CN115096140A - 一种多层功能导流式防护结构 - Google Patents

一种多层功能导流式防护结构 Download PDF

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CN115096140A
CN115096140A CN202210724634.6A CN202210724634A CN115096140A CN 115096140 A CN115096140 A CN 115096140A CN 202210724634 A CN202210724634 A CN 202210724634A CN 115096140 A CN115096140 A CN 115096140A
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李高伟
卢嘉伟
王显会
孙晓旺
彭兵
张进成
皮大伟
王洪亮
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明为一种多层功能导流式防护结构。包括面板，背板，功能层和功能层固定结构；面板和背板之间形成空间，功能层通过功能层固定结构固定在面板和背板形成的空间内，面板底面上设有多列平行设置的小孔；功能层包括气体导流板，聚氨酯泡沫和蜂窝板；气体导流板设有多个平行设置的长通孔，长通孔的位置和尺寸与面板上的每一列小孔分别对应，长通孔的下侧壁上设有多个分别与面板底面上的小孔相连通的短通孔。本发明将气体导流结构与“三明治”防雷组件结合，在拥有优异的抗爆炸冲击能力的同时可将炸药在爆轰阶段产生的高温高压气体有效地引导至车体两侧非薄弱空间，极大降低爆轰产物对军用车辆底部的损伤，并有助于加快车体在受冲击后的内能耗散。

Description

一种多层功能导流式防护结构
技术领域
本发明属于车辆防护领域，具体涉及一种多层功能导流式防护结构。
背景技术
军用车辆作为战场中重要的战略性武器，在陆地战场上的地位日益增强。近年来，战场上能够威胁军用车辆安全的因素日益增多，其中来自地雷及简易爆炸装置(IED)严重威胁了军用车辆的生存。炸药爆轰后会向外界周围媒质释放高温高压气体产物，急剧膨胀的爆轰产物会对车辆底部结构造成严重损伤，局部高温也会严重威胁乘员的生命安全，故有必要将爆轰气体产物的破坏作用纳入防雷组件的设计考虑。
传统的“三明治”结构防雷组件是一种较为成熟的抗爆炸冲击结构，其由上下两层平板和中间的芯层组成，底层面板承受冲击波作用后，将冲击载荷传递到填充可压溃材料(如专利CN 110823002中填充的气凝胶、泡沫铝、纳米吸能材料等)的芯层中，为主要吸能减震元件，位于顶层的背板缓冲剩余的冲击波能量。然而上述材料在吸收能量的过程中，高温高压气体产物持续作用，会致使材料在垂直于外力方向产生膨胀，严重影响组件防护性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多层功能导流式防护结构。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为：一种多层功能导流式防护结构，包括面板，背板，功能层和功能层固定结构；
面板的横截面为“U”型，“U”型板两侧设有水平设置的翻边，面板和背板之间形成空间，功能层通过功能层固定结构固定在面板和背板形成的空间内，面板底面上设有多列平行设置的小孔；
功能层包括从下到上设置的气体导流板，聚氨酯泡沫和蜂窝板；气体导流板设有多个平行设置的长通孔，长通孔的位置和尺寸与面板上的每一列小孔分别对应，长通孔的下侧壁上设有多个分别与面板底面上的小孔相连通的短通孔；当爆轰气流经面板上的小孔到达功能层时，首先逸入气体导流板，气体在膨胀的过程中通过气体导流板的长通孔流出至防护结构外侧。
进一步的，气体导流板底部方向的短通孔与面板底部的小孔分布位置与孔径大小一致，侧面长通孔与底部短通孔的孔径一致，与底部短通孔相交并贯通。
进一步的，功能层固定结构包括设置在面板两侧壁的槽钢，槽钢横截面呈“[”型，槽钢下底面和面板可拆卸连接，功能层的两侧通过槽钢固定。
进一步的，槽钢底面和上面均设有通孔，侧壁面设有减重孔，面板的翻边上设有减重孔；面板的翻边和背板连接，且设置在车辆需要防护部分的底部。
进一步的，面板作为整个防护结构的支承，采用屈服强度1300±100Mpa，抗拉强度1700±100Mpa的高强度钢板；
背板设置在面板上方，背板采用屈服强度980±50Mpa，抗拉强度1000±100Mpa的高强度钢板，背板相比面板具有更好的韧性。
进一步的，气体导流板厚度为50-60mm，聚氨酯泡沫填充厚度为30-40mm，蜂窝板的厚度为40-60mm。
进一步的，蜂窝板包括蜂窝层下面板，蜂窝结构钢和蜂窝层上面板；蜂窝结构钢通过胶接分别与蜂窝层上面板，蜂窝层下面板连接；蜂窝结构钢由正六边形胞元排列而成。
进一步的，蜂窝层上面板和蜂窝层下面板的材质为铝合金，蜂窝层上面板和蜂窝层下面板的厚度为1-2mm。
进一步的，聚氨酯泡沫底端与气体导流板胶接固定，聚氨酯泡沫顶端与蜂窝层下面板胶接固定。
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点在于：
(1)本发明的多层功能导流式防护结构，将气体导流结构与传统的“三明治”防雷组件结合进行设计，在拥有优异的抗爆炸冲击能力的同时可将炸药在爆轰阶段产生的高温高压气体有效地引导至车体两侧非薄弱空间，极大降低爆轰产物对军用车辆底部的损伤，并有助于加快车体在受冲击后的内能耗散。
(2)本发明的功能层采用多层复合结构设计，气体导流层可将爆轰产物导流至车体两侧，可最大限度地降低对车体的冲击；聚氨酯半硬泡层起减震吸能作用；蜂窝结构层以蜂窝结构钢为主要吸能材料，能够有效地吸收爆炸所产生的冲击能量；本发明结构设计紧凑，在有限的空间内实现了防护组件功能多元化。
(3)本发明的功能层固定件槽钢提高了整体结构的支撑刚度，使得功能层的多层结构更稳固，也有利于面板和气体导流层的定位，便于安装。
附图说明
图1本发明的防护结构三维示意图。
图2本发明气体导流板三维示意图。
图3本发明面板示意图。
图4本发明的槽钢安装位置示意图。
图5本发明功能层结构示意图。
图6本发明背板结构示意图。
图7本发明蜂窝结构层示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-背板，2-槽钢Ⅰ，3-面板，4-气体导流板，5-槽钢Ⅱ，6-聚氨酯泡沫，7-蜂窝层下面板，8-蜂窝结构钢，9-蜂窝层上面板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。
一种多层功能导流式防护结构，包括基础防护组件和功能层；
所述基础防护组件包括面板、背板以及用于功能层固定结构。
所述功能层包括气体导流板、聚氨酯泡沫层、蜂窝结构钢、设置在蜂窝结构钢上方的上面板和设置在蜂窝结构钢下方的下面板。
所述面板主体的横截面为“U”形，面板底部开有若干小孔，孔径大小为30-50mm；背板为方形板，面板与背板间形成一定的空间，在该空间内部设置功能层，面板与背板两端飞翼部分与车体连接。
所述面板与背板的材质为高强钢，底板的厚度比上板厚2-4mm，上板的厚度为7-10mm，所述面板的折弯处圆角过渡。
所述功能层固定结构包括设置在背板底部和面板上方的的左槽钢和右槽钢。
所述左槽钢和右槽钢相对侧开槽，所述功能层卡设在左槽钢和右槽钢的开槽内，所述功能层的高度与两个槽钢开槽内径相等。
所述左槽钢和右槽钢的上端通过螺栓与背板相连接，所述左槽钢和右槽钢的下端通过螺栓与面板相连接。
所述气体导流板主体为方形板，采用高强钢，其底部与侧面方向开有若干通孔；底部方向孔与面板底部的小孔分布位置与孔径大小一致，侧面方向孔与底部方向孔的孔径一致，与底部方向孔相交并贯通。
所述聚氨酯泡沫层，填充聚氨酯半硬泡材料，上方与蜂窝结构钢下面板胶接固定，下方与气体导流板顶部胶接固定。
所述蜂窝结构钢材料由多个正六边形胞元规则排列而成，所述上面板和下面板为铝合金材质，上面板和下面板厚度为1-2mm。
所述左槽钢、右槽钢的竖壁上均匀设有减重孔；所述面板的两侧用于连接的平板部分均匀设有减重孔。
实施例
如图1-7所示，一种多层功能导流式防护结构，包括基础防护组件和功能层，所述基础防护组件包括：面板3、背板1以及用于功能层固定的左槽钢5和右槽钢2。所述面板3作为整个防护结构的支承，采用屈服强度约1300Mpa，抗拉强度约1700Mpa的高强度钢板以抵抗爆炸冲击波，所述面板3底部开有若干小孔，当爆轰产物作用到面板1结构表面时，高温高压气体经由小孔逃逸至防护结构内部的功能层；所述左槽钢5和右槽钢2安装于面板3内部两侧位置，下端与面板3上端相对应位置各开有30个圆孔，使用螺栓将所述左槽钢5和右槽钢2与面板3连接；所述背板1设置在面板上方，与面板3共同形成足够的安装空间，采用屈服强度约980Mpa，抗拉强度约1000Mpa的高强度钢板，保证背板1有较强的韧性，防止防护结构发生贯穿对车体底部产生冲击，从而提高防护结构整体的防雷性能。
所述功能层包括：气体导流板4，聚氨酯泡沫6，蜂窝结构钢8以及设置在蜂窝上面板9和蜂窝结构钢下面板7。所述气体导流板4厚度为50-60mm，底端与面板3对应位置开有相同数量的盲孔，两侧均匀开有20个内径50mm的通孔；当爆轰气流经面板3上的小孔到达功能层时，会首先逸入所述气体导流板4，气体在膨胀的过程中会进一步通过气体导流板4两侧的通孔流出至防护结构外侧，即车体两侧，可防止高温产物持续性对车体底部造成损伤，极大地降低了高温气体涌入车辆内部地风险，保障车内人员的安全。
所述聚氨酯泡沫6填充厚度为30-40mm，非金属泡沫内部分布致密的孔穴，可以降低材料自身的波阻抗，利用孔穴的绕射屏蔽效应，来实现对应力波的抵抗，以达到削波抗震的目的；聚氨酯泡沫6底端与气体导流板4胶接固定，聚氨酯泡沫6顶端与蜂窝层下面板7胶接固定。
所述蜂窝结构钢8通过胶接分别与蜂窝层上面板9，蜂窝层下面板7连接，蜂窝层上面板9和蜂窝层下面板7与左槽钢5和右槽钢2紧密接触；蜂窝结构钢8厚度优选为50mm，由正六边形胞元排列而成，在爆炸冲击载荷下，正六边形蜂窝钢通过自身的压溃变形吸收爆炸能量进而缓冲爆炸冲击作用，减小车体结构变形量。
本发明防护结构可通过焊接或螺栓连接的方式安装在车辆底甲板下方，当地雷爆炸时，大量高温高压气体产物会首先作用到防护结构。爆轰气流经面板3上的小孔流入气体导流板4，经内部通道逃逸到防护结构两侧方向。聚氨酯泡沫层6凭借绕射屏蔽效应，抵抗冲击波，剩余的冲击波能量最后被位于聚氨酯泡沫层上方的蜂窝结构钢8进一步吸收，以达到降低车辆底部损伤的目的。

Claims (9)

1.一种多层功能导流式防护结构，其特征在于，包括面板(3)，背板(1)，功能层和功能层固定结构；
面板(1)的横截面为“U”型，“U”型板两侧设有水平设置的翻边，面板(1)和背板(1)之间形成空间，功能层通过功能层固定结构固定在面板和背板形成的空间内，面板(1)底面上设有多列平行设置的小孔；
功能层包括从下到上设置的气体导流板(4)，聚氨酯泡沫(6)和蜂窝板；气体导流板(4)设有多个平行设置的长通孔，长通孔的位置和尺寸与面板上的每一列小孔分别对应，长通孔的下侧壁上设有多个分别与面板底面上的小孔相连通的短通孔；当爆轰气流经面板(3)上的小孔到达功能层时，首先逸入气体导流板(4)，气体在膨胀的过程中通过气体导流板(4)的长通孔流出至防护结构外侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防护结构，其特征在于，气体导流板(4)底部方向的短通孔与面板底部的小孔分布位置与孔径大小一致，侧面长通孔与底部短通孔的孔径一致，与底部短通孔相交并贯通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防护结构，其特征在于，功能层固定结构包括设置在面板两侧壁的槽钢，槽钢横截面呈“[”型，槽钢下底面和面板可拆卸连接，功能层的两侧通过槽钢固定。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防护结构，其特征在于，槽钢底面和上面均设有通孔，侧壁面设有减重孔，面板(1)的翻边上设有减重孔；面板(3)的翻边和背板(1)连接，且设置在车辆需要防护部分的底部。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防护结构，其特征在于，面板(3)作为整个防护结构的支承，采用屈服强度1300±100Mpa，抗拉强度1700±100Mpa的高强度钢板；
背板(1)设置在面板上方，背板(1)采用屈服强度980±50Mpa，抗拉强度1000±100Mpa的高强度钢板，背板(1)相比面板具有更好的韧性。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防护结构，其特征在于，气体导流板(4)厚度为50-60mm，聚氨酯泡沫(6)填充厚度为30-40mm，蜂窝板的厚度为40-60mm。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防护结构，其特征在于，蜂窝板包括蜂窝层下面板(7)，蜂窝结构钢(8)和蜂窝层上面板(9)；蜂窝结构钢(8)通过胶接分别与蜂窝层上面板(9)，蜂窝层下面板(7)连接；蜂窝结构钢(8)由正六边形胞元排列而成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防护结构，其特征在于，蜂窝层上面板(9)和蜂窝层下面板(7)的材质为铝合金，蜂窝层上面板(9)和蜂窝层下面板(7)的厚度为1-2mm。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防护结构，其特征在于，聚氨酯泡沫(6)底端与气体导流板(4)胶接固定，聚氨酯泡沫(6)顶端与蜂窝层下面板(7)胶接固定。
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