CN115096487A - Pressure measuring device and method for soil - Google Patents
Pressure measuring device and method for soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115096487A CN115096487A CN202210691330.4A CN202210691330A CN115096487A CN 115096487 A CN115096487 A CN 115096487A CN 202210691330 A CN202210691330 A CN 202210691330A CN 115096487 A CN115096487 A CN 115096487A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/14—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measurement of pressure
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pressure measuring device and method for soil, which comprises a container, a hydraulic sensor, an induction device, a protective shell and a signal acquisition and transmission system for acquiring a pressure signal of the hydraulic sensor, wherein the container is used for containing a soil sample; the two ends of the container are open, a cavity is formed inside the container, the hydraulic sensor and the sensing device are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the cavity of the container, and liquid is filled in the middle of the hydraulic sensor and the sensing device; one end of the hydraulic sensor is an inner measuring end, and one end of the sensing device is an outer sensing end; the protective shell seals the hydraulic sensor in a closed space, the inner measuring end is arranged in the protective shell, and the outer sensing end extends out of the protective shell; according to the invention, the force can be directly measured without calculating the force through the deformation, and the pressure measurement precision of the soil is high; the earth pressure can be measured by adopting a diaphragm or piston structure; adopt diaphragm, lantern ring and filter screen structure, the pore pressure in the survey soil that can be more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pressure detection, in particular to a device and a method for measuring soil pressure.
Background
All can involve the problem of the characteristic parameter of soil at present in engineering construction and scientific research process, for example: in the prior art, related parameters are mainly obtained by adopting a deformation calculation force mode, but the conditions that the use working condition is inconsistent with the calibration condition are usually accompanied, for example, after a soil layer is pressed, the soil layer is continuously deformed, the modulus of the soil is always in change, and at the moment, errors can be generated by calculating the soil pressure by adopting the deformation, so that the pressure of the soil cannot be accurately measured. In addition, the existing soil pressure sensor can directly measure the pressure of soil, but cannot measure the pore pressure. At present, no device capable of accurately measuring the pressure characteristic parameters of the soil under various states in real time exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides the device and the method for measuring the pressure of the soil, the device can measure the pressure characteristic parameters of the soil without deformation conversion, the measured value is not influenced by the deformation modulus of the soil, and the measurement precision is high.
A pressure measuring device for soil comprises a container, a hydraulic sensor, an induction device, a protective shell and a signal acquisition and transmission system for acquiring a pressure signal of the hydraulic sensor, wherein the hydraulic sensor is electrically connected with the signal acquisition and transmission system;
the two ends of the container are open, a cavity is formed inside the container, the hydraulic sensor and the sensing device are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the cavity of the container, and liquid is filled in the middle of the hydraulic sensor and the sensing device; one end of the hydraulic sensor is an inner measuring end, and one end of the sensing device is an outer sensing end; the hydraulic sensor is used for measuring the liquid pressure in the container, and the sensing device is used for sensing the external pressure and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor through the liquid filled in the cavity;
the protective shell is used for sealing the hydraulic sensor in a closed space, the inner measuring end and the hydraulic sensor are arranged in the protective shell, and the outer sensing end extends out of the protective shell; therefore, the hydraulic sensor can be ensured to be stressed only at one end which is contacted with the liquid in the container, and the situation that the periphery of the hydraulic sensor is pressed is avoided, so that the accuracy of equipment measurement is ensured;
when survey soil body pressure, container, hydraulic sensor, induction system and protective housing are all placed in waiting to survey the soil horizon, signal acquisition transmission system sets up outside waiting to survey the soil horizon, signal acquisition transmission system passes through the circuit and is connected with hydraulic sensor.
After the pressure of the external soil body acts on the sensing device, the sensing device transmits the related pressure to the liquid in the container, the hydraulic sensor directly measures the liquid pressure, the related parameters of the force are obtained without the mode of calculating the force through the deformation, and the measured data are more accurate.
On the basis, in order to measure the soil mechanics parameters in different directions, the container is a straight pipe or a bent pipe. When the container is in a straight pipe structure, the container can be arranged in the vertical direction in the soil body, and the end surfaces of the inner measuring end and the outer sensing end of the container are both parallel to the horizontal plane, so that the container is used for measuring the pressure from the upper part of the soil body; when the container is of a bent pipe structure, the end face of the inner measuring end of the container is parallel to the horizontal plane, the end face of the outer sensing end faces the side face of the soil body, the structure can be used for measuring the pressure from the side direction of the soil body, in addition, the normal direction of the end face of the outer sensing end is a pressure measuring direction, and the pressure of the soil in other directions can be measured by changing the embedding direction of the container or setting different bent pipe angles.
On the basis, the container can be a constant-diameter pipe or a variable-diameter pipe. When the container is a reducer pipe, the inner diameter of the reducer pipe is continuously changed, and the area of the end face of the outer sensing end is larger than that of the end face of the inner measuring end. Because the hydraulic sensor connected with the inner measuring end is a standard part, the size of the end face of the inner measuring end is relatively fixed, and if the area of the outer sensing end is too small, the area is easily influenced by boundary friction, large-particle-size pipe clamping and other factors, so that the area of the outer sensing end is increased, and the measurement precision is improved.
The first scheme is as follows: the sensing device is a first filter screen allowing pore water to pass through, and the first filter screen is fixedly connected with the container at the outer sensing end. The device container is communicated with the outside and is mainly used for measuring the pore water pressure of saturated soil, the water level in non-pressure-bearing water soil, the water pressure in pressure-bearing water and the change of the water pressure.
Scheme II: the sensing device is a diaphragm, and the diaphragm is fixedly connected with the container at an external sensing end; and the diaphragm, the hydraulic sensor and the container are matched to seal the liquid filled in the container in the cavity of the container. The container of the device is not communicated with the outside, and after pressure is transmitted to the diaphragm from the outside, the diaphragm can deform, so that the liquid in the container is extruded to transmit the pressure to the hydraulic sensor, and the corresponding soil pressure is measured.
The third scheme is as follows: on the basis of the second scheme, the sensing device is a diaphragm, a lantern ring used for transmitting pore pressure to the diaphragm is arranged on one side, away from the hydraulic sensor, of the diaphragm, the lantern ring is fixedly connected with the container, and the lantern ring is filled with sand; the one end that the container was kept away from to the lantern ring has set gradually second filter screen, pressure-bearing plate and the iron mesh that only allows liquid and gas to pass through, second filter screen both sides are pressure-bearing plate and lantern ring respectively. The iron net can block the soil material, avoids the through-hole that the soil material got into the bearing plate to the intra-annular sand of cover to produce the squeezing action to improve measurement accuracy, the bearing plate can bear the pressure undeformable of soil, and the second filter screen can seal the husky material of packing in the lantern ring, prevents that husky material is excessive to block a small amount of soil material through the bearing plate outside the lantern ring, make the device can the accurate pore pressure who measures in the soil, this kind of pore pressure can be pore water pressure and pore air pressure.
The scheme four is as follows: the induction device is a propeller, the propeller comprises a shell and a piston arranged in the shell, the piston is connected with the shell in a sliding mode, and the piston seals liquid in the container in a closed space. One end of the piston, which is far away from the hydraulic sensor, bears the pressure of the soil body to be measured, and the piston bearing the pressure slides in the shell. The piston structure is more sensitive to the change of the soil pressure, so that the measured soil pressure has real-time and dynamic characteristics, and compared with the second scheme, the piston structure has higher precision and sensitivity.
On the basis, in order to prevent loss such as water evaporation in the container and prolong the service life of the equipment, a diaphragm for preventing water in the container from losing is arranged between the piston and the shell, and after the diaphragm is arranged, the liquid in the container can be inhibited from volatilizing along a piston gap.
On this basis, the piston is provided with the protection film in the one end of keeping away from hydraulic pressure sensor. The protective film is arranged to prevent soil from entering a gap between the shell and the piston, and the piston is prevented from being blocked.
The soil pressure measuring method using the soil pressure measuring device comprises the following specific steps:
s1, the pressure measuring device is placed in the air statically according to an installation angle, no load is applied, and a signal acquisition and transmission system acquires a signal detected by a hydraulic sensor, namely an initial pressure value;
s2, placing the pressure measuring device in a soil body to be measured according to the angle in the S1;
the container, the hydraulic sensor, the induction device and the protective shell of the device are buried in a soil body to be detected;
s3, sensing the pressure of the soil to be measured by the sensing device and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor through the liquid filled in the cavity;
and S4, acquiring a pressure signal detected by the hydraulic sensor by the signal acquisition and transmission system, namely acquiring an actual measurement pressure value, so that the obtained soil pressure value is a difference value between the actual measurement pressure value and an initial pressure value.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. because the pressure measurement precision is related to the equivalent modulus of the diaphragm, the modulus of the soil is in change in the compaction process, and the matching degree of the soil pressure value is poor, the invention does not need to calculate the force through the deformation amount, can directly measure the force, and has high pressure measurement precision; 2. the invention can measure the soil pressure in different directions through different orientations of the external sensing end; 3. according to the invention, through the scheme that the external sensing end is only provided with the filter screen, the device is arranged in non-pressure-bearing water soil to measure the water level, is arranged in pressure-bearing water to measure the water pressure and the change thereof in the soil, does not need to be provided with a water level pipe, and can obtain water level information in real time; 4. according to the invention, the diaphragm or the piston is arranged at the external sensing end, so that the soil pressure can be measured, and the precision and the sensitivity are high; 5. according to the invention, after the diaphragm is installed at the external sensing end, the lantern ring filled with sand is additionally installed, so that the pore pressure in soil can be measured, and the precision is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the entire construction of a pressure measuring apparatus for soil according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the vessel of embodiment 1 as a reducer pipe;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an induction device according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an induction device according to embodiment 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an induction device according to embodiment 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a pressure bearing plate described in embodiment 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an induction device according to embodiment 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the propeller according to embodiment 5;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a structure in which a diaphragm is provided between the sensing device and the container described in embodiment 5.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, characteristics and effects according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example 1
A pressure measuring device for soil is shown in figure 1 and comprises a container 1, a hydraulic sensor 2, an induction device 3, a protective shell 4 and a signal acquisition and transmission system 5 for acquiring a pressure signal of the hydraulic sensor 2; the pressure of the soil in the present invention includes the soil pressure and the pore pressure in the soil.
Specifically, two ends of the container 1 are opened, a cavity 1-1 is formed inside the container 1, the hydraulic sensor 2 and the sensing device 3 are respectively arranged at two open ends of the cavity 1-1 of the container 1, and liquid is filled in the middle of the cavity; the hydraulic sensor 2 and the sensing device 3 can be fixed with the container 1 in a thread way, a buckle way and the like; the liquid in the container 1 can be water or oil, and because the oil can cause environmental pollution, preferably, the liquid adopted in the invention is water, the hydraulic pressure sensor 2 is a water pressure sensor, and the specific model can be an XG-131 pressure transmitter.
One end of the hydraulic sensor 2 is an inner measuring end 1-2, and one end of the induction device 3 is an outer induction end 1-3; the hydraulic sensor 2 is used for measuring the liquid pressure in the container 1, and the sensing device 3 is used for sensing the external pressure and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor 2 through the liquid filled in the cavity 1-1; after the pressure of the external soil body acts on the sensing device 3, the sensing device 3 transmits the related pressure to the liquid in the container 1, the hydraulic sensor 2 directly measures the pressure of the liquid, the related parameters of the force are obtained without the mode of calculating the force through the deformation, and the measured data are more accurate.
Preferably, the end of the hydraulic sensor 2, which is in contact with the liquid in the container 1, is horizontally arranged, and since the hydraulic sensor 2 is measured by the pressure of the liquid in the container 1, the liquid pressures at different heights have slight differences, and the horizontal arrangement of the end, which is in contact with the liquid pressure, can eliminate the influence of the height of the liquid on the accuracy of the pressure measurement.
The protective shell 4 is used for sealing the hydraulic sensor 2 in a closed space, the inner measuring end 1-2 and the hydraulic sensor 2 are arranged in the protective shell 4, and the outer sensing end 1-3 extends out of the protective shell 4; in order to accurately measure the liquid pressure in the container 1, it is necessary to ensure that only one end of the hydraulic sensor 2, which is in contact with the liquid in the container 1, is stressed, and the protective shell 4 covers the hydraulic sensor 2 in a closed space, so that the situation that the hydraulic sensor 2 is stressed around is avoided, and the measuring accuracy of the device is ensured; preferably, the protective shell 4 is made of a waterproof material and has a certain waterproof function, so that the influence of pore water around the protective shell 4 on the hydraulic sensor 2 is avoided;
the signal acquisition and transmission system 5 comprises a power supply 5-1, a sensor information transmitting device 5-2 for acquiring and transmitting pressure signals of the hydraulic sensor 2 and a signal receiving device 5-3 for receiving information transmitted by the sensor information transmitting device 5-2, the power supply 5-1 supplies power to the sensor information transmitting device 5-2 and the hydraulic sensor 2, and signals of the hydraulic sensor 2 are acquired by the sensor information transmitting device 5-2 and then transmitted to the signal receiving device 5-3 for processing. Preferably, in this embodiment, the sensor information transmitting device 5-2 may be a TP302 RTU transmitting device, the signal receiving device 5-3 may be a Tint internet of things platform, information of the Tint internet of things is stored in a database of the website https:// www.tlink.io/index.
In addition, when the device is used for measuring the pressure of soil, the container 1, the hydraulic sensor 2, the sensing device 3 and the protective shell 4 are all embedded in the soil layer to be measured, and the signal acquisition and transmission system 5 is arranged outside the soil layer to be measured.
On the basis, in order to measure the soil mechanical parameters in different directions, the container 1 can be a straight pipe or a bent pipe. As shown in fig. 3(a), 4(c), 5(e) and 7(g), the container 1 is a straight pipe structure, as a way, the straight pipe is arranged in the vertical direction in the soil body, the end surfaces of the inner measuring end 1-2 and the outer sensing end 1-3 are both parallel to the horizontal plane, and the structure can be used for measuring the pressure from the upper part of the soil body; as shown in fig. 3(b), fig. 4(d), fig. 5(f) and fig. 7(h), the container 1 has a bent pipe structure, as one mode, the end surface of the inner measuring end 1-2 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the end surface of the outer sensing end 1-3 faces the side surface of the soil body, and the structure can be used for measuring the pressure from the side direction of the soil body. In addition, the normal direction of the external sensing end surface is a pressure measuring direction, the pressure of soil in other directions can be measured by changing the embedding direction of the container or setting different bent pipe angles, namely the pressure of soil in any direction can be solved by the embedding direction or the bending angle of the container.
On this basis, the container 1 can be a constant-diameter pipe or a variable-diameter pipe. Wherein, the constant diameter pipe means that the inner diameter of the container 1 does not change from the end face of the inner measuring end 1-2 to the end face of the outer sensing end 1-3, as shown in fig. 3-5 and 7; the reducer pipe means that the area of the end face of the outer sensing end 1-3 of the container 1 is larger than that of the end face of the inner sensing end 1-2, and the inner diameter of the container 1 continuously changes from the end face of the inner sensing end 1-2 to the end face of the outer sensing end 1-3, so that the structure can be better suitable for a soil layer with large particle size as shown in figure 2. Because the hydraulic sensor 2 connected with the inner measuring end 1-2 is a standard component, the end face size of the inner measuring end 1-2 is relatively fixed, and if the area of the outer sensing end 1-3 is too small, the area is easily influenced by boundary friction, pipe clamping with large particle size and other factors, therefore, the area of the outer sensing end 1-3 is increased, and the measurement precision is improved.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the sensing device 3 in this embodiment is the first filter screen 3-2, and other components are not changed, and only the sensing device 3 is described in detail below:
as shown in fig. 3, the sensing device 3 is a first filter 3-2, the first filter 3-2 allows pore water to pass through, the first filter 3-2 is fixedly connected with the container 1 at an external sensing end 1-3 of the container 1, so that the container 1 is communicated with the external environment, and the structure is mainly used for measuring the pore water pressure of saturated soil, the water level in non-pressure-bearing water soil, the water pressure in pressure-bearing water and the change of the water pressure. When the soil layer is pressed, because the surrounding soil layers are all in a saturated state, the pore water can only be transferred into the container 1 through the first filter screen 3-2, the hydraulic pressure before and after the pore water acts is measured through the hydraulic sensor 2, and the pore water pressure of the saturated soil is calculated. If the external sensing end 1-3 provided with the first filter screen 3-2 is installed in the soil of non-pressure-bearing water, the water level can be measured, if the external sensing end is installed in pressure-bearing water, the water pressure and the change of the water pressure in the soil can be measured, and the water level of the non-pressure-bearing water and the water pressure change of the pressure-bearing water are obtained by water pressure calculation. In addition, the structure can directly output a cable in a place where the water level pipe is inconvenient to install without installing the water level pipe when the water level is measured, and the structure can obtain water level information in real time under the working condition that the water level monitoring facility is not suitable for being laid.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, the sensing device 3 in this embodiment is a membrane 3-1, and other components are not changed, and only the sensing device 3 is described in detail below:
as shown in fig. 4, the sensing device 3 is a membrane 3-1, the membrane 3-1 is fixedly connected with the container 1 at an external sensing end 1-3 of the container 1, and the membrane 3-1, the hydraulic sensor 2 and the container 1 are matched to seal the liquid filled in the container 1, so that the liquid is not communicated with the external environment. Preferably, the membrane 3-1 has certain elasticity, which means that the membrane 3-1 can be bent and can be recovered after being bent; the diaphragm 3-1 can bear the pressure of soil, and the hardness of the diaphragm can be designed according to the pressure environment of the soil, so that the diaphragm is not damaged when bearing the pressure of the soil; the membrane 3-1 may be a metal sheet.
When external pressure is transmitted to the diaphragm 3-1, the diaphragm 3-1 deforms, so that liquid in the container 1 is squeezed, the pressure is transmitted to the hydraulic sensor 2, and the external pressure is calculated through the liquid pressure measured by the hydraulic sensor 2. If the pressure parameter is obtained by means of estimating the force through the deformation, the precision of the pressure parameter is related to the equivalent modulus of a soil body and a diaphragm, and the obtained pressure value has poor matching degree and low precision because the modulus of the soil is in change in the compaction process.
Specifically, the device is placed in soil, and when the soil pressure is measured: before loading, the reading of the hydraulic sensor 2 is the initial water pressure value in the container 1; after loading, the reading of the hydraulic sensor 2 is the actual measured water pressure value in the container 1, and the soil pressure is the actual measured value of the water pressure in the container 1 minus the initial value. The structure can accurately measure the pressure values before and after the action of the soil body, and further directly obtain the accurate numerical value of the soil pressure. The soil body measured by the structure can be a saturated soil body or an unsaturated soil body containing pore water, and can also be a soil body without pore water.
Example 4
On the basis of the embodiment 3, in order to accurately measure the pore pressure in the soil, as shown in fig. 5, a collar 3-3 for transmitting the pore pressure to the diaphragm 3-1 is arranged on one side of the diaphragm 3-1 away from the hydraulic sensor 2, and the collar 3-3 is fixedly connected with the container 1; a bearing plate 3-4 and a second filter screen 3-5 are arranged at one end, far away from the container 1, of the lantern ring 3-3, the bearing plate 3-4 and the second filter screen 3-5 are both fixed on the lantern ring 3-3, lantern rings 3-3 and the bearing plates 3-4 are respectively arranged on two sides of the second filter screen 3-5, and a cavity formed among the diaphragm 3-1, the lantern rings 3-3 and the second filter screen 3-5 is filled with sand; as shown in fig. 6, a plurality of through holes 3-41 for passing gas and/or liquid are formed in the pressure bearing plate 3-4, the pressure bearing plate 3-4 has a certain hardness and can bear the pressure of external soil without deformation, and preferably, the pressure bearing plate 3-4 is a porous metal plate; as shown in fig. 5, the second screen 3-5 only allows liquid and gas to pass through and does not allow solids to pass through, that is, the second screen 3-5 only allows pore water and air to pass through and does not allow soil to pass through, and besides, the second screen 3-5 can also enclose the filled sand in the collar 3-3 to prevent the sand from overflowing.
On the basis, as shown in fig. 5, an iron net 3-8 is further arranged on one side, away from the lantern ring 3-3, of the pressure bearing plate 3-4, the iron net 3-8 can stop most of soil, and a small amount of soil passing through the iron net 3-8 is stopped by the pressure bearing plate 3-4 for the second time, so that the phenomenon that a large amount of soil is gathered at the through holes 3-41 of the pressure bearing plate 3-4 and then extrudes sand in the lantern ring 3-3 can be avoided, and the measurement accuracy can be further improved.
After the device is placed on a soil body, pore water sequentially passes through the iron net 3-8, the through holes 3-41 on the pressure bearing plate 3-4 and the second filter screen 3-5 to enter the lantern ring 3-3, the iron net 3-8 and the pressure bearing plate 3-4 stop the soil material twice, so that most of the soil material is isolated outside the lantern ring 3-3 by the iron net 3-8 and the pressure bearing plate 3-4, a very small amount of the soil material can enter the through holes 3-41 of the pressure bearing plate 3-4 and can also be isolated outside the lantern ring 3-3 by the second filter screen 3-5, and therefore only the pore water is allowed to enter the lantern ring 3-3. The pore water entering the lantern ring 3-3 is filled in the sand material and then acts on the diaphragm 3-1 to deform the diaphragm 3-1, so that the force is transmitted to the liquid in the container 1, the hydraulic sensor 2 measures the pressure, and the measured pressure is only related to the pore pressure in the soil body. In addition, the sand material is standard sand with uniform particle size and is uniformly distributed in the lantern ring 3-3, and pore water and/or air enter the lantern ring 3-3 and then are uniformly dispersed along gaps of the sand material, so that the pore pressure uniformly acts on the diaphragm 3-1, excessive deformation and failure of the diaphragm 3-1 caused by excessive pressure at a certain position are avoided, and the diaphragm 3-1 is protected.
Preferably, the membrane 3-1 in this embodiment can isolate the liquid in the container 1, has certain flexibility, can deform under a slight pressure, and can be made of materials such as ethylene and latex. The diaphragm has high sensitivity to pressure, and can improve the accuracy of pressure measurement.
Compared with the device in the embodiment 2, the structure can definitely determine the pore pressure as the measured pressure, the pore pressure comprises the pore water pressure and the pore air pressure, and the measurement precision is higher and the effect is better.
Example 5
On the basis of the embodiment 1, in order to accurately measure the pressure of soil in a soil body, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the sensing device 3 is a propeller 3-6, the propeller 3-6 comprises a housing 3-61 and a piston 3-62 arranged in the housing 3-61, the housing 3-61 is fixedly connected with the container 1, the piston 3-62 is inserted into the housing 3-61, one end of the piston 3-62, which is far away from the hydraulic sensor 2, bears the pressure of the soil body to be measured, the piston 3-62 which bears the pressure slides in the housing 3-61, and the piston 3-62 seals the liquid in the container 1 in a closed space. Preferably, the outer diameter of the piston 3-62 is equal to the inner diameter of the housing 3-61.
When the pressure of the soil acts on the piston 3-62, one end of the piston 3-62, which is far away from the hydraulic sensor 2, bears the pressure of the soil to be measured, the piston 3-62, which bears the pressure, slides in the shell 3-61, the piston 3-62 approaches to the direction of the hydraulic sensor 2 and acts on the liquid in the container 1, and the liquid sensor 2 measures the liquid pressure, so that the soil pressure is obtained. The soil body to be detected with the structure can be a saturated soil body or an unsaturated soil body containing pore water, and can also be a soil body without pore water.
In addition, as shown in fig. 9, in order to reduce the loss of the liquid in the container 1, a diaphragm 3-1 is provided between the pusher 3-6 and the container 1, and the diaphragm 3-1 and the hydraulic pressure sensor 2 seal the liquid filled in the container 1, and preferably, the diaphragm 3-1 has flexibility to be deformable to a slight pressure, and a material such as ethylene or latex may be used. The membrane 3-1 can seal the liquid in the container 1, and prevent the liquid in the container 1 from being evaporated and lost after the device is used for a long time, thereby prolonging the service life of equipment and ensuring the use precision of the device.
Preferably, the housing 3-61 and the piston 3-62 can be industrial cylinders, and the specific types can be as follows: SDA12X 10.
On the basis, as shown in fig. 7, a protective film 3-7 is arranged at one end of the piston 3-62 far away from the hydraulic sensor 2, the protective film 3-7 can be wrapped and fixed on the outer wall of the shell 3-61 or the outer wall of the container 1, and the protective film 3-7 can prevent soil from entering a gap between the shell 3-61 and the piston 3-62 and blocking the piston 3-62.
Compared with the device in the embodiment 3, the piston 3-62 is more sensitive to the change of the soil pressure, so that the measured soil pressure has real-time and dynamic characteristics, and the device has higher precision and sensitivity.
Example 6
The method for measuring the pressure of the soil, which uses the device for measuring the pressure of the soil, disclosed in any one of embodiments 1-5, comprises the following steps:
s1, statically placing a pressure measuring device for soil in the air according to an installation angle, not applying a load, and acquiring a pressure signal detected by a hydraulic sensor 2 to be an initial pressure value by a signal acquisition and transmission system 5;
the installation angle refers to the angle set by the device during installation after the device is buried in the soil body to be measured.
S2, placing the pressure measuring device in a soil body to be measured according to the angle in the S1;
wherein the container 1, the hydraulic sensor 2, the sensing device 3 and the protective shell 4 of the device are embedded in the soil body to be measured;
s3, sensing the pressure of the soil body to be detected by the sensing device 3 and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor 2 through the liquid filled in the cavity 1-1;
and S4, acquiring a pressure signal detected by the hydraulic sensor 2 by the signal acquisition and transmission system 5 to obtain a difference value between the actual measurement pressure value and the initial pressure value of the soil.
The pressure measuring method directly obtains the force in the detection process, does not need to calculate the force through the deformation amount, is not influenced by the deformation of the soil body, and has high pressure measuring precision.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The pressure measuring device for the soil is characterized by comprising a container (1), a hydraulic sensor (2), an induction device (3), a protective shell (4) and a signal acquisition and transmission system (5) for acquiring a pressure signal of the hydraulic sensor (2);
the two ends of the container (1) are open, a cavity (1-1) is formed inside the container, the hydraulic sensor (2) and the sensing device (3) are respectively arranged at the two open ends of the cavity (1-1) of the container (1), and the middle of the container is filled with liquid; one end of the hydraulic sensor (2) is an inner measuring end (1-2), and one end of the sensing device (3) is an outer sensing end (1-3); the hydraulic sensor (2) is used for measuring the liquid pressure in the container (1), and the sensing device (3) is used for sensing the external pressure and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor (2) through the liquid filled in the cavity (1-1);
the protective shell (4) is used for sealing the hydraulic sensor (2) in a closed space, the inner measuring end (1-2) and the hydraulic sensor (2) are arranged in the protective shell (4), and the outer sensing end (1-3) extends out of the protective shell (4).
2. The pressure measuring device for soil according to claim 1, wherein the container (1) is a straight pipe or a bent pipe.
3. The pressure measuring device for soil according to claim 1, wherein the container (1) is a constant diameter pipe or a variable diameter pipe; when the container (1) is a reducer pipe, the inner diameter of the reducer pipe is continuously changed, and the area of the end face of the outer sensing end (1-3) is larger than that of the end face of the inner measuring end (1-2).
4. Pressure measurement device for soil according to claim 1, characterised in that said sensing means (3) is a first sieve (3-2), said first sieve (3-2) being fixedly connected to the container (1) at an outer sensing end (1-3).
5. The pressure measuring device for soil according to claim 1, wherein the sensing device (3) is a diaphragm (3-1), and the diaphragm (3-1) is fixedly connected with the container (1) at an external sensing end (1-3); and the diaphragm (3-1), the hydraulic sensor (2) and the container (1) are matched to seal the liquid filled in the container (1) in the cavity (1-1) of the container (1).
6. The pressure measuring device for soil according to claim 5, characterized in that a collar (3-3) for transmitting pore pressure to the diaphragm (3-1) is arranged on one side of the diaphragm (3-1) far away from the hydraulic sensor (2), the collar (3-3) is fixedly connected with the container (1), and the collar (3-3) is filled with sand; one end, far away from container (1), of lantern ring (3-3) is provided with pressure-bearing plate (3-4) and second filter screen (3-5) that only allow liquid and gas to pass through, pressure-bearing plate (3-4) can bear the pressure of soil and do not warp, lantern ring (3-3) and pressure-bearing plate (3-4) are respectively to second filter screen (3-5) both sides, pressure-bearing plate (3-4) and second filter screen (3-5) all fixed connection are on lantern ring (3-3).
7. The pressure measuring device for soil according to claim 6, wherein the side of the pressure bearing plate (3-4) away from the diaphragm (3-1) is further provided with an iron net (3-8) for blocking the passage of soil.
8. The pressure measuring device for soil according to claim 1, wherein the sensing device (3) is a propeller (3-6), the propeller (3-6) comprises a housing (3-61) and a piston (3-62) arranged in the housing (3-61), the housing (3-61) is fixedly connected with the container (1), the piston (3-62) is slidably connected with the housing (3-61), and the piston (3-62) seals the liquid in the container (1) in a closed space; one end of the piston (3-62) far away from the hydraulic sensor (2) bears the pressure of the soil body to be measured, and the piston (3-62) bearing the pressure slides in the shell (3-61).
9. Pressure measuring device for soil according to claim 8, characterised in that the end of the piston (3-62) remote from the hydraulic sensor (2) is provided with a protective membrane (3-7).
10. A method for measuring soil pressure, comprising using the apparatus for measuring soil pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
s1, the pressure measuring device is placed in the air statically according to an installation angle, no load is applied, and a signal acquisition and transmission system (5) acquires a pressure signal detected by a hydraulic sensor (2), namely an initial pressure value;
s2, placing the pressure measuring device in a soil body to be measured according to the angle in the S1;
s3, sensing the pressure of the soil to be measured by the sensing device (3) and transmitting the pressure to the hydraulic sensor (2) through the liquid filled in the cavity (1-1);
and S4, acquiring a pressure signal detected by the hydraulic sensor (2) by the signal acquisition and transmission system (5), namely acquiring an actual measurement pressure value, so that the obtained soil pressure value is a difference value between the actual measurement pressure value and an initial pressure value.
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