CN110791719B - Aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method and product - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method and product Download PDFInfo
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- CN110791719B CN110791719B CN201911033187.4A CN201911033187A CN110791719B CN 110791719 B CN110791719 B CN 110791719B CN 201911033187 A CN201911033187 A CN 201911033187A CN 110791719 B CN110791719 B CN 110791719B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/14—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal material plastic processing, and particularly discloses an aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method and a product. The method comprises the following steps: heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece, preserving heat for a preset time, and then cooling by adopting a water-cooling quenching mode to obtain a solution-quenched aluminum alloy; placing the aluminum alloy subjected to solution quenching in a die, and performing electromagnetic forming treatment on a local characteristic region to be formed so as to obtain a semi-finished product; and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the semi-finished product, and finally naturally cooling in air to obtain a formed piece. The invention can effectively avoid the phenomenon that the size precision of a formed part is seriously influenced by quenching deformation, quenching cracks and the like of a workpiece when the workpiece is quenched after electromagnetic forming, and can effectively reduce the discharge energy of electromagnetic forming equipment and reduce the electromagnetic forming difficulty, thereby obtaining the formed part with high size precision and large mechanical property promotion range while improving and reducing the energy consumption of the equipment and the forming difficulty.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material plastic processing, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method and an aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment product.
Background
The high-performance light alloy material is the first choice material for realizing light weight of modern aerospace equipment, wherein the application of aluminum materials in aerospace vehicles accounts for more than 70% of the weight of the aluminum materials, and the light weight of components is usually realized through large-scale and integrated manufacturing. After a large-sized component is formed, local characteristics such as flanging, bulging, blanking, stamping, necking and local forming of various special-shaped pipe fittings are often required to be processed, however, the traditional concave-convex die is complex in structure, complex in process flow and low in flexibility degree of equipment, higher requirements are provided for equipment tonnage and assembly process along with increase of component size, and defects such as wrinkling, cracking and rebounding are easily caused in the forming process of a workpiece, so that forming precision and forming quality are seriously influenced.
Electromagnetic forming is a high-rate forming method for causing plastic deformation of a metal material by utilizing instantaneous electromagnetic force, has the advantages of single-mode forming, high forming flexibility, high material forming limit, small resilience, wrinkle inhibition, cost reduction and the like, and can effectively solve the problems of the traditional forming mode, so that the electromagnetic forming technology has wide application prospect in the field of aerospace. The high-end technology and the high-speed development of national defense construction in China put forward higher requirements on the service performance of various equipment, such as the requirement of continuous improvement of structural strength, service life, carrying capacity and the like and continuous reduction of structural weight. Based on the annealed aluminum alloy material, a high-precision formed part with excellent forming quality and good film pasting effect can be obtained by adopting an electromagnetic forming process, but the severe service conditions, especially the strength requirement, of the aluminum alloy member for aerospace are difficult to meet, so a series of strengthening processes are also needed to improve the strength of the aluminum alloy member.
A common strengthening method for metal materials is heat treatment, but the existing research mainly focuses on steel and rolling processes, and the heat treatment process of aluminum alloy represented by intermediate thermomechanical treatment (ITMT) is too complex and has very few practical applications. The conventional thermomechanical treatment method can improve the comprehensive performance of the material, but only aims at the original material, and is not unified with the performance of a final formed part, and a formed part meeting the strength requirement cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages and/or needs for improvement in the prior art, the present invention provides a composite heat treatment method for electromagnetic forming of aluminum alloy and a product thereof, wherein three treatment modes of solution quenching, electromagnetic forming and artificial aging are sequentially performed, and process conditions in the treatment process are designed, so that the precision and mechanical properties of a formed part can be correspondingly improved, and the method is particularly suitable for application occasions such as plastic processing of metal materials.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method for an aluminum alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) solution quenching
Heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece, preserving heat for a preset time, and cooling the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece in a water-cooling quenching mode to obtain a solution-quenched aluminum alloy workpiece;
(b) electromagnetic forming
Placing the aluminum alloy workpiece subjected to solution quenching in a die, and performing electromagnetic forming treatment on a local characteristic region to be formed so as to obtain a semi-finished product;
(c) artificial ageing of
And heating the semi-finished product, preserving heat for a preset time, and naturally cooling in the air to obtain a formed piece.
More preferably, in the step (a), the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece is an aluminum alloy plate pipe workpiece having a thickness of 1mm to 10 mm.
As a further preference, in step (a), the as-annealed aluminum alloy workpiece is made of a 2XXX series aluminum alloy, a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, a 7XXX series aluminum alloy, an aluminum-lithium alloy, or an aluminum-scandium alloy.
Further preferably, the heating temperature in the step (a) is 515 to 545 ℃ and the heating temperature in the step (c) is 160 to 190 ℃.
More preferably, the heat preservation time in the step (a) is 20min to 50min, and the heat preservation time in the step (c) is 4h to 12 h.
As a further preference, in the step (a), the transfer time of the water-cooling quenching is not more than 10 seconds.
Further preferably, in the step (b), the voltage at the time of performing the electromagnetic forming treatment is 8kV to 30 kV.
Further preferably, in the step (b), the forming coil used in the electromagnetic forming process is a helical coil or a planar helical coil.
Further preferably, in the step (b), the number of layers of the planar spiral coil is 1 to 3, and the number of turns of a single layer is 7 to 15.
According to another aspect of the invention, a product prepared by the electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method for the aluminum alloy is provided.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. the invention combines the aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming process with the solution quenching and the aging treatment strengthening to obtain a formed piece with higher strength than the single electromagnetic forming process, realizes the integrated regulation and control of the forming and the use performance of a workpiece, and can effectively solve the problem that the existing aluminum alloy large-scale structural member is difficult to meet the severe service conditions of aerospace, wherein the solution quenching process is designed before the electromagnetic forming process, so that the phenomenon that the size precision of the formed piece is seriously influenced by quenching deformation, quenching cracks and the like of the workpiece when the workpiece is quenched after electromagnetic forming can be effectively avoided, and simultaneously, because the strength of the material after heat treatment is greatly improved, the artificial aging is arranged after the electromagnetic forming process due to the consideration of equipment energy consumption and forming difficulty, the discharge energy of electromagnetic forming equipment can be effectively reduced, the electromagnetic forming difficulty is reduced, and meanwhile, the equipment energy consumption and the forming difficulty are reduced, obtaining a formed piece with high dimensional accuracy and large mechanical property improvement amplitude;
2. meanwhile, the invention has wide application range, can be used for various materials with good conductivity, especially for high-conductivity materials such as high-performance light aluminum alloy and the like, can effectively improve the manufacturing capability of the alloy with poor forming performance under the room-temperature quasi-static forming condition, and is suitable for local characteristic forming of large-scale complex-profile metal pipes with the thickness of 1-10 mm;
3. particularly, the invention optimizes the technological parameters in the processes of solution quenching, electromagnetic forming and artificial aging, for example, different heat treatment heat preservation temperatures and times are matched according to the requirements of forming mechanical properties, and different numbers of turns, layers and the like of forming coils are designed according to the thickness of a plate, so that the effects of the aluminum alloy material in heat treatment strengthening and electromagnetic forming plastic deformation strengthening can be comprehensively exerted, and the strength of the component is greatly improved under the condition of ensuring a reasonable plastic range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a composite heat treatment method for electromagnetic forming of aluminum alloy provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for an electromagnetic flanging process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the electromagnetic flanging after forming in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic turn-up;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the distribution of the peripheral flange diameter of an aluminum alloy flange forming member in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows the hardness test results of the characteristic zone of the aluminum alloy flanging forming piece in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1 is the die holder, 2 is the die, 3 is the coil fixing base, 4 is system resistance, 5 is system electric capacity, 6 is the switch, 7 is three-dimensional numerical control moving platform, 8 is the forming coil, 9 is for taking prefabricated hole sheet metal component.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method, including the following steps:
(a) solution quenching
Heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece to 515-545 ℃ and preserving heat for 20-50 min, then cooling the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece in a water-cooling quenching mode to obtain a solution-quenched aluminum alloy workpiece, wherein in order to ensure rapid cooling, a high-temperature solution structure is reserved to the maximum extent, phase precipitation in a cooling process is reduced, and the transfer time of the water-cooling quenching is not more than 10 seconds;
(b) electromagnetic forming
The aluminum alloy workpiece after solution quenching is placed in a die, and the electromagnetic forming treatment is carried out on the local characteristic region to be formed, wherein the voltage is 8 kV-30 kV, so that a semi-finished product is obtained, the electromagnetic forming is used as a high-energy-rate forming technology, the forming performance of the material can be obviously improved, and the aluminum alloy workpiece has the advantages of small rebound of the workpiece, high forming precision, single die forming, no pollution, easiness in flexible control, effective cost reduction and the like, the potential of the material can be fully exerted, and the manufacturing capability of a large-scale complex light-alloy structural member is improved;
(c) artificial ageing of
Heating the semi-finished product to 160-190 ℃, then preserving heat for 4-12 h, and finally naturally cooling in the air to obtain a formed piece.
Further, in the step (a), the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece is an aluminum alloy plate-tube type workpiece having a thickness of 1mm to 10mm, and the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece is made of a heat-treatment-hardenable 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 6XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy or aluminum-scandium alloy.
Further, in the step (b), the forming coil used in the electromagnetic forming treatment is a spiral coil or a planar spiral coil, the section of the forming coil is 2mm × 4mm, wherein the number of layers of the planar spiral coil is 1 to 3, and the number of turns of a single layer is 7 to 15, the more the number of layers of the coil and the number of turns of the single layer, the larger the electromagnetic force borne by the workpiece, the thicker the workpiece to be processed, but the more the energy required correspondingly, so that appropriate voltage and coil parameters can be selected according to different thicknesses of the workpiece;
the electromagnetic forming process can be used for local characteristic forming of local flanging, swelling, blanking, coining, necking, various special-shaped pipes and the like of large-scale components.
Further, the heating process in the steps (a) and (c) includes a fast heating stage and a slow heating stage to prevent the temperature rise rate from being so fast that the temperature in the furnace exceeds the target temperature to cause inaccurate results when the fast heating is performed.
The invention also provides a product prepared by the aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
In the forming and manufacturing of the propellant storage tank of the space-borne rocket, the box body is made of 2219 aluminum alloy, in order to facilitate the connection between the box body and the pipeline, a flanging hole needs to be formed in the local part of the box body, and the method provided by the invention is applied to the scene.
The device for the electromagnetic flanging process is shown in figure 2, a female die 2 is fixed on a lower die holder 1 in a coaxial assembly mode, a sheet metal part 9 with a prefabricated hole is assembled and positioned on the female die 2, a coil fixing seat 3 and the sheet metal part 9 with the prefabricated hole are positioned and then fastened on a three-dimensional numerical control moving platform 7, wherein the inner diameter of the female die 2 is 80mm, and a forming coil 8 is a 3-layer 7-turn planar spiral coil.
The electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment for the 2219 aluminum alloy by using the device comprises the following steps:
(a) solution quenching, namely heating an original annealed 2219 aluminum alloy workpiece in a heating furnace to 535 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching, wherein the quenching transfer time is not more than 10 seconds;
(b) electromagnetic forming, namely assembling the aluminum alloy workpiece subjected to solution quenching in a device shown in figure 2 for electromagnetic flanging, pressing a switch 6, connecting a system capacitor 5 with a system resistor 4, discharging the system capacitor 5 after charging, wherein the forming voltage of the electromagnetic flanging is 12kV, the discharging capacitance is 213 muF, and the discharging energy is 15.34 kJ;
the principle of electromagnetic flanging is shown in fig. 4, when an instantaneous pulse current a passes through a forming coil 8, an induction magnetic field b is generated in the space around the pulse current a, an induction current c in the opposite direction to the pulse current a in the forming coil 8 is generated by the sheet metal part 9 with a prefabricated hole in the induction magnetic field b due to electromagnetic induction, the induction current c interacts with the induction magnetic field b to generate an electromagnetic force d, a sheet suspension area which is not limited by a female die 2 moves away from the forming coil 8 at a variable speed under the action of the electromagnetic force d and is attached to the inner wall of the female die 2 to form a straight-wall flanging characteristic, and the sheet after electromagnetic flanging has an obvious straight-wall characteristic as shown in fig. 3.
(c) Heating the semi-finished product to 175 ℃, then preserving heat for 6h, and finally naturally cooling in air to obtain a formed piece, wherein the circumferential flanging diameter distribution test result of the formed piece is shown in figure 5, the diameters of the formed piece in all directions of the circumference are all larger than 79.5mm, the numerical value fluctuation range is small, the forming error is controlled within the range of 80 +/-0.5 mm, the good circumferential uniformity is kept, the film pasting property is good, the high precision is achieved, the height of a straight wall of the formed piece is 4.68mm, the edge thickness is 2.5mm, the thinning rate is 14%, and all the sizes meet the forming precision requirement.
The mechanical property hardness test is carried out on the characteristic region of the formed piece, the hardness distribution of the test position of a sample is shown in figure 6, wherein (a) a curve is the formed piece prepared by the invention, (b) the curve is the original annealed formed piece, (c) the original annealed sheet material, (d) the aged sheet material is (c) - (c) the straight wall region,
is a circular bead area, and the circular bead area,
compared with the formed piece which is not subjected to composite heat treatment, the formed piece prepared by the invention has greatly improved hardness of each characteristic region, the hardness of the straight wall region is improved from about 68HV to about 110HV, and the undeformed region
The hardness of the straight wall area is increased from about 49HV to about 95HV, namely the hardness of the straight wall area is increased by 62 percent after the whole process of the invention, and the area is not deformed
The hardness of the alloy is improved by 94 percent after the full-flow process of the invention.
In conclusion, analysis shows that the dimension error of a formed part obtained by the aluminum alloy material through the electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method of solution quenching, electromagnetic forming and artificial aging is within +/-0.5 mm, the dimension precision is high, the hardness is improved by more than 62%, and the mechanical property is greatly improved.
Example 2
(a) Solution quenching
Heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece to 515 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and then cooling the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece in a water-cooling quenching mode to obtain a solid-solution quenched aluminum alloy workpiece;
(b) electromagnetic forming
Placing the aluminum alloy workpiece subjected to solution quenching in a die, and performing electromagnetic forming treatment on a local characteristic region to be formed, wherein the voltage is 8kV, the number of layers of a planar spiral coil is 1, and the number of turns of a single layer is 11, so that a semi-finished product is obtained;
(c) artificial ageing of
Heating the semi-finished product to 160 ℃, then preserving heat for 4 hours, and finally naturally cooling in the air to obtain a formed piece.
Example 3
(a) Solution quenching
Heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece to 520 ℃ and preserving heat for 30min, and then cooling the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece in a water-cooling quenching mode to obtain a solid-solution quenched aluminum alloy workpiece;
(b) electromagnetic forming
Placing the aluminum alloy workpiece subjected to solution quenching in a die, and performing electromagnetic forming treatment on a local characteristic region to be formed, wherein the voltage is 18kV, the number of layers of a planar spiral coil is 2, and the number of turns of a single layer is 15, so that a semi-finished product is obtained;
(c) artificial ageing of
Heating the semi-finished product to 180 ℃, then preserving heat for 8h, and finally naturally cooling in the air to obtain a formed piece.
Example 4
(a) Solution quenching
Heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece to 530 ℃ and preserving heat for 50min, and then cooling the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece in a water-cooling quenching mode to obtain a solid-solution quenched aluminum alloy workpiece;
(b) electromagnetic forming
Placing the aluminum alloy workpiece subjected to solution quenching in a die, and performing electromagnetic forming treatment on a local characteristic region to be formed, wherein the voltage is 25kV, the number of layers of a planar spiral coil is 3, and the number of turns of a single layer is 11, so that a semi-finished product is obtained;
(c) artificial ageing of
Heating the semi-finished product to 185 ℃, then preserving heat for 12 hours, and finally naturally cooling in air to obtain a formed piece.
Example 5
(a) Solution quenching
Heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece to 545 ℃ and preserving heat for 40min, and then cooling the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece in a water-cooling quenching mode to obtain a solution-quenched aluminum alloy workpiece;
(b) electromagnetic forming
Placing the aluminum alloy workpiece subjected to solution quenching in a die, and performing electromagnetic forming treatment on a local characteristic region to be formed, wherein the voltage is 30kV, the number of layers of a planar spiral coil is 3, and the number of turns of a single layer is 15, so that a semi-finished product is obtained;
(c) artificial ageing of
Heating the semi-finished product to 190 ℃, then preserving heat for 10 hours, and finally naturally cooling in the air to obtain a formed piece.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The composite heat treatment method for the electromagnetic forming of the aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(a) solution quenching
Heating the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece to 515-545 ℃ and preserving heat for 20-50 min, and then cooling the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece in a water cooling quenching mode to obtain a solution-quenched aluminum alloy workpiece, wherein the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece is made of a 2XXX series aluminum alloy, a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, a 7XXX series aluminum alloy, an aluminum-lithium alloy or an aluminum-scandium alloy;
(b) electromagnetic forming
Placing the aluminum alloy workpiece subjected to solution quenching in a die, and performing electromagnetic forming treatment on a local characteristic region to be formed so as to obtain a semi-finished product;
(c) artificial ageing of
Heating the semi-finished product, preserving heat for a preset time, and naturally cooling in the air to obtain a formed piece, wherein the heating temperature is 160-190 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-12 hours.
2. The aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method of claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the annealed aluminum alloy workpiece is an aluminum alloy plate and tube workpiece having a thickness of 1mm to 10 mm.
3. The aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the transfer time of the water-cooling quenching is not more than 10 seconds.
4. The aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the voltage at which the electromagnetic forming treatment is performed is 8kV to 30 kV.
5. The aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the forming coil used in the electromagnetic forming treatment is a helical coil or a planar helical coil.
6. The aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (b), the number of layers of the planar spiral coil is 1 to 3, and the number of turns of a single layer is 7 to 15.
7. A product prepared by the aluminum alloy electromagnetic forming composite heat treatment method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN103255326A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Aluminum alloy extruded material for electro-magnetic forming |
| CN105543738A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-04 | 华中科技大学 | Thermo-mechanical treatment method for aluminum alloy |
| CN106676437A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-17 | 首都航天机械公司 | Aluminum-alloy tank melon petal punching device and punching method |
| CN109732206A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of whole process processing method suitable for heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103255326A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Aluminum alloy extruded material for electro-magnetic forming |
| CN106676437A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-17 | 首都航天机械公司 | Aluminum-alloy tank melon petal punching device and punching method |
| CN105543738A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-04 | 华中科技大学 | Thermo-mechanical treatment method for aluminum alloy |
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