CN115095092A - Construction method of slope surface step - Google Patents
Construction method of slope surface step Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115095092A CN115095092A CN202210874642.9A CN202210874642A CN115095092A CN 115095092 A CN115095092 A CN 115095092A CN 202210874642 A CN202210874642 A CN 202210874642A CN 115095092 A CN115095092 A CN 115095092A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
- E04G13/06—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall
- E04G13/062—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for stairs, steps, cornices, balconies, or other parts corbelled out of the wall for stairs or steps
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a slope surface step, which comprises the following steps: the template processing comprises a step beam slab template, a side template and a step riser template, wherein the step riser template is made of channel steel; step beam plate templates are laid, and a slope surface is formed after the step beam plate templates are laid; paving a side template; paying off a step kicking surface; binding the beam plate steel bars; positioning the supporting steel bars; step kick face template supporting, wherein an operator moves the step kick face template to a corresponding position, and the step kick face template corresponds to the step kick face paying-off position; fixing the step kicking face template, and welding the step kicking face template and the support steel bars for fixing; pouring concrete; curing the concrete; and (5) removing the template. The channel steel step riser formwork has high rigidity and strong deformation resistance, can resist larger concrete side pressure, can resist the side pressure of an auditorium step, does not need to pour concrete for multiple times, can be formed at one time, saves labor cost and saves construction period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of step construction, and particularly relates to a construction method of a slope step.
Background
With the acceleration of urbanization process, the construction projects of large-scale infrastructure are increasing day by day. Wherein, large public buildings and landmark building projects play an important role in improving urban images. Common spaces such as auditoriums and reporting halls generally exist in the functional layout of large public buildings, and the construction process of multiple formwork pouring molding is adopted for the construction of stepped steps in the halls at present. However, the traditional construction process has the following defects:
1. the rigidity of the template is low. The template adopts traditional plank sheathing, and the deformation is great, leads to concrete placement shaping back surface unevenness.
2. And the pouring efficiency is low. Wooden form intensity is low, and to cascaded auditorium step, the elevation risees gradually, if once pour, probably leads to wooden form board can not bear concrete lateral pressure and run the mould, therefore traditional wooden form board construction technology need many times segmentation pour can only pour the auditorium step and accomplish.
3. The reinforcement requirement is high. Traditional plank sheathing props up and establishes auditorium step template, provides higher requirement to the reinforcement of template.
4. The waste of the template is large. The auditorium step wooden template needs to be cut and processed for the whole template, so that the repeated utilization rate is low, and template materials are wasted.
5. The molding quality is poor. The traditional method for constructing the stepped steps of the auditorium has the defects of laggard multiple pouring processes, low efficiency, easy deformation and incapability of ensuring the quality of the formed concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and aims to provide a construction method of a slope surface step.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the construction method of the slope steps comprises the following steps: the template processing comprises a step beam slab template, a side template and a step riser template, wherein the step riser template is made of section steel; step beam slab templates are laid, and slope surfaces are formed after the step beam slab templates are laid; paving a side template; paying off the step kick surface, and paying off the step kick surface according to a design drawing so as to install a support steel bar and a step kick surface template in the subsequent process; binding beam plate reinforcing steel bars, wherein a plurality of beam plate reinforcing steel bars are arranged at intervals along the length direction and/or the width direction of the slope surface; positioning supporting steel bars, wherein a plurality of vertically arranged supporting steel bars are arranged on each beam plate steel bar at intervals, and the beam plate steel bars and the supporting steel bars form a steel bar grid; step kicking face template formwork, the operator moves the step kicking face template to the corresponding position, and corresponds to the step kicking face line releasing position; fixing the step kicking face template, and welding the bottom of the step kicking face template and the upper end of the support steel bar for fixing; pouring concrete; curing the concrete; and (5) removing the template.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the step kicking face template is made of channel steel, angle steel and rectangular steel pipes; when the step kicking face template adopts channel steel, the waist of the channel steel is vertically arranged, and the legs of the channel steel are positioned at the outer side of concrete; when the step skirting face template adopts angle steel, one side of the angle steel is vertically arranged, and the other side is positioned on the outer side of the concrete.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step beam slab formwork is a wooden formwork.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step beam slab formwork laying step, when the span of the slope surface is large, the step beam slab formwork is laid with attention to arching, and arching is performed by 1 to 3 permillage of the span.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the length of the step kick face formwork is less than the width of the slope, two or more profile steels are butt-welded and lengthened to form the step kick face formwork into a whole when the step kick face formwork is erected.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the step riser template is required to be rechecked between the step riser template fixing, specifically, the position and the flatness of the step riser template are checked by adopting a pull-through method, the flatness error of the step riser template is required to be not more than 2mm, and meanwhile, the top mark height of the step riser template is required to be checked to be less than 2 mm.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the concrete is poured in a bottom-up sequence and compacted by vibration.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the concrete curing adopts natural curing, the concrete is mixed within 8-12 hours after the concrete is poured, the natural curing is started, and the natural curing time is at least 7 days.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the natural curing comprises watering curing and plastic cloth film covering curing; when the plastic cloth film is adopted for covering and maintaining, the outer surface of the concrete is completely covered and tightly wrapped, and the plastic cloth film is ensured to have condensed water.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the formworks and the brackets cannot be stepped on or installed before the strength of the poured concrete reaches 1.2N/mm 2.
Compared with the prior art, the preferred embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the concrete is poured and formed at one time, so that the construction period is shortened. The profile steel step riser formwork is high in rigidity and strong in deformation resistance, can resist large concrete lateral pressure, and is enough to resist lateral pressure of auditorium steps, the auditorium steps do not need to be poured with concrete for multiple times, and the profile steel step riser formwork can be formed at one time, so that labor cost is saved, and the construction period is shortened.
2) Not easy to deform and good in flatness. The profile steel step skirting template is high in surface flatness and not prone to deformation, so that the concrete flatness of the side face of the auditorium step is guaranteed, and the concrete construction quality is improved.
3) Good weldability and strong integrity. Because shaped steel material has the weldability, can lengthen shaped steel welded connection, shaped steel welded connection has guaranteed the wholeness of step skirting template for the fixed of step skirting template is more convenient.
4) The recycling is realized, and the cost is saved. Shaped steel can realize the reuse of shaped steel material as step skirting template, and the use can be had enough to meet the need to step skirting template, and shaped steel can be retrieved after using up material saving.
5) High adaptability and strong universality. The height of the auditorium steps is 120mm in the engineering, so 12-type channel steel is adopted, the height is 120mm, according to 'hot rolled section steel' GBT706, the height range of national standard channel steel is from 50mm to 400mm, the height of any auditorium steps is completely adapted, the type of the channel steel can be determined according to the height of the designed auditorium steps, and the construction method has great universality.
6) The method is favorable for reinforcement and has obvious advantages. Compared with the traditional wood formwork, the section steel formwork has the advantage of being more advantageous in the aspect of reinforcing the step skirting face formwork. The traditional wood formwork is fixed by steel pipes, square timbers and other methods, the length of a single auditorium step is large, and the middle part of the formwork is not provided with a fixed point, so that the fixing is inconvenient; the profile steel template is positioned by the supporting steel bars, and the profile steel template and the supporting steel bars can be welded and fixed.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a slope step according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: step beam slab template 1, step skirting template 2, support bar 3, concrete 4.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "vertical", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The invention provides a construction method of a slope surface step, which is used for the following construction sequence: step template processing → step beam slab template laying → step skirting line-out → beam slab reinforcement → support reinforcement positioning → step skirting template formwork support → step skirting template extension → step skirting template rechecking → step skirting template fixing → side template laying → concrete pouring → concrete curing → template demolition.
In this embodiment, the auditorium is built for illustration, wherein the depth of the auditorium is 24.3m, the maximum span reaches 8260mm, the height of the auditorium steps is 120mm, and the transverse distance between two adjacent steps is 900mm-1000 mm.
The construction method comprises the following steps:
and S1, processing the templates, wherein the templates comprise a step beam slab template 1, a side template and a step riser template 2 as shown in figure 1. When the step skirt formwork 2 is made of channel steel, the waist of the channel steel is vertically arranged, and the legs of the channel steel are positioned outside the concrete 4; when the step skirting face template 2 adopts angle steel, one side of the angle steel is vertically arranged, and the other side is positioned outside the concrete 4. This embodiment explains with step skirting template 2 adoption channel-section steel, because auditorium step height is 120mm, and 12# channel-section steel height is 120mm, is the same with design auditorium step height. Therefore, the channel steel replaces a wooden template to completely meet the formwork supporting requirement of the step skirting face template 2 of the implemented engineering auditorium.
And S2, paving the step beam slab template 1 and the side templates to form a slope surface. Because the span of the hall part of the project is large, the maximum span reaches 8260mm, the arch camber needs to be noticed when the step beam slab template 1 is laid, and the arch camber is raised according to 1 per mill-3 per mill of the span.
S3, step kick surface line laying. After step beam slab template 1 is laid and is accomplished, carry out the unwrapping wire to auditorium step skirting face position according to the design drawing to follow-up installation support reinforcement 3 and step skirting face template 2 require the unwrapping wire accurate, and the stay wire reduces the error.
And S4, binding the beam plate steel bars, and arranging a plurality of beam plate steel bars (not shown in the figure) at intervals along the length and/or width direction of the slope surface. During binding, the specification of the beam plate reinforcing steel bars, the distance between the beam plate reinforcing steel bars and the anchoring length are required to meet the requirements of drawings and specifications, the thickness of the reinforcing steel bar protective layer is ensured, and the reinforcing steel bar protective layer is prevented from leaking buckles and binding buckle wires inwards to prevent the reinforcing steel bar protective layer from being corroded to pollute the outer surface of the concrete 4. Beam slab reinforcement is prior art, and its laying and tying are prior art and are not detailed here.
S5, positioning the supporting steel bars 3, arranging a plurality of vertically arranged supporting steel bars 3 on each beam plate steel bar at intervals, and forming a steel bar grid by the beam plate steel bars and the supporting steel bars 3. Step skirting template 2 needs the reinforcing bar network that vertical and horizontal reinforcing bar formed to support, and 3 net intervals of support reinforcing bar should be suitable, for example 2000mm interval, and 3 length of support reinforcing bar are 300mm, and support reinforcing bar 3 can the on-the-spot processing preparation. The supporting steel bar 3 is used for adjusting the elevation of the step skirting face template 2 and reinforcing and fixing the step skirting face template 2, the supporting steel bar 3 provides support for the bottom of the step skirting face template 2, and the elevation of the supporting steel bar needs to be accurately determined by using a level gauge.
S6, erecting the step kick face template 2, moving the step kick face template 2 to a corresponding position by an operator, corresponding to the step kick face paying-off position, and checking a pull-through line according to the paying-off position.
And S7, lengthening the step kick face template 2. Connect the long channel-section steel butt welding of 6000mm to lengthen, be favorable to step skirting template 2 to form wholly, it is fixed more easily, the welding requires to weld through along the channel-section steel full cross-section, after the welding is connected the length, the coplanar of channel-section steel plane. It should be noted that, for the convenience of transportation, the channel steel specification used is 12 types, 6000mm long, and in specific application, the channel steel of other length specifications can be used according to actual conditions, and the channel steel type needs to be confirmed according to the step height of specific engineering project.
And S8, rechecking the step kicking surface template 2. After the step kicking face template 2 is welded and lengthened, the position and the straightness of the step kicking face template 2 need to be checked, the method of a pull-through line is adopted for checking, the straightness error after the step kicking face template 2 is lengthened does not exceed 2mm, and meanwhile, the top standard height of the step kicking face template 2 needs to be checked, and the error is smaller than 2 mm.
S9, fixing the step riser formwork 2, and spot-welding the bottom of the step riser formwork 2 and the upper end of the support steel bar 3 to fix the step riser formwork 2, so that the reinforcing effect of the step riser formwork 2 is ensured, the step riser formwork 2 is ensured to resist the lateral pressure of the concrete 4, and the one-step pouring forming is ensured.
And S10, pouring concrete. Before concrete 4 pours, moisten the plank sheathing, debris clean up in the template, pouring of auditorium stepped step position need pour simultaneously with other positions of this floor, concrete 4's pouring order is from bottom to top to the vibration is closely knit.
And S11, curing the concrete. The concrete is naturally cured, the concrete curing scheme comprises watering curing and film covering curing, the natural curing is started before the concrete is finally set, namely within 8-12 hours after the concrete is poured, and the natural curing time is at least 7 days. The surface of the concrete needs to be ensured to be in a wet state, when the concrete is required to be maintained by adopting plastic film cloth, the outer surface of the concrete needs to be completely covered and tightly wrapped, and the plastic film cloth needs to be ensured to contain condensed water; and the template, the bracket and the like cannot be stepped on or installed before the strength of the cast concrete reaches 1.2N/mm 2.
And S12, removing the template. The removal of the step beam slab formwork 1 and the side formworks is the same as the prior art and is not detailed here; the channel-section steel is step skirting template 2, and the bottom of channel-section steel and the upper end spot welding location of support reinforcement 3 tap step skirting template 2 when demolising, make spot welding department disconnection, make step skirting template 2 break away from support reinforcement 3, and the concrete intensity when step skirting template 2 is demolishd should be able to guarantee that its surface and edges and corners do not receive the damage. It should be noted that, although the upper end surfaces of the supporting steel bars 3 are exposed outside after the step riser formwork 2 is removed, the decoration parts such as tiles and carpets can be laid on the hall steps, and the appearance is not affected.
The construction method is mainly applied to the step type step construction with the functions of large-space auditoriums and reporting halls, such as large-scale public buildings, hotels, commercial buildings, library buildings and the like. The method is particularly suitable for the condition that the step length is larger, and the method can be applied to the auditorium steps with the length more than 6 m.
The invention fully utilizes the excellent characteristics of steel, and replaces the traditional auditorium step wood formwork with the channel steel formwork, thereby providing quality assurance measures for various links of formwork support, construction and concrete forming of the auditorium step. The channel steel can be welded and lengthened, so that the template on the ground of the auditorium stepped step is convenient to fix, and the concrete pouring quality is guaranteed; the steel channel is large in rigidity and smooth in surface, and auditorium steps can be formed in a one-step pouring mode, so that the concrete forming quality can be conveniently controlled; the characteristic that the national standard channel steel section has a large height selectable range is utilized, and the adaptability and the universality of the construction mode are ensured. Therefore, the construction method is an advanced construction process method which can be popularized and duplicated.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "preferred embodiment," "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example" or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The construction method of the slope steps is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the template processing comprises a step beam slab template, a side template and a step riser template, wherein the step riser template is made of section steel;
step beam plate templates are laid, and the slope surface is formed after the step beam plate templates are laid;
paving a side template;
step riser paying-off, namely paying-off the step riser according to a design drawing so as to install supporting steel bars and a step riser template in the subsequent process;
binding beam plate reinforcing steel bars, wherein a plurality of beam plate reinforcing steel bars are arranged at intervals along the length direction and/or the width direction of a slope surface;
positioning support steel bars, wherein a plurality of vertically arranged support steel bars are arranged on each beam plate steel bar at intervals, and the beam plate steel bars and the support steel bars form a steel bar grid;
step kicking face template formwork, the operator moves the step kicking face template to the corresponding position, and corresponds to the step kicking face line releasing position;
fixing the step kicking face template, and welding the bottom of the step kicking face template and the upper end of the support steel bar for fixing;
pouring concrete;
curing the concrete;
and (5) removing the template.
2. The construction method of a slope surface step as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step riser formwork is made of channel steel, angle steel, rectangular steel pipe;
when the step kicking face template adopts channel steel, the waist of the channel steel is vertically arranged, and the legs of the channel steel are positioned at the outer side of concrete;
when the step skirting face template adopts angle steel, one side of the angle steel is vertically arranged, and the other side is positioned on the outer side of the concrete.
3. A method of constructing a slope step according to claim 1, wherein said step beam slab forms are timber forms.
4. The construction method of a slope surface step as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of laying the step beam slab formwork, when the span of the slope surface is large, the step beam slab formwork is laid with attention to arching, arching being performed by 1 to 3 per mill of the span.
5. The method for constructing a slope surface step according to claim 1, wherein when the length of the step kick surface formwork is less than the width of the slope surface, two or more section steels are butt-welded and lengthened to integrate the step kick surface formwork when the step kick surface formwork is erected.
6. A method of constructing a slope step according to claim 1, wherein the step riser formwork is rechecked between the step riser formwork and the step riser formwork, specifically, the position and the flatness of the step riser formwork are checked by a pull-through line method, the flatness error of the step riser formwork is required to be not more than 2mm, and the top gauge height of the step riser formwork is required to be checked to be less than 2 mm.
7. A method of constructing a slope step according to claim 1, wherein the concrete is poured in a bottom-up order and compacted by vibration.
8. The construction method of a slope surface step according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein natural curing is adopted for concrete curing, the concrete curing is started within 8 to 12 hours after the concrete is poured, and the natural curing time is at least 7 days.
9. A method of constructing a slope step according to claim 8, wherein said natural curing includes watering curing, plastic cloth film covering curing; when plastic cloth film is adopted for covering and curing, the outer surface of the concrete is completely covered and tightly packaged, and the plastic cloth film is ensured to have condensed water.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the form and the bracket are not stepped on or installed until the strength of the cast concrete reaches 1.2N/mm 2.
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| CN202210874642.9A CN115095092B (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Construction method of slope surface step |
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| CN202210874642.9A CN115095092B (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Construction method of slope surface step |
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