CN115090715A - High-toughness complex curved surface structure aluminum alloy casting thermal state mechanical correction device and method - Google Patents
High-toughness complex curved surface structure aluminum alloy casting thermal state mechanical correction device and method Download PDFInfo
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- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/10—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts between rams and anvils or abutments
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface structure aluminum alloy casting thermal state mechanical correction device and a method, wherein the thermal state mechanical correction device comprises a position correction frame, the solution quenching heat preservation and aging heat preservation heat treatment process of an alloy material is optimized and adjusted, the mechanical strength and plastic toughness of the alloy material can be further improved, the device and the method are used for short-period low-cost precision casting and heat treatment forming of the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure of military equipment, and the economic benefit is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of casting and colored casting alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness thermal-state mechanical correction device and method for an aluminum alloy casting with a complex curved surface structure.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength/rigidity, good corrosion resistance, good plasticity, excellent processing performance, good welding performance, excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and is widely applied to the field of military equipment. The aluminum alloy can be mainly divided into wrought aluminum alloy and cast aluminum alloy according to the processing technology, wherein the cast aluminum alloy has good process flow property and medium load bearing capacity, and is widely applied to the manufacture of products such as missile shells, oil-carrying cabin shells, engine accessory casings, engine oil-way pipelines, automobile engine cylinder bodies, automobile engine cylinder covers and the like.
The cast aluminum alloy has low mechanical property in an as-cast state, and is often subjected to T5/T6 strengthening and toughening heat treatment in actual use so as to improve the mechanical strength and the plastic toughness of the metal material. When the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure is subjected to solution quenching heat treatment in T5/T6, large quenching thermal stress is easy to generate due to uneven quenching heating, the wall thickness of the casting is thin, the structural rigidity of a metal material in a solid solution state is insufficient, warping or bending deformation is easy to generate in the solid solution quenching stage, and quenching hot cracking scrap is directly generated in the serious stage; therefore, the correction treatment is often required after the casting is solution quenched.
Disclosure of Invention
Researches show that the aluminum alloy castings with complex curved surface structures are complex in structural shapes and the structural design forms of all the aluminum alloy castings are complex and changeable, the traditional correction devices are usually designed and processed according to the structures of single-variety aluminum alloy castings, the applicability of the correction devices is poor, multiple sets of correction devices are usually required to be put into production when multiple-variety small-batch aluminum alloy castings with complex curved surface structures are organized, the equipment investment is large, and serious fund waste is caused. In addition, the traditional mechanical correction only carries out mechanical correction on the casting after the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure is subjected to solution quenching, the structural rebound deformation and quenching residual stress elimination of the casting are not considered too much, so that the size of the mechanically corrected aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure after the solution quenching does not meet the requirement of design technical indexes, the secondary quenching stress release of the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure in the aging heat treatment heat preservation process causes larger deviation of the size of the casting, the mechanical strength and the hardness of a metal material tend to peak values after the aging heat treatment is finished, the size of the casting is difficult to be corrected by a mechanical correction method, and stress cracks are easy to occur when the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure is subjected to room-temperature mechanical correction.
The invention provides a thermal-state mechanical correction device and method for an aluminum alloy casting with a high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface structure, aiming at reducing quenching heat treatment deformation of the aluminum alloy casting with the high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface structure and effectively eliminating or reducing quenching residual stress of the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure. The invention designs a universal thermal-state mechanical correction device aiming at the current demand situation of various small-batch high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface structure aluminum alloy castings. After the thermal state mechanical correction, the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure is subjected to vibration aging stress relief treatment, so that the quenching residual stress of the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure can be reduced, the dimensional precision of the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure is improved, and the mechanical strength and the plastic toughness of a metal material are effectively improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thermal state mechanical correction device comprises a thermal treatment supporting base, a correction frame positioning clamping plate, a correction frame connecting nut, a correction frame connecting screw rod, a correction end conformal pressing block, a correction end connecting rod, a correction end bearing pressing plate, a correction end limiting plate connecting nut, a correction end limiting plate connecting screw rod, a fixed end conformal pressing block, a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut, a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod, a fixed end outer limiting block, a fixed end limiting screw rod stopping plate limiting nut, a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut;
the position correcting frame comprises a lower position correcting frame, a middle position correcting frame and an upper position correcting frame;
the positioning clamping plates of the position correcting frame comprise a lower positioning clamping plate of the position correcting frame and a middle positioning clamping plate of the position correcting frame;
the middle position correcting frame is positioned above the lower position correcting frame and is connected with the lower position correcting frame through a positioning clamping plate of the lower position correcting frame, and the upper position correcting frame is positioned above the middle position correcting frame and is connected with the middle position correcting frame through a positioning clamping plate of the middle position correcting frame;
the position correcting frame is a regular polygon formed by a first frame and a second frame;
the lower position correcting frame is positioned at the outer edge of the heat treatment supporting base, and the lower position correcting frame is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base through a position correcting frame connecting nut and a position correcting frame connecting screw rod;
the correcting end limiting plate is positioned at the outer edge of the first edge frame of the correcting frame and is in threaded connection with the first edge frame of the correcting frame through a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut and a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod;
the correcting end shape-following pressing block is connected with a correcting end bearing pressing plate through a correcting end connecting rod, the correcting end connecting rod penetrates through a first frame of the correcting frame, the correcting end shape-following pressing block is close to the inner edge side of the first frame of the correcting frame, and the correcting end bearing pressing plate is close to the outer edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame;
the fixed end outer limiting block is positioned at the outer edge of the second frame of the position correcting frame, and is in threaded connection with the second frame of the position correcting frame through a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut;
the fixed end inner limiting plate is positioned at the inner edge of the second frame of the position correcting frame, and the fixed end inner limiting plate is in threaded connection with the second frame of the position correcting frame through a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut and a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod;
the stiff end is followed shape briquetting and is ended the position board and stiff end limit screw and end limit screw ends the position board stop nut and link to each other, just stiff end limit screw passes the second frame of school position frame, the stiff end is followed shape briquetting and is close to the second frame inner fringe side of school position frame, stiff end limit screw ends the position board and stiff end limit screw ends the second frame outer fringe side that position board stop nut is close to school position frame.
The invention also provides a method for the thermal-state mechanical correction of the aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the following steps:
(i) fixing the aluminum alloy casting subjected to solution quenching treatment in the thermal-state mechanical correcting device;
(ii) adjusting a fixed end limiting screw rod in the thermal state mechanical correction device, controlling the gap distance between a fixed end conformal pressing block and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting, pushing a correction end bearing pressing plate, and enabling the correction end conformal pressing block to be tightly attached to the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting;
then, the thermal-state mechanical correction device is placed in the middle of a lower pressure table and an upper pressure table of the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press is started to synchronously act on a correction end bearing plate and a fixed end outer limiting block farthest away from the correction end bearing plate, and thermal-state mechanical correction on a specific area of the aluminum alloy casting is completed;
after all the correcting end bearing plates and the fixed end outer limiting blocks at the symmetrical positions are subjected to thermal state mechanical correction by adopting a hydraulic machine, the aluminum alloy casting is rotated by 360/N degrees in the vertical direction, and the steps are repeated, so that the thermal state mechanical correction of the whole area of the aluminum alloy casting can be completed, wherein the number of the repeated steps is N/2, and N is the number of edges of the correcting frame.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface aluminum alloy casting, which is characterized by comprising the step of carrying out thermal-state mechanical correction on the aluminum alloy casting by using the thermal-state mechanical correction device, wherein the thermal-state mechanical correction method is as described above.
The invention also provides a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure, which is prepared by the method.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the traditional correction process and device, the thermal-state mechanical correction device prepared by the invention has wide applicability, can be used for thermally-state mechanical correction of various high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy castings with complex curved surface structures, does not need to be provided with excessive correction devices, and has small equipment investment and small capital occupation. Furthermore, after the solution quenching heat treatment and the thermal state mechanical correction, a vibration aging stress relief treatment process is introduced, so that the quenching residual stress of the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure can be further reduced on the basis of stabilizing the thermal state mechanical correction size, and the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure is prevented from generating larger size deformation due to secondary release of the quenching residual stress in the aging heat preservation heat treatment stage. In conclusion, the solution quenching heat preservation and aging heat preservation heat treatment process of the alloy material is optimized and adjusted, the mechanical strength and the plastic toughness of the alloy material can be further improved, the alloy material is used for short-period low-cost precision casting and heat treatment forming of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy castings with complex curved surface structures of military equipment, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal mechanical correction device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structural positioning of the transition section metal shell casting of example 3 using a thermal state mechanical corrective device.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the structural positioning of the transition section metal shell casting of example 3 using a thermal state mechanical corrective device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the structural positioning of the transition section metal shell casting of example 3 using a thermal state mechanical corrective device.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a tail section metal shell casting prepared in example 4.
FIG. 6 is a comparison of residual stress testing of the same part of the end section metal shell casting prepared in example 4 using a conventional calibration process and the thermal state mechanical calibration process of example 4.
Reference numerals: 1 is a heat treatment supporting base, 2 is an excitation motor, 3 is a lower correcting frame, 4 is a correcting frame connecting nut, 5 is a correcting frame connecting screw rod, 6 is a correcting end conformal pressing block, 7 is a correcting end connecting rod, 8 is a correcting end bearing pressing plate, 9 is a correcting end limiting plate, 10 is a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut, 11 is a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod, 12 is a fixed end conformal pressing block, 13 is a fixed end inner limiting plate, 14 is a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut, 15 is a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod, 16 is a fixed end outer limiting plate, 17 is a fixed end limiting screw rod, 18 is a fixed end limiting screw rod stopping plate, 19 is a fixed end limiting screw rod stopping plate limiting nut, 20 is a fixed end outer limiting plate fastening screw rod, 21 is a fixed end outer limiting plate fastening nut, 22 is a lower correcting frame positioning clamping plate, 23 is an aluminum alloy casting, 24 is a middle correcting frame, 25 is a middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate, 26 is an upper position correcting frame, 27 is a lower pressure table, and 28 is an upper pressure table.
Detailed Description
< thermal mechanical correction device >
A thermal state mechanical correction device comprises a heat treatment supporting base 1, a position correcting frame positioning clamping plate, a position correcting frame connecting nut 4, a position correcting frame connecting screw rod 5, a correcting end conformal pressing block 6, a correcting end connecting rod 7, a correcting end bearing plate 8, a correcting end limiting plate 9, a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut 10, a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11, a fixed end conformal pressing block 12, a fixed end inner limiting plate 13, a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14, a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15, a fixed end outer limiting block 16, a fixed end limiting screw rod 17, a fixed end limiting screw rod stopping plate 18, a fixed end limiting screw rod stopping plate limiting nut 19, a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod 20 and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut 21;
the position correcting frames comprise a lower position correcting frame 3, a middle position correcting frame 24 and an upper position correcting frame 26;
the position correcting frame positioning clamping plate comprises a lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 22 and a middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25;
the middle position correcting frame 24 is positioned above the lower position correcting frame 3 and is connected with the lower position correcting frame through a lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 22, and the upper position correcting frame 26 is positioned above the middle position correcting frame 24 and is connected with the middle position correcting frame through a middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25;
the position correcting frame is a regular polygon formed by a first frame and a second frame;
the lower position correcting frame 3 is positioned at the outer edge of the heat treatment supporting base 1, and the lower position correcting frame 3 is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base 1 through a position correcting frame connecting nut 4 and a position correcting frame connecting screw rod 5;
the correcting end limiting plate 9 is positioned at the outer edge of the first side frame of the correcting frame, and the correcting end limiting plate 9 is in threaded connection with the first side frame of the correcting frame through a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11;
the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is connected with the correcting end bearing pressing plate 8 through a correcting end connecting rod 7, the correcting end connecting rod 7 penetrates through a first frame of the correcting frame, the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is close to the inner edge side of the first frame of the correcting frame, and the correcting end bearing pressing plate 8 is close to the outer edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3;
the fixed end outer limiting block 16 is positioned at the outer edge of the second frame of the position correcting frame, and the fixed end outer limiting block 16 is in threaded connection with the second frame of the position correcting frame through a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod 20 and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut 21;
the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is positioned at the inner edge of the second frame of the positioning frame, and the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is in threaded connection with the second frame of the positioning frame through a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15;
the stiff end is followed shape briquetting 12 and is ended the position board 18 and stiff end stop plate limit nut 19 through stiff end limit screw 17, stiff end limit screw and link to each other, just stiff end limit screw 17 passes the second frame of school position frame, stiff end is followed shape briquetting 12 and is close to the second frame inner edge side of school position frame, stiff end limit screw ends position board 18 and stiff end limit screw and ends position board limit nut 19 and be close to the second frame outer edge side of school position frame.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the thermal-state mechanical correction device is used for thermal-state mechanical correction of the aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the material of the heat treatment supporting base 1 is medium carbon steel, cast iron or stainless steel.
The heat treatment supporting base 1 is in a wheel shape, the periphery of the heat treatment supporting base is provided with an annular groove, and a radiation linear structure is arranged in the annular groove; the single-side thickness of the annular groove is more than or equal to 20 mm; the number of the radiant rays is 4-8, the width of the radiant line-shaped structure is more than or equal to 60mm, and the height of the radiant line-shaped structure is more than or equal to 40 mm.
The annular groove is in contact with the bottom surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the positioning frame is a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, a regular decagon or a regular dodecagon formed by the first frame and the second frame.
The number of the first frames of the position correcting frame is the same as the number of the second frames of the position correcting frame, the first frames are connected, and the second frames are connected.
The material of the position correcting frame is low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel or stainless steel.
The thickness of the first frame and the second frame of the position correcting frame is larger than or equal to 30mm, and the height of the first frame and the second frame of the position correcting frame is larger than or equal to 120 mm.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the positioning clamping plate of the position correcting frame is made of low-carbon steel or medium-carbon steel.
The positioning clamping plate of the positioning frame is superposed with the top centers of the first frame and the second frame of the positioning frame.
The thickness of the positioning clamping plate of the positioning frame is more than or equal to 30 mm.
The number of the positioning clamping plates of the position correcting frame is 1/2 of the number of the edges of the position correcting frame.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the lower positioning frame positioning clamping plates 22 are arranged above the first frame and the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3 at intervals.
The lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 22 is superposed with the top centers of the first frame and the second frame of the lower position correcting frame 3.
The number of the lower positioning clamping plates 22 is 1/2 of the sum of the number of the first frames and the number of the second frames of the lower positioning frame 3.
The middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plates 25 are arranged above the first frame and the second frame of the lower position correcting frame 24 at intervals.
The middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25 is superposed with the top centers of the first frame and the second frame of the lower position correcting frame 24.
The number of the middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plates 25 is 1/2 which is the sum of the number of the first frames and the number of the second frames of the middle position correcting frame 24.
The lower calibration frame 3, the middle calibration frame 24 and the upper calibration frame 26 have the same structure.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the lower alignment frame 3 and the heat treatment support base 1 are arranged in concentric circles.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the position correction frame connecting nut 4 and the position correction frame connecting screw rod 5 are made of low-carbon steel or stainless steel.
The first frame of each position correcting frame is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base 1 through two position correcting frame connecting nuts 4 and two position correcting frame connecting screw rods 5; the second frame of each position correcting frame is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base 1 through two position correcting frame connecting nuts 4 and two position correcting frame connecting screw rods 5.
The circle centers of the position correction frame connecting nut 4 and the position correction frame connecting screw rod 5 are overlapped and have the same number.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the correcting end follower block 6, the correcting end connecting rod 7 and the correcting end bearing plate 8 are made of stainless steel or die steel.
The circle centers of the correction end shape following pressing block 6, the correction end connecting rod 7 and the correction end bearing plate 8 are superposed and have the same number.
The number of the correcting end follow-up pressing blocks 6, the correcting end connecting rods 7 and the correcting end bearing plates 8 is the same as that of the first frames of the correcting frames.
The shape of the correction end-conforming compact 6 is not particularly defined, and is, for example, circular or square.
The surface area of the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is more than or equal to 30000mm 2 The thickness is more than or equal to 30 mm.
The diameter of the correction end connecting rod 7 is more than or equal to 40 mm.
The length of the correcting end bearing plate 8 is more than or equal to 200mm, the width is more than or equal to 100mm, and the thickness is more than or equal to 60 mm.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the number of the correcting end limiting plates 9 is the same as that of the first frames of the correcting frames.
The correcting end limiting plate 9 is superposed with the center of the first frame of the correcting frame.
The material of the correcting end limiting plate 9 is medium carbon steel or stainless steel.
And a T-shaped groove structure is arranged in the correcting end limiting plate 9.
The T-shaped groove structure is matched with the correction end connecting rod 7 and the correction end bearing plate 8.
The length of the correcting end limiting plate 9 is more than or equal to 300mm, the width is more than or equal to 160mm, and the thickness is more than or equal to 100 mm.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the material of the correcting end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and the correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11 is medium carbon steel or stainless steel.
The circle centers of the correction end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and the correction end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11 are overlapped and have the same number.
Each correction end limiting plate 9 is in threaded connection with a correction end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11 through two correction end limiting plate connecting nuts 10.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the centers of the fixed end conformal pressing block 12, the fixed end limiting screw 17, the fixed end limiting screw stop plate 18 and the fixed end limiting screw stop plate stop nut 19 are overlapped and have the same number.
The fixed end shape following pressing block 12, the fixed end limit screw 17, the fixed end limit screw stop plate 18 and the fixed end limit screw stop plate limit nut 19 are made of low carbon steel or die steel.
The shape of the fixed-end compact 12 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, circular or square.
The surface area of the fixed end conformal pressing block 12 is more than or equal to 20000mm 2 The thickness is more than or equal to 30 mm.
The diameter of the fixed end limiting screw 17 is more than or equal to 50mm, and the thread pitch is less than or equal to 1.0 mm.
The length of the fixed end limiting screw stop plate 18 is more than or equal to 60mm, the width is more than or equal to 40mm, and the thickness is more than or equal to 30 mm.
The thickness of the limiting nut 19 of the limiting plate of the limiting screw rod at the fixed end is more than or equal to 40mm, and the thread pitch is less than or equal to 1.0 mm.
And the limit nut 19 of the stop plate of the fixed end limit screw is in threaded connection with the fixed end limit screw 17, and the height of the two in threaded connection is lower than the outer surface of the outer limit block 16 of the fixed end.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the number of the fixed end inner limiting plates 13 is the same as that of the second frames of the position correcting frame.
The fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is superposed with the center of the second frame of the position correcting frame.
The material of the limiting plate 13 in the fixed end is low carbon steel or stainless steel.
And the fixed end inner limit plate 13 is in contact with the fixed end limit screw rod 17.
The length of the limiting plate 13 in the fixed end is more than or equal to 200mm, the width of the limiting plate is more than or equal to 120mm, and the thickness of the limiting plate is more than or equal to 30 mm.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the circle centers of the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15 are overlapped and have the same number.
Each fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is screwed with two fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nuts 14 and two fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screws 15.
The fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15 are made of medium carbon steel, die steel or stainless steel.
The diameter of the limiting plate connecting screw 15 in the fixed end is more than or equal to 30mm, and the length of the limiting plate connecting screw is less than or equal to 80 mm.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the fixed end outer stoppers 16 is the same as the number of the second frames of the position correcting frame.
The outer limiting block 16 of the fixed end coincides with the center of the second frame of the position correcting frame.
The outer limiting block 16 of the fixed end is made of medium carbon steel or stainless steel.
A T-shaped groove structure is arranged in the fixed end outer limiting block 16.
The T-shaped groove structure is matched with the fixed end limit screw 17 and the fixed end limit screw stop plate 18.
The length of the fixed end outer limiting block 16 is more than or equal to 300mm, the width is more than or equal to 160mm, and the thickness is more than or equal to 100 mm.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw 20 and the fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut 21 are made of medium carbon steel or stainless steel.
The centers of circles of the fixed end outer limit block fastening screw rod 20 and the fixed end outer limit block fastening nut 21 are overlapped and are the same in quantity.
Each fixed end outer limiting block 16 is screwed with two fixed end outer limiting block fastening nuts 21 through two fixed end outer limiting block fastening screws 20, and the height after screwing is lower than the outer surface of the fixed end outer limiting block 16.
The diameter of the fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod 20 is less than or equal to 40mm, and the length of the fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod is less than or equal to 50 mm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the device is placed on a hydraulic machine, preferably between a lower pressure table 27 and an upper pressure table 28 of the hydraulic machine.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the apparatus further comprises a shock motor 2, the shock motor 2 being located above the heat treatment support base 1.
The vibration excitation motor 2 is arranged for providing vibration for the aluminum alloy casting 23, so that the vibration aging stress relief processing step can be completed conveniently.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the excitation motor 2 is positioned right above the heat treatment supporting base 1 and is overlapped with the center of the heat treatment supporting base 1.
< method for constructing thermal mechanical calibration apparatus >
The invention also provides a construction method of the thermal state mechanical correction device, which comprises the following steps:
(a) optionally placing the excitation motor 2 right above the heat treatment supporting base 1 to ensure that the circle centers of the excitation motor 2 and the heat treatment supporting base 1 are superposed;
(b) placing an aluminum alloy casting 23 on the heat treatment supporting base 1, and placing a lower positioning frame 3 on the outer edge of the heat treatment supporting base 1, wherein the aluminum alloy casting and the lower positioning frame are concentrically distributed; tightly screwing the heat treatment support base 1 and the lower positioning frame 3 together by using a positioning frame connecting nut 4 and a positioning frame connecting screw rod 5;
placing the correcting end limiting plate 9 on the outer edge of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3, and screwing the correcting end limiting plate 9 with the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3 through a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11;
the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is connected with a correcting end bearing plate 8 through a correcting end connecting rod 7, the correcting end connecting rod 7 penetrates through a first frame of the lower correcting frame 3, the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is close to the inner edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3, and the correcting end bearing plate 8 is close to the outer edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3;
placing the fixed end outer limiting block 16 at the outer edge of the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3, and screwing the fixed end outer limiting block 16 with the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3 through a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod 20 and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut 21;
placing the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 on the inner edge of the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3, and screwing the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 with the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3 through the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15;
connecting a fixed end shape-following pressing block 12 with a fixed end position-limiting screw 17, a fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate 18 and a fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate position-limiting nut 19, wherein the fixed end position-limiting screw 17 penetrates through a second frame of the lower correcting frame 3, the fixed end shape-following pressing block 12 is close to the inner edge side of the second frame of the lower correcting frame 3, the fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate 18 and the fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate position-limiting nut 19 are close to the outer edge side of the second frame of the lower correcting frame 3, and the assembly of the lower correcting frame 3 is completed;
(c) a middle position correcting frame 24 is arranged right above the lower position correcting frame 3 and is fixedly connected with a positioning clamping plate 22 through the lower position correcting frame; an upper position correcting frame 26 is arranged right above the middle position correcting frame 24 and is fixedly connected with the middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25, and the assembling process of the middle position correcting frame 24 and the upper position correcting frame 26 is the same as that of the lower position correcting frame 3.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, in the step (b), the aluminum alloy casting 23 is placed directly above the heat treatment support base 1 so that the bottom surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23 is in contact with the annular groove of the heat treatment support base 1.
< method for thermal mechanical correction of aluminum alloy castings >
The invention also provides a method for the thermal-state mechanical correction of the aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the following steps:
(i) fixing the aluminum alloy casting 23 after the solution quenching treatment in the thermal-state mechanical correcting device;
(ii) adjusting a fixed end limiting screw rod 17 in the thermal-state mechanical correcting device, controlling the gap distance between the fixed end conformal pressing block 12 and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23, pushing a correcting end bearing plate 8, and tightly attaching the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 to the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23;
then, the thermal state mechanical correction device is placed in the middle of a lower pressure table 27 and an upper pressure table 28 of the hydraulic machine, the hydraulic machine is started to synchronously act on the correction end bearing plate 8 and the fixed end outer limiting block 16 farthest away from the correction end bearing plate, and thermal state mechanical correction on the specific area of the aluminum alloy casting 23 is completed;
after all the correcting end bearing plates 8 and the fixed end outer limiting blocks 16 at the symmetrical positions are subjected to thermal state mechanical correction by adopting a hydraulic machine, the aluminum alloy casting 23 is rotated by 360/N degrees in the vertical direction, and the steps are repeated, so that the thermal state mechanical correction of the whole area of the aluminum alloy casting 23 can be completed, wherein the number of the repeated steps is N/2, and N is the number of edges of a correcting frame.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the thermal-state mechanical correction of the aluminum alloy casting is used for the thermal-state mechanical correction of the high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface aluminum alloy casting.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, in step (i), the solution quenching heat treatment is performed by placing the aluminum alloy casting 23 directly above the heat treatment support base 1, placing the aluminum alloy casting 23 together with the heat treatment support base 1 into a solution heat holding furnace for solution heat holding heat treatment, and then performing quenching treatment.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step (i), the solution quenching heat treatment is a solution heat treatment in which the aluminum alloy casting is placed in a solution heat furnace; the charging temperature of the aluminum alloy casting<At 100 ℃, the temperature of the solution heat-preservation heat treatment is (T) Ternary eutectic melting -3)℃，T Ternary eutectic melting The temperature can be measured by adopting DSC, TG, TMA and other material thermal analysis methods, the time of the solid solution heat preservation heat treatment is 14 h-18 h, and the temperature rise rate of the solid solution heat preservation heat treatment is 2.5 ℃ min -1 ～4.0℃·min -1 The quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 15s, the quenching medium is water or polyethylene glycol, and the temperature of the quenching medium is 30-50 ℃.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, in the step (ii), the gap distance between the fixed end briquette 12 and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23 is controlled to be in the range of 0.5mm to 1.0 mm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (ii), the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic machine is 100T to 500T, and the pressing-down speed of the hydraulic machine is 0.5mm · s -1 ～2.0mm·s -1 。
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (ii), the pressing amount of the hydraulic press is the sum of the dimensional deformation amount of the aluminum alloy casting and the structural springback size amount, and the structural springback size amount is set according to table 1:
TABLE 1 structural Resilience size
< preparation method of high-toughness complex curved surface aluminum alloy casting >
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the step of carrying out thermal state mechanical correction on the aluminum alloy casting by using the thermal state mechanical correction device.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method of thermal state mechanical correction is as described above.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of:
(iii) the aluminum alloy casting 23 subjected to the thermal mechanical correction is subjected to vibration aging stress relief treatment.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of:
(iv) and placing the aluminum alloy casting 23 subjected to the vibration aging stress relief treatment in an aging heat preservation furnace for aging heat treatment to complete the preparation of the high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface aluminum alloy casting.
In step (iii), the excitation motor 2 is started and the aluminum alloy casting 23, which has been subjected to the thermal mechanical correction, is subjected to a vibration aging stress relief treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (iii), the frequency of the exciting motor is 40Hz to 600Hz, and the rotating speed of the exciting motor is 1500 r.min -1 ～7500r·min -1 The vibration acceleration of the exciting motor is 10m.s -2 ～80m.s -2 The exciting force of the exciting motor is 1000-5000N, and the exciting time of the exciting motor is 20-40 min.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (iv), the charging temperature of the aluminum alloy casting<The heat preservation temperature of the aging heat treatment is 160-180 ℃ at 100 ℃, and the heating rate of the aging heat treatment is 1.5 ℃ min -1 ～2.0℃·min -1 The heat preservation time of the aging heat treatment is 6-10 h, and the steel plate is discharged from the furnace and cooled in air after the heat preservation of the aging heat treatment is finished.
< high strength and toughness complex curved surface structure aluminum alloy casting >
The invention also provides a high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure, which is prepared by the method.
According to the embodiment of the invention, after thermal state mechanical correction, the inner cavity size precision of the aluminum alloy casting can reach CT 6-CT 8 in HB6103-2004, the size deviation is controlled within +/-0.20 mm- +/-0.40 mm, the residual stress peak value can be controlled within +/-100 MPa, compared with GB/T1173 and 2013 cast aluminum alloy, the average tensile strength of the aluminum alloy casting can be improved by more than 10%, the average yield strength can be improved by more than 15%, and the average elongation can be improved by more than 25%.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The alloy material used in the following examples is ZL114A, the dimensional accuracy is implemented according to HB6103-2004 standard, the mechanical property of the material is implemented according to GB/T1173-.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-4, the present embodiment provides a high strength and toughness thermal mechanical correction device for an aluminum alloy casting with a complex curved surface structure, the thermal mechanical correction device includes a thermal treatment support base 1, an excitation motor 2, a position correction frame positioning clamping plate, a position correction frame connecting nut 4, a position correction frame connecting screw 5, a correction end conformal pressing block 6, a correction end connecting rod 7, a correction end bearing plate 8, a correction end limiting plate 9, a correction end limiting plate connecting nut 10, a correction end limiting plate connecting screw 11, a fixed end conformal pressing block 12, a fixed end inner limiting plate 13, a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14, a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw 15, a fixed end outer limiting block 16, a fixed end limiting screw 17, a fixed end limiting screw stop plate 18, a fixed end limiting screw stop plate limiting nut 19, a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw 20, The fixed end outer limiting block is fastened with a nut 21;
the excitation motor 2 is positioned above the heat treatment supporting base 1;
the position correcting frames comprise a lower position correcting frame 3, a middle position correcting frame 24 and an upper position correcting frame 26;
the position correcting frame positioning clamping plate comprises a lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 22 and a middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25;
the middle position correcting frame 24 is positioned above the lower position correcting frame 3 and is connected with the lower position correcting frame through a lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 22, and the upper position correcting frame 26 is positioned above the middle position correcting frame 24 and is connected with the middle position correcting frame through a middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25;
the position correcting frame is a regular polygon formed by a first frame and a second frame;
the lower position correcting frame 3 is positioned at the outer edge of the heat treatment supporting base 1, and the lower position correcting frame 3 is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base 1 through a position correcting frame connecting nut 4 and a position correcting frame connecting screw rod 5;
the correcting end limiting plate 9 is positioned at the outer edge of the first side frame of the correcting frame, and the correcting end limiting plate 9 is in threaded connection with the first side frame of the correcting frame through a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11;
the correcting end shape-following pressing block 6 is connected with a correcting end pressure-bearing plate 8 through a correcting end connecting rod 7, the correcting end connecting rod 7 penetrates through a first frame of the correcting frame, the correcting end shape-following pressing block 6 is close to the inner edge side of the first frame of the correcting frame, and the correcting end pressure-bearing plate 8 is close to the outer edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3;
the fixed end outer limiting block 16 is positioned at the outer edge of the second frame of the position correcting frame, and the fixed end outer limiting block 16 is in threaded connection with the second frame of the position correcting frame through a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod 20 and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut 21;
the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is positioned at the inner edge of the second frame of the positioning frame, and the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is in threaded connection with the second frame of the positioning frame through a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15;
the stiff end is followed shape briquetting 12 and is ended the position board 18 and stiff end stop plate limit nut 19 through stiff end limit screw 17, stiff end limit screw and link to each other, just stiff end limit screw 17 passes the second frame of school position frame, stiff end is followed shape briquetting 12 and is close to the second frame inner edge side of school position frame, stiff end limit screw ends position board 18 and stiff end limit screw and ends position board limit nut 19 and be close to the second frame outer edge side of school position frame.
The construction method of the thermal state mechanical correction device comprises the following steps:
(a) placing the excitation motor 2 right above the heat treatment supporting base 1 to enable the excitation motor 2 to be overlapped with the circle center of the heat treatment supporting base 1;
(b) placing an aluminum alloy casting 23 on the heat treatment supporting base 1, and placing a lower positioning frame 3 on the outer edge of the heat treatment supporting base 1, wherein the aluminum alloy casting and the lower positioning frame are concentrically distributed; tightly screwing the heat treatment support base 1 and the lower position-correcting frame 3 together by using a position-correcting frame connecting nut 4 and a position-correcting frame connecting screw rod 5;
placing the correcting end limiting plate 9 on the outer edge of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3, and screwing the correcting end limiting plate 9 with the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3 through a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11;
the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is connected with a correcting end bearing plate 8 through a correcting end connecting rod 7, the correcting end connecting rod 7 penetrates through a first frame of the lower correcting frame 3, the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is close to the inner edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3, and the correcting end bearing plate 8 is close to the outer edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame 3;
placing the fixed end outer limiting block 16 at the outer edge of the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3, and screwing the fixed end outer limiting block 16 with the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3 through a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod 20 and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut 21;
placing the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 on the inner edge of the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3, and screwing the fixed end inner limiting plate 13 with the second frame of the lower positioning frame 3 through the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15;
connecting a fixed end shape-following pressing block 12 with a fixed end position-limiting screw 17, a fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate 18 and a fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate position-limiting nut 19, wherein the fixed end position-limiting screw 17 penetrates through a second frame of the lower correcting frame 3, the fixed end shape-following pressing block 12 is close to the inner edge side of the second frame of the lower correcting frame 3, the fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate 18 and the fixed end position-limiting screw position-limiting plate position-limiting nut 19 are close to the outer edge side of the second frame of the lower correcting frame 3, and the assembly of the lower correcting frame 3 is completed;
(c) a middle position correcting frame 24 is arranged right above the lower position correcting frame 3 and is fixedly connected with a positioning clamping plate 22 through the lower position correcting frame; an upper position correcting frame 26 is arranged right above the middle position correcting frame 24 and is fixedly connected with the middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25, and the assembling process of the middle position correcting frame 24 and the upper position correcting frame 26 is the same as that of the lower position correcting frame 3.
Example 2
The thermal-state mechanical correction device of the embodiment 1 is adopted to perform thermal-state mechanical correction on the aluminum alloy casting, and the specific parameters of the thermal-state mechanical correction device are as follows: the heat treatment supporting base 1 is made of medium carbon steel. The heat treatment supporting base 1 is in a wheel shape, the periphery of the heat treatment supporting base is provided with an annular groove, and a radiation linear structure is arranged in the annular groove; the thickness of a single side of the annular groove is 30 mm; the number of radiation lines was 6, the width of the radiation line structure was 80mm, and the height of the radiation line structure was 50 mm. The annular groove is in contact with the bottom surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23.
The position correcting frame is a regular octagon formed by a first frame and a second frame. The number of the first frames of the position correcting frame is the same as the number of the second frames of the position correcting frame, the first frames are connected, and the second frames are connected. The position correcting frame is made of low-carbon steel. The thickness of the first frame and the second frame of the position correcting frame is 40mm, and the height of the first frame and the second frame is 140 mm.
The positioning clamping plate of the position correcting frame is made of medium carbon steel. The positioning clamping plate of the position correcting frame coincides with the centers of the top surfaces of the first frame and the second frame of the position correcting frame. The thickness of the positioning clamping plate of the positioning frame is 40 mm. The number of the positioning clamping plates of the position correcting frame is 4.
The lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plates 22 are arranged above the first frame and the second frame of the lower position correcting frame 3 at intervals. The lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 22 is superposed with the top centers of the first frame and the second frame of the lower position correcting frame 3. The number of the lower positioning frame positioning clamping plates 22 is 4. The middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plates 25 are arranged above the first frame and the second frame of the lower position correcting frame 24 at intervals. The middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate 25 is superposed with the top centers of the first frame and the second frame of the lower position correcting frame 24. The number of the middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plates 25 is 4. The lower calibration frame 3, the middle calibration frame 24 and the upper calibration frame 26 have the same structure.
The lower position correcting frame 3 and the heat treatment supporting base 1 are distributed in a concentric circle.
The position correcting frame connecting nut 4 and the position correcting frame connecting screw rod 5 are made of low-carbon steel. The first frame of each position correcting frame is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base 1 through two position correcting frame connecting nuts 4 and two position correcting frame connecting screw rods 5; the second frame of each position-correcting frame is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base 1 through two position-correcting frame connecting nuts 4 and two position-correcting frame connecting screw rods 5. The circle centers of the position correction frame connecting nut 4 and the position correction frame connecting screw rod 5 are overlapped and have the same number.
The correction end conformal pressing block 6, the correction end connecting rod 7 and the correction end bearing plate 8 are made of die steel. The correctionThe circle centers of the end shape following pressing block 6, the correcting end connecting rod 7 and the correcting end bearing plate 8 are superposed and have the same number. The number of the correcting end conformal pressing blocks 6, the correcting end connecting rods 7 and the correcting end bearing plates 8 is the same as that of the first frames of the correcting frame. The surface area of the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 is 32000mm 2 And the thickness is 40 mm. The diameter of the correction end connecting rod 7 is 60 mm. The length of the correcting end bearing plate 8 is 240mm, the width is 120mm, and the thickness is 80 mm.
The number of the correcting end limiting plates 9 is the same as that of the first frames of the correcting frames. The correcting end limiting plate 9 is superposed with the center of the first frame of the correcting frame. The material of the correcting end limiting plate 9 is medium carbon steel. And a T-shaped groove structure is arranged in the correction end limiting plate 9. The T-shaped groove structure is matched with the correction end connecting rod 7 and the correction end bearing plate 8. The length of the correcting end limiting plate 9 is 320mm, the width is 180mm, and the thickness is 120 mm.
The material of the correction end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and the correction end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11 is medium carbon steel. The circle centers of the correction end limiting plate connecting nut 10 and the correction end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11 are overlapped and have the same number. Each correction end limiting plate 9 is in threaded connection with a correction end limiting plate connecting screw rod 11 through two correction end limiting plate connecting nuts 10.
The fixed end conformal pressing block 12, the fixed end limiting screw 17, the fixed end limiting screw stop plate 18 and the fixed end limiting screw stop plate limiting nut 19 are overlapped at the center and have the same number. The material of the fixed end shape-following pressing block 12, the fixed end limit screw 17, the fixed end limit screw stop plate 18 and the fixed end limit screw stop plate limit nut 19 is die steel. The surface area of the fixed end conformal pressure block 12 is 24000mm 2 And the thickness is 40 mm. The diameter of the fixed end limiting screw 17 is 60mm, and the thread pitch is 0.5 mm. The length of the fixed end limiting screw stop plate 18 is 80mm, the width is 50mm, and the thickness is 40 mm. The thickness of the limiting nut 19 of the limiting plate of the fixed end limiting screw rod is 50mm, and the thread pitch is 0.5 mm. The limiting nut 19 of the limiting plate of the fixed end limiting screw is in threaded connection with the limiting screw 17 of the fixed end, and the height of the two in threaded connection is lower than that of the outer limiting block 16 of the fixed endAn outer surface.
The number of the limiting plates 13 in the fixed end is the same as that of the second frames of the position correcting frame. The fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is superposed with the center of the second frame of the position correcting frame. The limiting plate 13 in the fixed end is made of stainless steel. And the fixed end inner limit plate 13 is in contact with the fixed end limit screw rod 17. The length of the limiting plate 13 in the fixed end is 240mm, the width is 140mm, and the thickness is 50 mm.
The circle centers of the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15 are overlapped and are the same in number. Each fixed end inner limiting plate 13 is screwed with two fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nuts 14 and two fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screws 15. The fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut 14 and the fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod 15 are made of medium carbon steel. The diameter of the limiting plate connecting screw rod 15 in the fixed end is 50mm, and the length is 60 mm.
The number of the fixed end outer limiting blocks 16 is the same as that of the second frames of the position correcting frames. The fixed end outer limiting block 16 coincides with the center of the second frame of the position correcting frame. The outer limiting block 16 of the fixed end is made of medium carbon steel. A T-shaped groove structure is arranged in the fixed end outer limiting block 16. The T-shaped groove structure is matched with the fixed end limit screw 17 and the fixed end limit screw stop plate 18. The length of the outer limiting block 16 of the fixed end is 340mm, the width is 170mm, and the thickness is 110 mm.
The outer stopper fastening screw 20 of stiff end and the outer stopper fastening nut 21 of stiff end are made of stainless steel. The centers of circles of the fixed end outer limit block fastening screw rod 20 and the fixed end outer limit block fastening nut 21 are overlapped and are the same in quantity. Each fixed end outer limiting block 16 is screwed with two fixed end outer limiting block fastening nuts 21 through two fixed end outer limiting block fastening screws 20, and the height after screwing is lower than the outer surface of the fixed end outer limiting block 16. The diameter of the outer limiting block fastening screw 20 of the fixed end is 30mm, and the length is 40 mm.
Example 3
The thermal-state mechanical correction device of the embodiment 1 is adopted to perform thermal-state mechanical correction on an aluminum alloy casting, wherein the aluminum alloy casting is a transition section metal shell casting, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(i) solution quenching heat treatment: placing the aluminum alloy casting 23 right above the heat treatment supporting base 1, placing the aluminum alloy casting 23 and the heat treatment supporting base 1 into a solid solution heat preservation furnace together for solid solution heat preservation treatment, and then carrying out quenching treatment;
(ii) thermal state mechanical correction: adjusting a fixed end limiting screw rod 17 in the thermal-state mechanical correcting device, controlling the gap distance between the fixed end conformal pressing block 12 and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23, pushing a correcting end bearing plate 8, and tightly attaching the correcting end conformal pressing block 6 to the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23;
then, the thermal state mechanical correction device is placed in the middle of a lower pressure table 27 and an upper pressure table 28 of the hydraulic machine, the hydraulic machine is started to synchronously act on the correction end bearing plate 8 and the fixed end outer limiting block 16 farthest away from the correction end bearing plate, and thermal state mechanical correction on the specific area of the aluminum alloy casting 23 is completed;
after all the correcting end bearing plates 8 and the fixed end outer limiting blocks 16 are subjected to thermal state mechanical correction by adopting a hydraulic machine, the aluminum alloy casting 23 is rotated by 360/N degrees in the vertical direction, and the steps are repeated, so that the thermal state mechanical correction of the whole area of the aluminum alloy casting 23 can be completed, wherein the number of the repeated steps of the thermal state mechanical correction of the casting is N/2, and N is the number of edges of a correcting frame;
(iii) stress relief treatment by vibration aging: taking the aluminum alloy casting 23 after the thermal-state mechanical correction, the lower correcting frame 3, the middle correcting frame 24 and the upper correcting frame 26 out of the lower pressure table 27 and the upper pressure table 28, vertically placing the aluminum alloy casting on the ground, starting the excitation motor 2, and performing stress relief treatment on the aluminum alloy casting 23 in a vibration aging mode;
(iv) aging heat treatment: and placing the aluminum alloy casting 23 subjected to the vibration aging stress relief treatment in an aging heat preservation furnace for aging heat treatment to finish the preparation of the transition section metal shell casting.
The charging temperature in the solution quenching heat treatment step is 60 ℃, the solution heat preservation temperature is 547 ℃, the solution heat preservation time is 16h, and the solution heat preservation temperature rise rate is 3.0 ℃ per minute -1 Quenching transfer time of 10s, quenching mediumThe medium is water, and the temperature of the quenching medium is 30 ℃.
And in the thermal-state mechanical correction step of the transition section metal shell casting, the gap distance between the fixed end shape following pressing block 12 and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23 is controlled to be 0.6 mm. The hydraulic pressure is 300T, the pressing speed of the hydraulic press is 1.0 mm.s -1 And the pressing amount of the hydraulic machine is the size deformation amount of the casting plus the size resilience amount of the structure when the thermal state mechanical correction is carried out on the casting of the transition section metal shell, and the size resilience amount of the structure is set according to the table 2.
TABLE 2 thermal mechanical correction of structural spring-back dimensions for transition section metal shell castings
In the step of vibration aging stress elimination treatment, the vibration aging excitation frequency is 120Hz, and the rotation speed of an excitation motor is 3000 r.min -1 The vibration acceleration of the exciting motor is 35m.s -2 The excitation force is 2400N, and the excitation time is 25 min.
The charging temperature in the aging heat treatment step is 50 ℃, the heat preservation temperature of the aging heat treatment is 160 ℃, and the temperature rise rate of the aging heat treatment is 1.5 ℃ min -1 And (4) keeping the temperature for 8h in the aging heat treatment, and discharging from the furnace for air cooling after the heat preservation of the aging heat treatment is finished.
Example 4
Other operations are the same as those in example 3, and are only different from the structure and treatment process parameters of the aluminum alloy casting, which are specifically as follows:
the charging temperature in the solution quenching heat treatment step is 80 ℃, the solution heat preservation temperature is 547 ℃, the solution heat preservation time is 18h, and the solution heat preservation temperature rise rate is 3.5 ℃ per minute -1 The quenching transfer time is 12s, the quenching medium is polyethylene glycol, and the temperature of the quenching medium is 40 ℃.
And in the thermal-state mechanical correction step of the tail section metal shell casting, the gap distance between the fixed end conformal pressing block 12 and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting 23 is controlled to be 0.6 mm. The hydraulic pressure is 200T, the pressing speed of the hydraulic press is 1.2mm s -1 Pressing amount of hydraulic press during thermal state mechanical correction of tail section metal shell castingThe casting dimensional deformation plus the structural spring-back dimensional quantity are set according to table 3.
TABLE 3 thermal mechanical correction of the structural spring-back dimensions of end section metal shell castings
In the vibration aging stress relief treatment step, the vibration aging excitation frequency is 120Hz, and the rotation speed of the excitation motor is 4500 r.min -1 The vibration acceleration of the exciting motor is 40m.s -2 The exciting force is 3200N, and the exciting time is 35 min.
The charging temperature in the aging heat treatment step is 40 ℃, the heat preservation temperature of the aging heat treatment is 180 ℃, and the temperature rise rate of the aging heat treatment is 2.0 ℃ min -1 The heat preservation time of the aging heat treatment is 10 hours, and the steel plate is taken out of the furnace and cooled in air after the heat preservation of the aging heat treatment is finished.
FIG. 6 shows the comparison of the residual stress test results of the conventional calibration process used on the same part of the end section metal shell casting in example 4 and the thermal state mechanical calibration process of example 4. As can be seen from FIG. 6, compared with the conventional correction process, after the thermal-state mechanical correction process of the embodiment 4 is adopted for the tail section metal shell casting, the peak value of the residual tensile stress is reduced from 178MPa to 72MPa, and is reduced by 59.6%; the peak value of the residual compressive stress is reduced from-172 MPa to-64 MPa by 62.8 percent; the quenching residual stress of the tail section metal shell casting is effectively released.
Comparative example 1:
the other operations are the same as example 3, and only the step of stress relief treatment by vibration aging is removed in the thermal mechanical correction preparation process of the aluminum alloy casting.
Comparative example 2:
the other operations are the same as example 3, and only differ in the solid solution heat preservation temperature of the aluminum alloy casting during the thermal mechanical correction preparation process535 ℃, the solid solution heat preservation time is 10h, and the solid solution heating rate is 2 ℃ min -1 The quench transfer time was 25 s.
Table 4 performance test results of the thermal state mechanically corrected aluminum alloys of examples 3 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2
In conclusion, the thermal state mechanical correction device has strong applicability, and can carry out effective size correction treatment on various high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloys with complex curved surface structures; meanwhile, a vibratory stress relief treatment process is introduced after solution quenching, and vibratory stress relief treatment is carried out on the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy casting with the complex curved surface structure after thermal state mechanical correction, so that the quenching residual stress peak value in the casting can be effectively reduced, and the aluminum alloy casting is prevented from dimensional deformation when the quenching residual stress is released secondarily in the aging heat treatment process; by combining the solution quenching and aging heat treatment heat preservation process disclosed by the invention, the mechanical strength and the plastic toughness of the metal material can be effectively improved.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The thermal state mechanical correction device comprises a heat treatment supporting base (1), a position correcting frame positioning clamping plate, a position correcting frame connecting nut (4), a position correcting frame connecting screw rod (5), a correcting end conformal pressing block (6), a correcting end connecting rod (7), a correcting end bearing plate (8), a correcting end limiting plate (9), a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut (10), a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod (11), a fixing end conformal pressing block (12), a fixing end inner limiting plate (13), a fixing end inner limiting plate connecting nut (14), a fixing end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod (15), a fixing end outer limiting block (16), a fixing end limiting screw rod (17), a fixing end limiting screw rod end limiting plate (18), a fixing end limiting screw rod end limiting plate limiting nut (19), a fixing end outer limiting block fastening screw rod (20), The outer limiting block of the fixed end fastens a nut (21);
the position correcting frame comprises a lower position correcting frame (3), a middle position correcting frame (24) and an upper position correcting frame (26);
the positioning clamping plates of the positioning frame comprise a lower positioning clamping plate (22) of the positioning frame and a middle positioning clamping plate (25);
the middle position correcting frame (24) is positioned above the lower position correcting frame (3) and is connected with the lower position correcting frame through a lower position correcting frame positioning clamping plate (22), and the upper position correcting frame (26) is positioned above the middle position correcting frame (24) and is connected with the middle position correcting frame through a middle position correcting frame positioning clamping plate (25);
the position correcting frame is a regular polygon formed by a first frame and a second frame;
the lower position correcting frame (3) is positioned at the outer edge of the heat treatment supporting base (1), and the lower position correcting frame (3) is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base (1) through a position correcting frame connecting nut (4) and a position correcting frame connecting screw rod (5);
the correcting end limiting plate (9) is positioned at the outer edge of the first side frame of the correcting frame, and the correcting end limiting plate (9) is in threaded connection with the first side frame of the correcting frame through a correcting end limiting plate connecting nut (10) and a correcting end limiting plate connecting screw rod (11);
the correcting end shape-following pressing block (6) is connected with a correcting end bearing pressing plate (8) through a correcting end connecting rod (7), the correcting end connecting rod (7) penetrates through a first frame of the correcting frame, the correcting end shape-following pressing block (6) is close to the inner edge side of the first frame of the correcting frame, and the correcting end bearing pressing plate (8) is close to the outer edge side of the first frame of the lower correcting frame (3);
the fixed end outer limiting block (16) is positioned at the outer edge of the second frame of the position correcting frame, and the fixed end outer limiting block (16) is in threaded connection with the second frame of the position correcting frame through a fixed end outer limiting block fastening screw rod (20) and a fixed end outer limiting block fastening nut (21);
the fixed end inner limiting plate (13) is positioned at the inner edge of the second frame of the position correcting frame, and the fixed end inner limiting plate (13) is in threaded connection with the second frame of the position correcting frame through a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting nut (14) and a fixed end inner limiting plate connecting screw rod (15);
the stiff end is followed shape briquetting (12) and is ended a board (18) and stiff end limit screw and end limit screw board stop nut (19) and link to each other, just stiff end limit screw (17) pass the second frame of position correcting frame, the stiff end is followed shape briquetting (12) and is close to the second frame inner edge side of position correcting frame, stiff end limit screw ends a board (18) and stiff end limit screw and ends a board stop nut (19) and be close to the second frame outer edge side of position correcting frame.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the position correcting frame is a regular hexagon, a regular octagon, a regular decagon or a regular dodecagon formed by the first frame and the second frame;
the number of the first frames of the position correcting frame is the same as that of the second frames of the position correcting frame, the first frames are connected, and the second frames are connected.
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first rim of each alignment frame is screwed to the heat treatment support base (1) by means of two alignment frame coupling nuts (4) and two alignment frame coupling screws (5); the second frame of each position correcting frame is in threaded connection with the heat treatment supporting base (1) through two position correcting frame connecting nuts (4) and two position correcting frame connecting screw rods (5);
and/or each fixed end outer limiting block (16) is in threaded connection with two fixed end outer limiting block fastening screws (20) and two fixed end outer limiting block fastening nuts (21), and the height of each threaded connection is lower than the outer surface of each fixed end outer limiting block (16).
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a shock motor (2), said shock motor (2) being located above the heat treatment support base (1);
the excitation motor (2) is arranged for providing vibration for the aluminum alloy casting (23), so that the step of stress relief treatment of vibration aging can be completed conveniently.
5. A method of thermal mechanical correction of an aluminum alloy casting, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) fixing the aluminum alloy casting (23) subjected to the solution quenching treatment in the thermal-state mechanical correction device;
(ii) adjusting a fixed end limiting screw (17) in the thermal state mechanical correcting device, controlling the gap distance between a fixed end conformal pressing block (12) and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting (23), pushing a correcting end bearing pressing plate (8), and enabling a correcting end conformal pressing block (6) to be tightly attached to the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting (23);
then, the thermal state mechanical correction device is placed in the middle of a lower pressure table (27) and an upper pressure table (28) of the hydraulic press, the hydraulic press is started to synchronously act on a correction end bearing plate (8) and a fixed end outer limiting block (16) farthest away from the correction end bearing plate, and thermal state mechanical correction of a specific area of the aluminum alloy casting (23) is completed;
after all the correcting end bearing plates (8) and the fixed end outer limiting blocks (16) at the symmetrical positions are subjected to thermal state mechanical correction by adopting a hydraulic machine, the aluminum alloy casting (23) is rotated by 360/N degrees in the vertical direction, the steps are repeated, and then the thermal state mechanical correction of the whole area of the aluminum alloy casting (23) can be completed, wherein the number of the repeated steps is N/2, and N is the number of edges of the correcting frame.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (i), the solution quenching heat treatment is a solution heat treatment in which the aluminum alloy casting is placed in a solution heat furnace; the charging temperature of the aluminum alloy casting<At 100 ℃, the temperature of the solution heat-preservation heat treatment is (T) Ternary eutectic melting -3) DEG C, the time of the solid solution heat preservation heat treatment is 14 h-18 h, and the heating rate of the solid solution heat preservation heat treatment is 2.5 DEG C.min -1 ～4.0℃·min -1 The quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 15s, the quenching medium is water or polyethylene glycol, and the temperature of the quenching medium is 30-50 ℃;
and/or in the step (ii), the gap distance between the fixed end conformal pressing block (12) and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy casting (23) is controlled within the range of 0.5 mm-1.0 mm;
and/or in step (ii), the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic machine is 100T-500T, and the pressing speed of the hydraulic machine is 0.5mm DEGs -1 ～2.0mm·s -1 。
7. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface aluminum alloy casting is characterized by comprising the step of carrying out thermal-state mechanical correction on the aluminum alloy casting by using the thermal-state mechanical correction device, wherein the thermal-state mechanical correction method is as claimed in claim 5 or 6.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of:
(iii) carrying out vibration aging stress relief treatment on the aluminum alloy casting (23) subjected to thermal state mechanical correction;
(iv) and placing the aluminum alloy casting (23) subjected to the vibration aging stress relief treatment in an aging heat preservation furnace for aging heat treatment to complete the preparation of the high-strength and high-toughness complex curved surface aluminum alloy casting.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (iii), the frequency of the exciting motor is 40Hz to 600Hz, and the rotating speed of the exciting motor is 1500 r-min -1 ～7500r·min -1 The vibration acceleration of the exciting motor is 10m.s -2 ～80m.s -2 The exciting force of the exciting motor is 1000N-5000N, and the exciting time of the exciting motor is 20 min-40 min;
and/or, in step (iv), the charging temperature of the aluminum alloy casting<The heat preservation temperature of the aging heat treatment is 160-180 ℃ at 100 ℃, and the heating rate of the aging heat treatment is 1.5 ℃ min -1 ～2.0℃·min -1 The heat preservation time of the aging heat treatment is 6-10 h, and the steel plate is discharged from a furnace for air cooling after the heat preservation of the aging heat treatment is finished.
10. A high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy casting with a complex curved surface structure, which is prepared by the method of any one of claims 7 to 9.
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| CN115502247A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2022-12-23 | 成立航空技术(成都)有限公司 | Correction device for deformation of aero-engine case |
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