pass through, the second filter screen both sides are bearing plate and lantern ring respectively. The iron net can block the soil material, avoids the soil material to get into the through-hole of bearing plate and produces extrusion effect to the sand in the lantern ring to improve measurement accuracy, the bearing plate can bear the pressure of soil and indeformable, and the second filter screen can be with the sand closure of packing in the lantern ring, prevents sand material excessive to with a small amount of soil material that passes through the bearing plate block outside the lantern ring, make the device can accurately measure pore pressure in the soil, and this kind of pore pressure can be pore water pressure and pore air pressure.
Scheme IV: the sensing device is a propeller, the propeller comprises a shell and a piston arranged in the shell, the piston is connected with the shell in a sliding way, and the piston seals liquid in the container in a sealed space. And one end of the piston, which is far away from the hydraulic sensor, bears the pressure of the soil body to be measured, and the piston subjected to the pressure slides in the shell. The piston structure is more sensitive to the change of the soil pressure, so that the measured soil pressure has real-time performance and dynamic characteristics, and has higher precision and sensitivity compared with the second scheme.
On the basis, in order to prevent the loss of water evaporation and the like in the container and prolong the service life of the equipment, a membrane for preventing the water in the container from losing is further arranged between the piston and the shell, and after the membrane is arranged, the volatilization of liquid in the container along a gap of the piston can be inhibited.
On the basis, one end of the piston, which is far away from the hydraulic sensor, is provided with a protective film. The arrangement of the protective film can prevent soil from entering the gap between the shell and the piston, and avoid blocking the piston.
The method for measuring the pressure of the soil comprises the following specific steps of:
s1, standing the pressure measuring device in air according to an installation angle, and acquiring a signal detected by a hydraulic sensor by a signal acquisition and transmission system without applying load, namely, an initial pressure value;
s2, placing the pressure measuring device in a soil body to be measured according to the angle in the S1;
wherein, the container, the hydraulic sensor, the induction device and the protective shell of the device are buried in the soil body to be detected;
s3, sensing the pressure of the soil to be detected by the sensing device and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor through liquid filled in the cavity;
s4, the signal acquisition and transmission system acquires a pressure signal detected by the hydraulic sensor, namely an actual measurement pressure value, so that the pressure value of the soil is the difference value between the actual measurement pressure value and the initial pressure value.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the pressure measurement precision is related to the equal generation modulus of the diaphragm, the modulus of the soil is in the change in the compaction process, and the matching degree of the soil pressure value is poor; 2. according to the invention, soil pressure in different directions can be measured through different directions of the outer sensing end; 3. according to the scheme that the outer sensing end is only provided with the filter screen, the device is arranged in non-bearing water soil to measure the water level, the device is arranged in bearing water to measure the water pressure and the change of the water pressure in the soil, a water level pipe is not required to be arranged, and water level information can be obtained in real time through the device; 4. according to the invention, the diaphragm or the piston is arranged at the outer induction end, so that the soil pressure can be measured, and the precision and the sensitivity are high; 5. according to the invention, after the diaphragm is arranged at the outer induction end, the lantern ring filled with sand is additionally arranged, so that the pore pressure in soil can be measured, and the precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a soil pressure measuring device in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the container as a reducer pipe in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the induction device in embodiment 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the induction device in embodiment 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the induction device in embodiment 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the bearing plate described in embodiment 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the induction device in embodiment 5;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the propeller described in embodiment 5;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensing device and the container in embodiment 5.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description will refer to the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example 1
The pressure measuring device for the soil comprises a container 1, a hydraulic sensor 2, a sensing device 3, a protective shell 4 and a signal acquisition and transmission system 5 for acquiring pressure signals of the hydraulic sensor 2, as shown in fig. 1; the pressure of the earth in the present invention includes the earth pressure and the pore pressure in the earth.
Specifically, the two ends of the container 1 are opened, a cavity 1-1 is formed in the container, the hydraulic sensor 2 and the sensing device 3 are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the cavity 1-1 of the container 1, and the middle is filled with liquid; the hydraulic sensor 2 and the sensing device 3 can be fixed with the container 1 by means of threads, buckles and the like; the liquid in the container 1 can be water or oil, and the oil can have environmental pollution, preferably, the liquid adopted in the invention is water, the hydraulic sensor 2 is a water pressure sensor, and the specific model can be an XG-131 pressure transmitter.
The end of the hydraulic sensor 2 is an inner measuring end 1-2, and the end of the sensing device 3 is an outer sensing end 1-3; the hydraulic sensor 2 is used for measuring the liquid pressure in the container 1, and the sensing device 3 is used for sensing the external pressure and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor 2 through the liquid filled in the cavity 1-1; after the pressure of the external soil body acts on the sensing device 3, the sensing device 3 transmits the relevant pressure to the liquid in the container 1, the hydraulic pressure sensor 2 directly measures the pressure of the liquid, the relevant parameters of the force are not required to be obtained through the mode of estimating the force by the deformation, and the measured data are more accurate.
Preferably, the end of the hydraulic sensor 2, which is in contact with the liquid in the container 1, is horizontally placed, and since the hydraulic sensor 2 is measured by the pressure of the liquid in the container 1, the liquid pressures at different heights have small differences, and the influence of the liquid height on the accuracy of the pressure measurement can be eliminated by horizontally placing the end, which is in contact with the liquid pressure.
The protective shell 4 is used for sealing the hydraulic sensor 2 in a sealed space, the inner measuring end 1-2 and the hydraulic sensor 2 are arranged in the protective shell 4, and the outer sensing end 1-3 extends out of the protective shell 4; in order to accurately measure the liquid pressure in the container 1, it is necessary to ensure that only one end of the hydraulic sensor 2, which is in contact with the liquid in the container 1, is stressed, and the protective shell 4 covers the hydraulic sensor 2 in the closed space, so that the situation that the periphery of the hydraulic sensor 2 is stressed is avoided, and the accuracy of equipment measurement is ensured; preferably, the protective shell 4 is made of waterproof material, and has a certain waterproof function, so that the influence of pore water around the protective shell 4 on the hydraulic sensor 2 is avoided;
the signal acquisition and transmission system 5 comprises a power supply 5-1, a sensor information transmitting device 5-2 for acquiring and transmitting pressure signals of the hydraulic sensor 2 and a signal receiving device 5-3 for receiving information sent by the sensor information transmitting device 5-2, wherein the power supply 5-1 supplies power to the sensor information transmitting device 5-2 and the hydraulic sensor 2, and signals of the hydraulic sensor 2 are acquired by the sensor information transmitting device 5-2 and then are transmitted to the signal receiving device 5-3 for processing. Preferably, in this embodiment, the sensor information transmitting device 5-2 may be a TP302 RTU transmitting device, the signal receiving device 5-3 may be a Tint internet of things platform, and the information thereof is stored in a database of website https:// www.tlink.io/index.htm, and the user logs in website https:// www.tlink.io/index.htm to download data.
In addition, when the device is used for measuring the pressure of soil, the container 1, the hydraulic sensor 2, the sensing device 3 and the protective shell 4 are all embedded in the soil layer to be measured, and the signal acquisition and transmission system 5 is arranged outside the soil layer to be measured.
On this basis, the container 1 may be a straight tube or a curved tube in order to be able to measure the geomechanical parameters in different directions. As shown in fig. 3 (a), fig. 4 (c), fig. 5 (e) and fig. 7 (g), the container 1 has a straight tube structure, and as a way, the straight tube is arranged in the vertical direction in the soil body, and the end surfaces of the inner sensing end 1-2 and the outer sensing end 1-3 are parallel to the horizontal plane, so that the structure can be used for measuring the pressure from above the soil body; as shown in fig. 3 (b), 4 (d), 5 (f) and 7 (h), the container 1 has a bent pipe structure, and as a way, the end face of the inner measuring end 1-2 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the end face of the outer sensing end 1-3 faces the soil side, and this structure can be used for measuring the pressure from the soil side. In addition, the normal direction of the outer sensing end face is the pressure measuring direction, and the soil pressure in other directions can be measured by changing the embedding direction of the container or setting different bent pipe angles, that is, the soil pressure in any direction can be solved through the embedding direction or the bent angle of the container.
On this basis, the container 1 may be an isopipe or reducer pipe. Wherein, the equal diameter pipe means that the inner diameter of the container 1 is unchanged from the end surface of the inner measuring end 1-2 to the end surface of the outer sensing end 1-3, as shown in figures 3-5 and 7; the reducer pipe means that the end surface area of the outer sensing end 1-3 of the container 1 is larger than the end surface area of the inner sensing end 1-2, and the inner diameter of the container 1 continuously changes from the end surface of the inner sensing end 1-2 to the end surface of the outer sensing end 1-3, and the structure can be better suitable for large-particle-size soil layers as shown in fig. 2. Because the hydraulic sensor 2 connected with the inner measuring end 1-2 is a standard component, the end face size of the inner measuring end 1-2 is relatively fixed, and if the area of the outer sensing end 1-3 is too small, the outer sensing end is easily affected by factors such as boundary friction, large-particle-size clamping pipes and the like, the increase of the area of the outer sensing end 1-3 is beneficial to improvement of measurement accuracy.
Example 2
Based on embodiment 1, the sensing device 3 in this embodiment is the first filter screen 3-2, and other components are not changed, and only the sensing device 3 will be described in detail below:
as shown in fig. 3, the sensing device 3 is a first filter screen 3-2, the first filter screen 3-2 allows pore water to pass through, the first filter screen 3-2 is fixedly connected with the container 1 at the outer sensing end 1-3 of the container 1, so that the container 1 is communicated with the external environment, and the structure is mainly used for measuring pore water pressure of saturated soil, water level in unpressurized water soil, water pressure in pressurized water and changes thereof. When the soil layer is pressed, as the surrounding soil layers are in a saturated state, pore water can only be transmitted into the container 1 through the first filter screen 3-2, the liquid pressure before and after the pore water acts is measured through the hydraulic sensor 2, and the pore water pressure of the saturated soil is calculated. If the outer sensing end 1-3 provided with the first filter screen 3-2 is arranged in the soil of the unpressurized water, the water level can be measured, if the outer sensing end is arranged in the pressurized water, the water pressure in the soil and the change of the water pressure can be measured, and the water level of the unpressurized water and the change of the water pressure of the pressurized water are obtained through water pressure calculation. In addition, the structure can be used for directly outputting a cable at a place inconvenient to install the water level pipe without installing the water level pipe when measuring the water level, and the water level information can be obtained in real time through the structure under the working condition unsuitable for laying water level monitoring facilities.
Example 3
Based on embodiment 1, the sensing device 3 in this embodiment is a diaphragm 3-1, and other components are not changed, and only the sensing device 3 will be described in detail below:
as shown in fig. 4, the sensing device 3 is a diaphragm 3-1, the diaphragm 3-1 is fixedly connected with the container 1 at the outer sensing end 1-3 of the container 1, and the diaphragm 3-1, the hydraulic sensor 2 and the container 1 cooperate to seal the liquid filled in the container 1 and not communicate with the external environment. Preferably, the membrane 3-1 has a certain elasticity, and the certain elasticity means that the membrane 3-1 can be bent and can be recovered after being bent; the diaphragm 3-1 can bear the pressure of the soil, and the hardness of the diaphragm can be designed according to the pressure environment of the soil, so that the diaphragm is not damaged when bearing the pressure of the soil; the membrane 3-1 may be a metal sheet.
When pressure is transmitted to the diaphragm 3-1 from the outside, the diaphragm 3-1 deforms, so that the liquid in the container 1 is squeezed, the pressure is transmitted to the hydraulic sensor 2, and the magnitude of the external pressure is calculated by the liquid pressure measured by the hydraulic sensor 2. If the pressure parameter is obtained by means of deformation amount calculation, the accuracy soil body of the pressure parameter and the equal modulus of the diaphragm are related, and the modulus of the soil is in change in the compaction process, so that the obtained pressure value has poor matching degree and low accuracy, the structure of the embodiment can directly measure the force without deformation conversion, the force measuring process is not influenced by the deformation modulus, and the pressure measuring accuracy is high.
Specifically, the device is placed in the soil, and when the soil pressure is measured: before loading, the reading of the hydraulic sensor 2 is the initial water pressure value in the container 1; after loading, the hydraulic sensor 2 reads the measured water pressure value in the container 1, and the soil pressure value is obtained by subtracting the initial value from the measured water pressure value in the container 1. The structure can accurately measure the pressure value before and after the soil body acts, and further directly obtain the accurate value of the soil pressure. The soil body for structural measurement can be a saturated soil body or an unsaturated soil body containing pore water, or can be a soil body without pore water.
Example 4
On the basis of the embodiment 3, in order to accurately measure the pore pressure in the soil, as shown in fig. 5, a collar 3-3 for transmitting the pore pressure to the diaphragm 3-1 is arranged on one side of the diaphragm 3-1 away from the hydraulic sensor 2, and the collar 3-3 is fixedly connected with the container 1; one end of the sleeve ring 3-3 far away from the container 1 is provided with a bearing plate 3-4 and a second filter screen 3-5, the bearing plate 3-4 and the second filter screen 3-5 are both fixed on the sleeve ring 3-3, the sleeve ring 3-3 and the bearing plate 3-4 are respectively arranged at two sides of the second filter screen 3-5, and a cavity formed by the membrane 3-1, the sleeve ring 3-3 and the second filter screen 3-5 is filled with sand; as shown in fig. 6, the bearing plate 3-4 is provided with a plurality of through holes 3-41 for passing gas and/or liquid, the bearing plate 3-4 has a certain hardness, and can bear the pressure of external soil without deformation, and preferably, the bearing plate 3-4 is a porous metal plate; as shown in fig. 5, the second filter 3-5 only allows liquid and gas to pass through, but does not allow solid to pass through, that is, the second filter 3-5 only allows pore water and air to pass through, but does not allow soil to pass through, and besides, the second filter 3-5 can also seal filled sand in the collar 3-3 to prevent the sand from overflowing.
On the basis, as shown in fig. 5, one side of the bearing plate 3-4 far away from the lantern ring 3-3 is also provided with an iron net 3-8, the iron net 3-8 can stop most soil bodies, and a small amount of soil bodies passing through the iron net 3-8 are stopped for the second time by the bearing plate 3-4, so that a large amount of soil bodies can be prevented from being gathered at the through holes 3-41 of the bearing plate 3-4 and then squeezed towards sand in the lantern ring 3-3, and the measurement accuracy can be further improved.
After the device is placed on a soil body, pore water sequentially passes through the iron net 3-8, the through holes 3-41 on the bearing plate 3-4 and the second filter screen 3-5 to enter the lantern ring 3-3, and the iron net 3-8 and the bearing plate 3-4 stop the soil material twice in sequence, so that most of the soil material is isolated outside the lantern ring 3-3 by the iron net 3-8 and the bearing plate 3-4, a very small amount of soil material possibly enters the through holes 3-41 of the bearing plate 3-4, and the pore water is isolated outside the lantern ring 3-3 by the second filter screen 3-5, so that only pore water is allowed to enter the lantern ring 3-3. The pore water entering the lantern ring 3-3 fills the sand material, and then acts on the diaphragm 3-1 to deform the diaphragm 3-1, so that force is transmitted to the liquid in the container 1, and the hydraulic sensor 2 measures the pressure, and the measured pressure is only related to the pore pressure in the soil body. In addition, standard sand is selected as the sand material, the particle sizes are uniform and are uniformly distributed in the lantern ring 3-3, and when pore water and/or air enter the lantern ring 3-3 and then uniformly disperse along gaps of the sand material, so that pore pressure is uniformly applied to the diaphragm 3-1, excessive deformation and failure of the diaphragm 3-1 caused by overlarge pressure at a certain place are avoided, and the diaphragm 3-1 is protected.
Preferably, the membrane 3-1 in this embodiment can isolate the liquid in the container 1, has a certain flexibility, can deform with a slight pressure, and can be made of ethylene, latex or other materials. The sensitivity of the diaphragm to pressure is relatively high, and the accuracy of pressure measurement can be improved.
Compared with the device in the embodiment 2, the pressure which can be clearly measured by the structure is pore pressure, the pore pressure comprises pore water pressure and pore air pressure, and the measuring accuracy is higher and the effect is better.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 1, in order to accurately measure the pressure of soil in the soil, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the sensing device 3 is a propeller 3-6, the propeller 3-6 comprises a shell 3-61 and a piston 3-62 arranged in the shell 3-61, the shell 3-61 is fixedly connected with the container 1, the piston 3-62 is inserted into the shell 3-61, one end of the piston 3-62 far away from the hydraulic sensor 2 bears the pressure of the soil to be measured, the piston 3-62 slides in the shell 3-61 after bearing the pressure, and the piston 3-62 seals the liquid in the container 1 in a closed space. Preferably, the outer diameter of the piston 3-62 is equal to the inner diameter of the housing 3-61.
When the pressure of soil acts on the piston 3-62, one end of the piston 3-62 far away from the hydraulic sensor 2 bears the pressure of the soil to be detected, the piston 3-62 after bearing the pressure slides in the shell 3-61, the piston 3-62 approaches to the direction of the hydraulic sensor 2 and acts on the liquid in the container 1, the liquid pressure is measured by the liquid sensor 2, and then the soil pressure is obtained. The soil to be measured with the structure can be a saturated soil or an unsaturated soil containing pore water, or a soil not containing pore water.
In order to reduce the loss of liquid in the container 1, as shown in fig. 9, a diaphragm 3-1 is provided between the impeller 3-6 and the container 1, the diaphragm 3-1 and the hydraulic sensor 2 seal the liquid filled in the container 1, and preferably, the diaphragm 3-1 has a certain flexibility and can deform with a slight pressure, and materials such as ethylene and latex can be used. The membrane 3-1 can seal the liquid in the container 1, prevent the evaporation loss of the liquid in the container 1 after the device is used for a long time, thereby prolonging the service life of the device and ensuring the use precision of the device.
Preferably, the housing 3-61 and the piston 3-62 may be industrial cylinders, and specific models may be: SDA12X10.
On the basis, as shown in fig. 7, one end of the piston 3-62 far away from the hydraulic sensor 2 is provided with a protective film 3-7, the protective film 3-7 can be wrapped and fixed on the outer wall of the shell 3-61 or the outer wall of the container 1, and the protective film 3-7 can prevent soil from entering a gap between the shell 3-61 and the piston 3-62 and avoid blocking the piston 3-62.
Compared with the device in the embodiment 3, the device in the embodiment is more sensitive to the change of the soil pressure by the pistons 3-62, so that the measured soil pressure has real-time and dynamic characteristics, and the device has higher precision and sensitivity.
Example 6
A method for measuring the pressure of soil using the apparatus for measuring the pressure of soil according to any one of the embodiments 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, standing a pressure measuring device for soil in air according to an installation angle, and acquiring a pressure signal detected by a hydraulic sensor 2 as an initial pressure value by a signal acquisition and transmission system 5 without applying load;
the installation angle refers to the angle set by the device during installation after the device is buried in the soil body to be measured.
S2, placing the pressure measuring device in a soil body to be measured according to the angle in the S1;
wherein the container 1, the hydraulic sensor 2, the induction device 3 and the protective shell 4 of the device are embedded in the soil body to be tested;
s3, sensing the pressure of the soil body to be detected by the sensing device 3 and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor 2 through the liquid filled in the cavity 1-1;
s4, the signal acquisition and transmission system 5 acquires the pressure signal detected by the hydraulic sensor 2 as an actual measurement pressure value, so that the pressure value of the soil is the difference value between the actual measurement pressure value and the initial pressure value.
In the pressure measurement method, the force is directly obtained in the detection process, deformation amount calculation is not needed, the influence of soil deformation is avoided, and the measured pressure precision is high.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in detail, and other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The pressure measuring device for the soil is characterized by comprising a container (1), a hydraulic sensor (2), an induction device (3), a protective shell (4) and a signal acquisition and transmission system (5) for acquiring pressure signals of the hydraulic sensor (2);
the two ends of the container (1) are opened, a cavity (1-1) is formed in the container, the hydraulic sensor (2) and the sensing device (3) are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the cavity (1-1) of the container (1), and the middle of the container is filled with liquid; the end of the hydraulic sensor (2) is an inner measuring end (1-2), and the end of the sensing device (3) is an outer sensing end (1-3); the hydraulic sensor (2) is used for measuring the liquid pressure in the container (1), and the sensing device (3) is used for sensing the external pressure and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor (2) through the liquid filled in the cavity (1-1);
the protection shell (4) is used for sealing the hydraulic sensor (2) in a closed space, the inner measuring end (1-2) and the hydraulic sensor (2) are arranged in the protection shell (4), and the outer sensing end (1-3) extends out of the protection shell (4);
the induction device (3) is a diaphragm (3-1), and the diaphragm (3-1) is fixedly connected with the container (1) at the outer induction end (1-3); the diaphragm (3-1), the hydraulic sensor (2) and the container (1) are matched to seal the liquid filled in the container (1) in the cavity (1-1) of the container (1);
one side of the diaphragm (3-1) far away from the hydraulic sensor (2) is provided with a lantern ring (3-3) for transmitting pore pressure to the diaphragm (3-1), the lantern ring (3-3) is fixedly connected with the container (1), and the lantern ring (3-3) is filled with sand; the one end that container (1) was kept away from to lantern ring (3-3) is provided with bearing plate (3-4) and only allows second filter screen (3-5) of liquid and gaseous through, bearing plate (3-4) can bear the pressure of soil and do not warp, second filter screen (3-5) both sides are lantern ring (3-3) and bearing plate (3-4) respectively, bearing plate (3-4) and second filter screen (3-5) are all fixed connection on lantern ring (3-3).
2. The pressure measurement device for the earth according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (1) is a straight or curved tube.
3. The pressure measurement device for the earth according to claim 1, characterized in that the container (1) is an isopipe or reducer pipe; when the container (1) is a reducer pipe, the inner diameter of the reducer pipe is continuously changed, and the end surface area of the outer sensing end (1-3) is larger than the end surface area of the inner sensing end (1-2).
4. The soil pressure measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the sensing device (3) is a first filter screen (3-2), the first filter screen (3-2) being fixedly connected to the container (1) at the outer sensing end (1-3).
5. The pressure measuring device for the earth according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the bearing plate (3-4) remote from the membrane (3-1) is further provided with an iron net (3-8) for blocking the passage of earth material.
6. A method for measuring the pressure of soil, characterized in that the device for measuring the pressure of soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, comprising the following steps:
s1, standing the pressure measuring device in air according to an installation angle, and acquiring a pressure signal detected by a hydraulic sensor (2) by a signal acquisition and transmission system (5) without applying a load, wherein the pressure signal is an initial pressure value;
s2, placing the pressure measuring device in a soil body to be measured according to the angle in the S1;
s3, sensing the pressure of the soil to be detected by the sensing device (3) and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor (2) through the liquid filled in the cavity (1-1);
s4, a signal acquisition and transmission system (5) acquires a pressure signal detected by the hydraulic sensor (2), namely an actual measurement pressure value, so that the pressure value of the soil is the difference value between the actual measurement pressure value and the initial pressure value.
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