CN115093867A - High-value recovery system and recovery method for retired components - Google Patents

High-value recovery system and recovery method for retired components Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115093867A
CN115093867A CN202210699716.XA CN202210699716A CN115093867A CN 115093867 A CN115093867 A CN 115093867A CN 202210699716 A CN202210699716 A CN 202210699716A CN 115093867 A CN115093867 A CN 115093867A
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China
Prior art keywords
furnace
microwave
pyrolysis
microwave pyrolysis
conveyer
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Pending
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CN202210699716.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
钟犁
茹宇
屈志强
张茂龙
李昱喆
李楠
韩立鹏
马海员
袁野
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Huaneng Changjiang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Huaneng Group Technology Innovation Center Co Ltd
Beijing Huaneng Changjiang Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huaneng Changjiang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Huaneng Group Technology Innovation Center Co Ltd
Beijing Huaneng Changjiang Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Application filed by Huaneng Changjiang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd, Huaneng Group Technology Innovation Center Co Ltd, Beijing Huaneng Changjiang Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Huaneng Changjiang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202210699716.XA priority Critical patent/CN115093867A/en
Publication of CN115093867A publication Critical patent/CN115093867A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40Acidic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Provided are a high-value recovery system and a recovery method for retired components. The prior art does not utilize photovoltaic glass and silicon wafers with higher value in the assembly, so that the photovoltaic glass is damaged, and the resource level of integral recovery is reduced. The invention comprises the following components: microwave pyrolysis oven (7), subassembly emplacement platform (2), glass emplacement platform (8), microwave pyrolysis oven inside has microwave source (16), temperature probe (17), conveyer (5) in the stove is installed to its bottom, conveyer (4) and conveyer (6) behind stove before the entrance and the export of microwave pyrolysis oven are connected respectively, the entrance door and the exit door of microwave pyrolysis oven are connected with control cabinet (1) through the wire respectively, the microwave pyrolysis oven top has the exhanst gas outlet, install alkali lye sprayer (10) in the flue gas passageway of exhanst gas outlet, alkali lye sprayer passes through the flue gas passageway and is connected with quench cooler (11), quench cooler respectively with draught fan (12), oil water separator (13) are connected. The invention is used for a high-value recovery system of the retired component.

Description

High-value recovery system and recovery method for retired components
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of solid waste disposal, in particular to a high-value recycling system and a recycling method for retired components.
Background art:
in the process of low-carbon energy transformation, novel solid wastes generated in various new energy fields gradually attract the attention of the industry, and a photovoltaic cell module in the novel solid wastes has the characteristics of large volume, high treatment difficulty, tight large-scale retirement time and the like and is an urgent problem to be solved in the solid wastes treatment industry;
there are three main treatment techniques for the assembly at present:
the method is a cement kiln cooperative treatment technology, for a photovoltaic assembly, organic components are combusted after entering a cement kiln, the corrosion problem of fluorine and chlorine is inevitably caused, and simultaneously the components of a cement product can be changed and the quality of cement can be influenced;
secondly, classified recovery is carried out after mechanical crushing, the technology is low in cost and pollution-free, but the technology can only be used for downstream glass manufacturing industry in the form of raw materials due to the fact that glass with high value is crushed even various materials are recovered, and the resource recycling degree is not high;
the assembly can be treated by adopting a pyrolysis technology, but the conventional pyrolysis technology mainly comprises fluidized bed and rotary kiln pyrolysis, and although the pyrolysis efficiency is higher, the pyrolysis technology is similar to a mechanical crushing technology, and the damage of the photovoltaic glass is caused, so that the recycling level of the whole recovery is reduced;
in summary, in order to solve the problem of scale and efficient disposal of the photovoltaic module, it is urgently needed to develop a novel photovoltaic module processing technology and a supporting device.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a high-value recycling system and a recycling method for retired components, which adopt a microwave pyrolysis mode to uniformly and efficiently heat organic components contained in the components, ensure that the components are uniformly stressed and not damaged, realize complete separation and recycling of the components and improve the recycling level of recycling.
The above purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high value recovery system for retired components, comprising: microwave pyrolysis oven, subassembly mounting table, glass mounting table, inside microwave source, the temperature probe of having of microwave pyrolysis oven, the conveyer in the stove is installed to its bottom, the entry and the export of microwave pyrolysis oven are connected conveyer before the stove and conveyer behind the stove respectively, the entry door and the exit gate of microwave pyrolysis oven are connected with the control cabinet through the wire respectively, microwave pyrolysis furnace top portion flue gas outlet has, install alkali lye sprayer in the flue gas passageway of flue gas outlet, alkali lye sprayer pass through flue gas passageway and be connected with the quencher, the quencher be connected with draught fan, oil water separator respectively, oil water separator be connected with waste liquid jar, fluid jar respectively.
The retired module high-value recovery system is characterized in that a waste photovoltaic module to be recovered is placed on the upper surface of the module placement table, the module placement table is moved to a conveyor in front of a furnace through a first grabbing machine, the waste photovoltaic module to be recovered is sent into the microwave pyrolysis furnace, the glass placement table is placed on the side surface of the conveyor behind the furnace, the pyrolyzed module is conveyed by the conveyor behind the furnace, and the second grabbing machine moves to the glass placement table.
A high-value recovery system and a recovery method for retired components are disclosed, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a waste photovoltaic module on the upper surface of a module placement table, grabbing the waste photovoltaic module by a first grabbing machine and moving the waste photovoltaic module to a conveyor in front of a furnace, and simultaneously controlling a microwave pyrolysis furnace to open an entrance door by a control console so that the waste photovoltaic module is fed into the microwave pyrolysis furnace;
after entering the microwave pyrolysis furnace, the waste photovoltaic module is moved to the middle part of the microwave pyrolysis furnace by the conveyor in the furnace, at the moment, the control console controls the microwave source to start and emit microwaves, and the heating module carries out pyrolysis treatment; after pyrolysis is finished, the control console controls the microwave pyrolysis furnace to open the outlet door, the microwave pyrolysis furnace is moved out to the conveyor behind the furnace by the conveyor in the furnace, and then the outlet door is closed; the furnace rear conveyor conveys the pyrolysis product to the vicinity of a second grabbing machine, the second grabbing machine moves the pyrolysis product to the glass placing table, and the residual silicon material is manually transferred to a special storage place;
the flue gas that the pyrolysis process produced at first reacts with alkali lye spun by alkali lye sprayer and gets rid of the acidic material in the flue gas, then gets into the quencher and cools off fast and separate moisture and the pyrolysis oil in the flue gas, and the exhaust is drawn forth the evacuation by the draught fan to the tail gas, and the oil water mixture that separates gets into respectively and gets into waste liquid jar and fluid jar after oil water separator further separates.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention relates to a high-value recycling system and a recycling method for retired components, which adopt a microwave pyrolysis mode to uniformly and efficiently heat organic components contained in the components, ensure that the components are uniformly stressed and not damaged, realize complete separation and recycling of the components and effectively improve the recycling level of recycling.
2. In the invention, as organic components mainly absorb microwave energy in the pyrolysis process and materials such as photovoltaic glass, silicon wafers and the like absorb less energy, the overall energy consumption level of the system is lower, which is beneficial to ensuring the economy of the recovery process, and by arranging an oil liquid separation recovery and deacidification device, the pyrolysis oil recovery can be realized, the external emission of acid components in tail gas can be avoided, and the economy and environmental protection of the system are further improved.
3. The invention realizes high-level resource utilization while solving the problem of component disposal, obtains the unification of environmental benefit and economic benefit, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises a console, 2, a component placing table, 3, a first grabbing machine, 4, a furnace front conveyor, 5, a furnace inner conveyor, 6, a furnace rear conveyor, 7, a microwave pyrolysis furnace, 8, a glass placing table, 9, a second grabbing machine, 10, an alkali liquor ejector, 11, a quencher, 12, a draught fan, 13, an oil-water separator, 14, a waste liquor tank, 15, an oil tank, 16, a microwave source, 17 and a temperature probe.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
a high value recovery system for retired components, comprising: the device comprises a microwave pyrolysis furnace 7, an assembly mounting table 2 and a glass mounting table 8, wherein a microwave source 16 and a temperature probe 17 are arranged in the microwave pyrolysis furnace, an in-furnace conveyor 5 is arranged at the bottom of the microwave pyrolysis furnace, an inlet and an outlet of the microwave pyrolysis furnace are respectively connected with a front-furnace conveyor 4 and a rear-furnace conveyor 6, an inlet door and an outlet door of the microwave pyrolysis furnace are respectively connected with a control console 1 through leads, a flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the microwave pyrolysis furnace, an alkali liquor ejector 10 is arranged in a flue gas passage of the flue gas outlet, the alkali liquor ejector is connected with a quencher 11 through a flue gas passage, the quencher is respectively connected with an induced draft fan 12 and an oil-water separator 13, and the oil-water separator is respectively connected with a waste liquid tank 14 and an oil liquid tank 15;
the control console controls the power of the microwave pyrolysis furnace by controlling the emission power of the microwave source, and simultaneously detects the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace through the temperature probe so as to adjust the output power of the microwave source;
and heat-insulating materials including but not limited to aluminum silicate and rock wool are laid outside the microwave pyrolysis furnace.
An alkali liquor ejector is arranged in a flue gas passage between the flue gas outlet of the microwave pyrolysis furnace and the flue gas inlet of the quencher, and a nozzle of the alkali liquor ejector is positioned in the flue gas passage;
the conveyor in the furnace adopts a chain plate conveying mode, and a single chain plate is spliced into a honeycomb shape by a plurality of small metal pipes, so that the microwave shielding function is realized, the microwave leakage is avoided, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced;
the microwave source can emit electromagnetic waves with the frequency of 2000 MHz-8000 MHz, the emitted electromagnetic waves are absorbed by organic substances such as EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) glue, fluorine-containing back plates and the like in the photovoltaic module, organic components absorb the electromagnetic waves and then are converted into self heat energy, so that the organic components are efficiently and uniformly heated and pyrolyzed in an anaerobic environment in a furnace, the glass and a silicon wafer are uniformly stressed due to uniform heating, uniform expansion and uniform decomposition of the organic components, the inorganic cost of the module is completely reserved after pyrolysis is completed, and the separation of the photovoltaic glass and the silicon wafer is realized;
after the microwave source emits microwaves, the temperature of the whole environment in the furnace rises along with the microwave heating because substances absorb the microwaves, the temperature in the furnace is detected by the temperature probe and fed back to the control console to adjust the output power of the microwave source in time, the temperature level in the furnace is kept at 500-700 ℃, and therefore pyrolysis oil can be generated by organic components;
the lye ejected by the lye ejector includes but is not limited to sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution.
Example 2:
according to embodiment 1, the high-value recycling system for the retired module is characterized in that the waste photovoltaic modules to be recycled are placed on the upper surface of the module placement table and are moved to the front-furnace conveyor through the first grabbing machine 3, the waste photovoltaic modules to be recycled are sent into the microwave pyrolysis furnace, the glass placement table is placed on the side surface of the rear-furnace conveyor, the pyrolyzed modules are conveyed by the rear-furnace conveyor, and the modules are moved to the glass placement table 8 through the second grabbing machine 9.
Example 3:
the method of reclaiming a decommissioned component high value reclamation system as described in embodiment 1, the method comprising the steps of:
firstly, placing a waste photovoltaic module on the upper surface of a module placement table, grabbing the waste photovoltaic module by a first grabbing machine and moving the waste photovoltaic module to a conveyor in front of a furnace, and simultaneously controlling a microwave pyrolysis furnace to open an entrance door by a control console so that the waste photovoltaic module is fed into the microwave pyrolysis furnace;
after entering the microwave pyrolysis furnace, the waste photovoltaic modules are moved to the middle of the microwave pyrolysis furnace by the conveyor in the furnace, at the moment, the control console controls the microwave source to start and emit microwaves, and the heating modules perform pyrolysis treatment; after pyrolysis is finished, the control console controls the microwave pyrolysis furnace to open the outlet door, the microwave pyrolysis furnace is moved out to the conveyor behind the furnace by the conveyor in the furnace, and then the outlet door is closed; the furnace rear conveyor conveys the pyrolysis product to the vicinity of a second grabbing machine, the second grabbing machine moves the pyrolysis product to the glass placing table, and the residual silicon material is manually transferred to a special storage place;
the flue gas that the pyrolysis process produced at first reacts with alkali lye spun by alkali lye sprayer and gets rid of the acidic material in the flue gas, then gets into the quencher and cools off fast and separate moisture and the pyrolysis oil in the flue gas, and the exhaust is drawn forth the evacuation by the draught fan to the tail gas, and the oil water mixture that separates gets into respectively and gets into waste liquid jar and fluid jar after oil water separator further separates.

Claims (3)

1. A high value recovery system for retired components, comprising: microwave pyrolysis oven, subassembly platform, glass platform of placeeing, characterized by: microwave pyrolysis oven inside microwave source, temperature probe have, conveyer in the stove is installed to its bottom, microwave pyrolysis oven's entry and export are connected conveyer before the stove and conveyer behind the stove respectively, microwave pyrolysis oven's entry door and export door are connected with the control cabinet through the wire respectively, microwave pyrolysis oven top have the exhanst gas outlet, install alkali lye sprayer in the flue gas access of exhanst gas outlet, alkali lye sprayer pass through the flue gas access and be connected with the quencher, the quencher be connected with draught fan, oil water separator respectively, oil water separator be connected with waste liquid jar, fluid jar respectively.
2. The decommissioned component high value recycling system according to claim 1, wherein: the subassembly arrangement bench surface place the old and useless photovoltaic module who treats recovery processing to remove to the conveyer in front of the furnace through first snatch machine, and send into the old and useless photovoltaic module who treats recovery processing microwave pyrolysis oven in, the conveyer side place behind the furnace glass arrangement bench, the subassembly after the pyrolysis by conveyer transport behind the furnace, remove by the second snatch machine and extremely glass arrangement bench.
3. A method of reclaiming a decommissioned component high value reclamation system as recited in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a waste photovoltaic module on the upper surface of a module placement table, grabbing the waste photovoltaic module by a first grabbing machine and moving the waste photovoltaic module to a conveyor in front of a furnace, and simultaneously controlling a microwave pyrolysis furnace to open an entrance door by a control console so that the waste photovoltaic module is fed into the microwave pyrolysis furnace;
after entering the microwave pyrolysis furnace, the waste photovoltaic module is moved to the middle part of the microwave pyrolysis furnace by the conveyor in the furnace, at the moment, the control console controls the microwave source to start and emit microwaves, and the heating module carries out pyrolysis treatment; after pyrolysis is finished, the control console controls the microwave pyrolysis furnace to open the outlet door, the microwave pyrolysis furnace is moved out to the conveyor behind the furnace by the conveyor in the furnace, and then the outlet door is closed; the furnace rear conveyor conveys the pyrolysis product to the vicinity of a second grabbing machine, the second grabbing machine moves the pyrolysis product to the glass placing table, and the residual silicon material is manually transferred to a special storage place;
the flue gas that the pyrolysis process produced at first reacts with alkali lye spun by alkali lye sprayer and gets rid of the acidic material in the flue gas, then gets into the quencher and cools off fast and separate moisture and the pyrolysis oil in the flue gas, and the exhaust is drawn forth the evacuation by the draught fan to the tail gas, and the oil water mixture that separates gets into respectively and gets into waste liquid jar and fluid jar after oil water separator further separates.
CN202210699716.XA 2022-06-20 2022-06-20 High-value recovery system and recovery method for retired components Pending CN115093867A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210699716.XA CN115093867A (en) 2022-06-20 2022-06-20 High-value recovery system and recovery method for retired components

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CN115093867A true CN115093867A (en) 2022-09-23

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113732013A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-03 昆明理工大学 Microwave catalytic treatment method for waste photovoltaic module and silicon-carbon composite material obtained by microwave catalytic treatment method
CN114378099A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-22 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Microwave pyrolysis-based retired photovoltaic module efficient thermal stratification system and method
CN114410320A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-29 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis treatment cooperative full-component recovery method and system
CN114505329A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-05-17 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Decommissioning photovoltaic module disassembling method based on low-temperature pyrolysis

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113732013A (en) * 2021-08-27 2021-12-03 昆明理工大学 Microwave catalytic treatment method for waste photovoltaic module and silicon-carbon composite material obtained by microwave catalytic treatment method
CN114378099A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-22 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Microwave pyrolysis-based retired photovoltaic module efficient thermal stratification system and method
CN114410320A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-29 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Retired photovoltaic module pyrolysis treatment cooperative full-component recovery method and system
CN114505329A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-05-17 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Decommissioning photovoltaic module disassembling method based on low-temperature pyrolysis

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