CN115077760B - Residual stress test auxiliary device and test method - Google Patents
Residual stress test auxiliary device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115077760B CN115077760B CN202210703961.3A CN202210703961A CN115077760B CN 115077760 B CN115077760 B CN 115077760B CN 202210703961 A CN202210703961 A CN 202210703961A CN 115077760 B CN115077760 B CN 115077760B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a residual stress test auxiliary device and a test method, wherein the auxiliary device comprises an upper end cover, a cylinder body and a base, the upper end cover is a circular plate with parallel upper and lower surfaces, a small hole is formed in the center of the circular plate, the small hole penetrates through the upper and lower surfaces of the circular plate, the cylinder wall is a transparent cylindrical cylinder body, the wall thickness of the cylindrical cylinder body is uniform, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the cylindrical cylinder body are parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical cylinder body; the base is a circular plate with parallel upper and lower surfaces, the upper surface of the circular plate is marked with a central point and annular scales, the central point is positioned at the center of the circular plate, and the lower surface of the circular plate is connected with three identical small cones. During testing, three small cones are adhered to the surface of a sample, and the vertical relationship is determined by adjusting the relationship between the center of a laser beam spot passing through a small hole of the upper end cover and the center point and the annular scale of the upper surface of the base. The invention does not need to horizontally adjust the residual stress tester, simplifies the outgoing use of the portable X-ray residual stress tester, and is simultaneously suitable for in-situ testing of non-horizontal samples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tests and tests, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the surface of an auxiliary test sample for testing residual stress.
Background
The X-ray residual stress test has been widely recognized as a rapid non-destructive testing method for residual stress on the surface of a material. In engineering application, residual stress cannot be measured under optimal conditions in the test process due to the characteristic of complex and diversified part structures. When the residual stress test is carried out, the region to be tested is aligned with a visual or locator, so that the region to be tested is accurately placed in the center of a test point indicated by an instrument. Using X-ray with wavelength lambda to irradiate the sample at different incident angles several times successively, measuring the corresponding diffraction angle 2 theta, and obtaining 2 theta to sin 2 Slope M of ψ allows calculation of stressWhere ψ is the angle between the diffraction crystal plane normal and the sample surface normal, and when the sample surface is not perpendicular to the instrument, this will result in either an increase or a decrease in ψ. The larger the inclination angle between the surface of the sample and the instrument is, the +.>The larger the error of (2). No clear method exists in the GB/T7704 nondestructive testing X-ray stress measurement method and GJB 10056-2021 aero-engine metal material residual stress test method for sample positioning.
In actual testing, the sample surface is typically made perpendicular to the instrument by visual or level. The visual method relies on the experience of the tester, and it is difficult to ensure that the surface of the sample is perpendicular to the instrument. The use of a level requires that the apparatus be brought to level and then the level be used to level the surface of the sample. The level is only suitable for the horizontal placement of the instrument, and the bottom plane of the level is difficult to represent the test surface of a complex part because of no special level, so that the surface of a sample is difficult to be ensured to be vertical to the instrument. In order to solve the above problems, it is highly desirable to design a device and a method for testing the surface of an auxiliary test specimen for testing residual stress.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a residual stress test auxiliary device and a test method, improve the accuracy of residual stress test and solve the problem that the surface of a sample is not vertical to a residual stress analysis instrument.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a residual stress test auxiliary device comprises,
the upper end cover is a circular plate with parallel upper and lower surfaces, a small hole is formed in the center of the circular plate, and the small hole penetrates through the upper and lower surfaces of the circular plate;
the cylinder wall is a transparent cylindrical cylinder body, the wall thickness of the cylindrical cylinder body is uniform, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the cylindrical cylinder body are parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical cylinder body;
the base is a circular plate with parallel upper and lower surfaces, the upper surface of the circular plate is marked with a center point and an annular scale, the center point is positioned at the center of the circular plate, the annular scale is a plurality of circumferences which take the center of the circular plate as the center and have different diameters, the lower surface of the circular plate is connected with three identical small cones, the bottom surfaces of the small cones are connected with the lower surface of the circular plate, and the centers of the bottom surfaces of the three small cones are respectively positioned at three vertexes of an equilateral triangle on the lower surface of the circular plate;
the lower surface of the upper end cover is tightly attached to the upper end face of the cylinder wall, the lower end face of the cylinder wall is tightly attached to the upper surface of the base, a plane is defined by the vertexes of the three small cones, an axis is defined by the connecting line of the circle center of the upper end cover and the circle center of the base, and the axis is perpendicular to the plane.
Further, the outer diameters of the upper end cover, the cylinder wall and the base are equal.
As an alternative to this, the first and second,
the upper end cover is a circular plate made of metal;
the cylinder wall is a cylindrical cylinder made of organic glass;
the base is a circular plate made of metal.
As an alternative to this, the first and second,
the upper surface of the base is coated with white matte paint primer;
black matte paint is coated along the circumference of the annular scale;
the center point is coated with black matte paint.
Alternatively, the annular scale comprises three circumferences of different diameters, and the diameters of the three circumferences are 2.4mm, 4.9mm and 7.5mm in sequence.
Alternatively, the small cone is made of metal, the diameter of the bottom surface of the small cone is 2mm, and the height of the small cone is 1.1mm.
Alternatively, the upper end cover, the cylinder wall and the base are formed into a whole by gluing.
Further, the residual stress test auxiliary device further comprises a double faced adhesive tape, one surface of the double faced adhesive tape is adhered to the surface of the sample, and the other surface of the double faced adhesive tape is adhered to the vertexes of the three small cones.
The residual stress testing method adopts the auxiliary device for testing the residual stress, and comprises the following steps of,
the upper end cover, the cylinder wall and the base are assembled, wherein the lower surface of the upper end cover is ensured to be clung to the upper end surface of the cylinder wall, and the lower end surface of the cylinder wall is ensured to be clung to the upper surface of the base;
step one, opening a laser beam which passes through a collimator and is carried by an X-ray residual stress analyzer, and adjusting the angle of the collimator to enable the collimator to return to an initial zero position of the X-ray residual stress analyzer;
attaching double-sided adhesive tape to the test area on the surface of the sample, adhering the vertexes of the three small cones to the double-sided adhesive tape, and enabling the center of the test area of the sample to be positioned on an axis determined by connecting the center of the upper end cover with the center of the base; the test area is an area selected according to the purpose or the requirement of the test, and the center of the test area is the center of the area selected according to the purpose or the requirement of the test;
moving the sample, enabling the laser beam to pass through the small hole of the upper end cover, and enabling the laser beam to be positioned on the annular scale on the upper surface of the base by adjusting the position of the sample so that the surface of the sample is approximately perpendicular to the collimator (namely, enabling the surface of the sample to be basically perpendicular to the collimator);
step four, fine adjusting the sample to enable the spot center of the laser beam to coincide with the center point of the base, wherein at the moment, the plane vertical collimator is determined by the three vertexes of the three small cones;
and fifthly, stabilizing the position of the sample, taking down the residual stress test auxiliary device, tearing off the double faced adhesive tape on the surface of the sample, cleaning the surface to be tested of the sample, and carrying out the residual stress test.
Alternatively, the residual stress test method described above is applied to in situ testing of non-horizontal specimens.
In the third step, when the vertexes of the three small cones cannot be simultaneously contacted with the double-sided adhesive tape on the surface of the sample, the curvature radius of the test surface of the sample is not satisfied with the test requirement, the purpose of controlling the curvature radius of the test surface of the sample is achieved, and at the moment, if the test is continued, the test result is not reliable, namely, the test is not suggested to be carried out by the sample with the curvature radius, and the test is not reliable and has no meaning. At this time, the residual stress test auxiliary device (for example, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the equilateral triangle distributed by the three small cones is reduced) which can meet the requirement that the vertexes of the three small cones simultaneously contact the surface of the sample is replaced, or the surface of the sample is reselected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
at present, the surface of a sample is generally perpendicular to the instrument by visual inspection or a level meter during residual stress test. The visual method relies on the experience of the tester, and it is difficult to ensure that the surface of the sample is perpendicular to the instrument. The use of a level requires that the apparatus be brought to level and then the level be used to level the surface of the sample. The level is only suitable for the horizontal placement of the instrument, and the bottom plane of the level is difficult to represent the test surface of a complex part because of no special level, so that the surface of a sample is difficult to be ensured to be vertical to the instrument. No method is provided for ensuring the vertical instrument of the surface of the sample when the GB/T7704 nondestructive testing X-ray stress measurement method and GJB 10056-2021 aero-engine metal material residual stress test method are used for positioning the sample.
Firstly, the auxiliary device adopts the plane where the vertexes of three small cones (3 points of the tip) are positioned to represent the test surface of the sample, and the collimator of the vertical X-ray residual stress analyzer of the represented plane is enabled to achieve the aim of the vertical instrument of most of the test surface of the sample by the principle that two points are positioned in a line (namely, the axes determined by the circle center of the upper end cover and the circle center of the base); under the limit condition, the included angle between the plane where the 3 points of the three small cone tips are located and the test surface is not more than 20 degrees, and the included angle between the plane and the test surface is generally less than 5 degrees, so that the azimuth angle psi of the diffraction crystal face collected by the instrument is more approximate to the true value, and the effect of improving the accuracy of the residual stress test is achieved.
And secondly, the auxiliary device does not need to horizontally adjust the instrument when in use, simplifies the outgoing use of the portable X-ray residual stress tester, and is simultaneously suitable for in-situ test of non-horizontal samples.
In addition, the heights and the distributed diameters (the diameters of the circumscribed circles of the equilateral triangles) of the three small cones are adjusted, so that the curvature radius of the test area of the sample can be controlled at the same time, and when the curvature radius is larger than a specified value, three points of the tips of the three small cones cannot be fully contacted with the test surface, so that whether the curvature radius of the test surface of the sample meets the test requirement is judged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an auxiliary device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of section B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of section C-C of FIG. 1;
in the figure, 1-collimator; 2-a laser beam; 3-an upper end cap; 4-a cylinder wall; 5-a base.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but it should not be construed that the scope of the subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and various modifications, substitutions and alterations made according to the ordinary skill and familiar means of the art to which this invention pertains are included within the scope of the present invention without departing from the above technical idea of the invention.
In this embodiment, the design concept of the test auxiliary device is as follows:
(1) The laser beam 2 passes through the collimator 1 in parallel (namely, the collimator 1 outputs parallel laser beams, the aperture of the collimator 1 can be 2mm or more, and the parallel pass is used for providing precision so as to judge the degree of the axis of the surface of a sample and an instrument), and the angle of the collimator 1 is adjusted to enable the collimator to return to the initial zero position of the X-ray residual stress analyzer;
(2) The upper end cover 3 is a metal circular plate with small holes, and the small holes are positioned in the center of the circular plate;
(3) The cylinder wall 4 is a cylindrical cylinder made of transparent materials, the wall thickness of the cylindrical cylinder is uniform, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the cylindrical cylinder are parallel and perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical cylinder;
(4) The base 5 is a metal circular plate with a plurality of annular scales and central points on the upper surface, the circle centers of the annular scales are coincident with the circle centers of the circular plate, three inverted small cones distributed in a 120-degree circumference manner are fixed on the lower surface of the circular plate, or the circle centers of the bottom surfaces of the three small cones are distributed at the top points of the same equilateral triangle, and the circumscribed circle determined by the equilateral triangle is the circumference;
(5) The outer diameters of the upper end cover 3, the cylinder wall 4 and the base 5 are the same, the axis formed by connecting the center of the upper end cover 3 and the center of the base 5 is vertical to the plane determined by 3 points of the tips of the three small cones, the upper end cover 3, the cylinder wall 4 and the base 5 are connected into a whole to form a residual stress test auxiliary sample surface vertical device, and the device is connected (for example, glued) to form a whole before use;
(6) Sticking double-sided adhesive tape on the test area of the surface of the sample, sticking the tips of three small cones of the auxiliary device on the double-sided adhesive tape, and enabling the center of the test area to be positioned on the axis of the auxiliary device;
(7) Moving the sample, enabling the laser beam 2 to pass through a small hole of the upper end cover 3 of the auxiliary device, and roughly adjusting the sample vertical instrument to enable the laser beam 2 to be positioned on an annular scale on the upper surface of the base 5;
(8) The centers of laser spots of the laser beams 2 are positioned at different annular scales which represent different angles of inclination of the sample surface, the annular scales with diameters of 2.4mm, 4.9mm and 7.5mm represent 5 DEG, 10 DEG and 15 DEG of inclination of the sample surface respectively, the samples are finely adjusted, the centers of the laser spots coincide with the center point of the base 5, and at the moment, the plane determined by the 3 points of the tips of three small cones of the auxiliary device is vertical to the instrument;
(9) And taking down the auxiliary device, tearing off the double faced adhesive tape on the surface of the sample, and carrying out residual stress test.
The auxiliary device and the residual stress testing method of the present invention are further described below with reference to fig. 1 to 4. In this embodiment, a PROTO IXRD-MG40P type X-ray residual stress analyzer is taken as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) The upper end cover 3 is a stainless steel circular plate with small holes, the outer diameter is 9mm, the thickness is 1mm, and the small holes are positioned at the center of the circular plate and the diameter is 1mm.
(2) The cylinder wall 4 is a transparent organic glass cylindrical cylinder body, the outer diameter of the cylindrical cylinder body is 9mm, the wall thickness is 1mm, the length is 14mm, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the cylindrical cylinder body are parallel and perpendicular to the axial direction of the cylindrical cylinder body.
(3) The base 5 is a stainless steel circular plate, the outer diameter is 9mm, the thickness is 1mm, the upper surface of the circular plate is coated with white matt paint primer, the upper surface of the circular plate is coated with 3 annular scales and central points by adopting black matt paint, the circle centers and the central points of the annular scales are overlapped with the circle centers of the circular plate, the diameters of the 3 annular scales are 2.4mm, 4.9mm and 7.5mm respectively, 3 inverted small cones (the bottom surfaces of the cones are connected with the lower surface of the circular plate) which are distributed in a 120-degree circumference are fixed on the lower surface of the circular plate, the material of the small cones is stainless steel, and the diameter is 2mm and the height is 1.1mm; the radius of curvature of the test surface of the test specimen controlled at this time was about 6mm (3 times that of the 2mm collimator 1).
(4) The center of the upper end cover 3 and the center of the base 5 are connected to form a plane with the axis vertical to the planes determined by 3 points of the tips of the 3 small cones, and the upper end cover 3, the cylinder wall 4 and the base 5 are fastened and connected into a whole by glue to form the residual stress test auxiliary sample surface vertical device.
(5) The laser beam 2 passing through the collimator 1 is turned on, and the collimator 1 is adjusted in angle to return the collimator 1 to the original zero position of the X-ray residual stress analyzer, i.e. the beta axis returns to the starting point.
(6) A double-sided adhesive tape with the thickness of 0.1mm is attached to the surface test area of the sample, the tips of the 3 small cones of the auxiliary device are adhered to the double-sided adhesive tape, and the center of the area, to be tested, of the sample is positioned on the axis of the auxiliary device.
(7) The sample is moved so that the laser beam 2 passes through the aperture of the upper end cap 3 of the auxiliary device and the laser beam 2 is positioned on the annular scale on the upper surface of the base 5 by adjusting so that the surface of the sample is substantially perpendicular to the collimator 1.
(8) The laser spot centers of the laser beams 2 are positioned on different annular scales which represent different angles of inclination of the sample surface, the annular scales with diameters of 2.4mm, 4.9mm and 7.5mm represent 5 degrees, 10 degrees and 15 degrees of inclination of the sample surface respectively, the sample is finely adjusted, the spot centers of the laser beams 2 are overlapped with the center point of the base 5, and at the moment, the plane defined by 3 points of the tips of the 3 small cones of the auxiliary device is vertical to the collimator 1.
(9) And (3) stabilizing the position of the sample, taking down the auxiliary device, tearing off the double faced adhesive tape on the surface of the sample, cleaning the surface to be tested of the sample, and carrying out residual stress test.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a residual stress test auxiliary device which characterized in that: comprising the steps of (a) a step of,
the upper end cover (3) is a circular plate with parallel upper and lower surfaces, a small hole is formed in the center of the circular plate, and the small hole penetrates through the upper and lower surfaces of the circular plate;
the cylinder wall (4) is a transparent cylindrical cylinder body, the wall thickness of the cylindrical cylinder body is uniform, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the cylindrical cylinder body are parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical cylinder body;
the base (5) is a circular plate with parallel upper and lower surfaces, the upper surface of the circular plate is marked with a center point and an annular scale, the center point is positioned at the center of the circular plate, the annular scale is a plurality of circumferences which take the center of the circular plate as the center and have different diameters, the lower surface of the circular plate is connected with three identical small cones, the bottom surfaces of the small cones are connected with the lower surface of the circular plate, and the centers of the bottom surfaces of the three small cones are respectively positioned at three vertexes of an equilateral triangle on the lower surface of the circular plate;
the lower surface of the upper end cover (3) is tightly attached to the upper end face of the cylinder wall (4), the lower end face of the cylinder wall (4) is tightly attached to the upper surface of the base (5), a plane is defined by the vertexes of three small cones, an axis is defined by the connecting line of the circle center of the upper end cover (3) and the circle center of the base (5), and the axis is perpendicular to the plane.
2. The residual stress testing aid according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameters of the upper end cover (3), the cylinder wall (4) and the base (5) are equal.
3. The residual stress testing aid according to claim 1, wherein:
the upper end cover (3) is a circular plate made of metal;
the cylinder wall (4) is a cylindrical cylinder made of organic glass;
the base (5) is a circular plate made of metal.
4. The residual stress testing aid according to claim 1, wherein:
the upper surface of the base (5) is coated with white matt paint primer;
black matte paint is coated along the circumference of the annular scale;
the center point is coated with black matte paint.
5. The residual stress testing aid according to claim 1, wherein: the annular scale comprises three circumferences with different diameters, and the diameters of the three circumferences are 2.4mm, 4.9mm and 7.5mm in sequence.
6. The residual stress testing aid according to claim 1, wherein: the small cone is made of metal, the diameter of the bottom surface of the small cone is 2mm, and the height of the small cone is 1.1mm.
7. The residual stress testing aid according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end cover (3), the cylinder wall (4) and the base (5) are glued to form a whole.
8. The residual stress testing aid according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a double faced adhesive tape, wherein one surface of the double faced adhesive tape is adhered to the surface of the sample, and the other surface of the double faced adhesive tape is adhered to the vertexes of the three small cones.
9. A residual stress testing method is characterized in that: with the residual stress testing aid as claimed in claim 8, the testing method comprises,
step one, opening a laser beam (2) which passes through a collimator (1) and is carried by an X-ray residual stress analyzer, and adjusting the angle of the collimator (1) to enable the collimator (1) to return to an initial zero position of the X-ray residual stress analyzer;
attaching double-sided adhesive tape to the test area on the surface of the sample, adhering the vertexes of the three small cones to the double-sided adhesive tape, and enabling the center of the test area to be positioned on an axis determined by connecting the center of the upper end cover (3) with the center of the base (5);
moving the sample, enabling the laser beam (2) to pass through a small hole of the upper end cover (3), and enabling the laser beam (2) to be positioned on an annular scale on the upper surface of the base (5) by adjusting the sample surface to be approximately perpendicular to the collimator (1);
step four, fine-adjusting the sample to enable the spot center of the laser beam (2) to coincide with the center point of the base (5), wherein at the moment, the plane vertical collimator (1) is determined by the three vertexes of the three small cones;
and fifthly, stabilizing the position of the sample, taking down the residual stress test auxiliary device, tearing off the double faced adhesive tape on the surface of the sample, cleaning the surface to be tested of the sample, and carrying out the residual stress test.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: in the third step, when the vertexes of the three small cones cannot simultaneously contact the double-sided adhesive tape on the surface of the sample, the curvature radius of the test surface of the sample is not satisfied with the test requirement, and at the moment, the residual stress test auxiliary device capable of satisfying the requirement that the vertexes of the three small cones simultaneously contact the surface of the sample is replaced or the surface of the sample is reselected.
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