CN115077511B - Hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope capable of switching polarization modes - Google Patents
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- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber optic gyroscopes, in particular to a polarization mode switchable hollow-core microstructure fiber optic gyroscope which comprises a light source, a circulator, a Y waveguide, two orthogonal polarized light switching units, a hollow microstructure fiber loop, a photoelectric detector and a modulation and demodulation circuit board. The device provided by the invention can switch the polarized light transmission mode in the alignment polarization axis alignment process of the ring tail fiber and the Y waveguide, thereby ensuring that the gyroscope selects the optimal polarization light guide mode and ensuring the stability of the gyroscope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber optic gyroscopes, in particular to a hollow-core microstructure fiber optic gyroscope capable of switching polarization modes.
Background
The optical fiber gyroscope is an angular rate optical sensor which adopts optical fibers as sensing media, and the physical properties of intrinsic materials of the optical fibers are key factors for determining the environmental adaptability level of the optical fiber gyroscope. Compared with the traditional solid core optical fiber, the hollow micro-structure optical fiber constructs a completely new light guide mechanism through the cladding micro-structure, so that light waves are efficiently bound in the air fiber core for transmission, are not sensitive to the influence of heat, magnetism, irradiation and the like in the environment, can realize ideal high-stability light transmission, and is expected to fundamentally and greatly improve the environmental adaptability of the fiber optic gyroscope.
In the application of the fiber optic gyroscope, the hollow-core microstructure fiber needs to be wound into a ring and is subjected to light path assembly with the Y waveguide to form a Sagnac interference light path, namely a fiber optic gyroscope sensitive core component. The traditional welding light path assembly mode can cause the collapse of the internal microstructure of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber, therefore, the direct spatial coupling of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring and the Y waveguide is an ideal mode for light path assembly, and when the direct spatial coupling is carried out, firstly, the collimation loss of coupling needs to be controlled, and secondly, the polarization counter axis needs to be realized.
The hollow micro-structure optical fiber is characterized in that an air micropore structure with end face periodic structure arrangement penetrates through the whole optical fiber along the axial direction on a single dielectric material (pure silicon dioxide). Because an air medium is adopted for guiding light, the polarization-maintaining hollow-core microstructure optical fiber can realize high birefringence only based on a mode anti-cross coupling effect, the thickness difference of glass walls around the air fiber core in two orthogonal directions needs to be designed in a differentiation mode, and the thickness difference is generally controlled in a nanometer level. Thickness differentiation on the order of nanometers is not sufficient to create a clearly observable polarization axis geometry. Therefore, when the hollow-core microstructure fiber loop and the Y waveguide are directly coupled in space, the polarization-alignment axis can be realized only by means of optical measurement. The direct space coupling process comprises the steps of firstly carrying out collimation coupling on a Y waveguide and a tail fiber at one end of a hollow-core microstructure optical fiber loop, collimating and rotating the loop tail fiber by taking the light transmission power and the extinction ratio at the other end of the loop as feedback indexes, and realizing the coupling loss and polarization axis alignment control of the end tail fiber; and then, carrying out collimation coupling on the Y waveguide and the tail fiber at the other end of the hollow microstructure optical fiber ring to form a Sagnac closed loop, collimating and rotating the tail fiber of the ring by taking the return light power at the single end of the Y waveguide as a feedback index, and realizing the coupling loss and polarization axis control of the tail fiber at the end.
Therefore, the alignment and polarization counter-axis of the tail fiber of the hollow microstructure optical fiber loop and the Y waveguide can be realized by adopting an optical measurement mode. However, after the alignment is completed, it is unknown whether the principal polarization axis aligned is the slow or fast axis of the hollow-core microstructured fiber. The slow axis and the fast axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber are perpendicular to each other in direction, and have difference in light guiding performance, and the slow axis light guide has stronger capability of resisting external interference. Therefore, the polarization countershaft between the ring of the hollow-core microstructure fiber and the Y waveguide cannot ensure that the optimal polarization light guide mode is selected, and uncertainty influence is caused on the stability of the hollow-core microstructure fiber gyroscope.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope capable of switching polarization modes, which can switch two orthogonal polarized light transmission modes in the alignment and polarization axis alignment processes of a tail fiber of a hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic loop and a Y waveguide, thereby ensuring that the gyroscope selects an optimal polarization light guide mode and ensuring the stability of the hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a hollow-core micro-structure fiber optic gyroscope capable of switching polarization modes comprises a light source, a circulator, a Y waveguide, two orthogonal polarized light switching units, hollow micro-structure fiber loops, a photoelectric detector and a modulation and demodulation circuit board, wherein each orthogonal polarized light switching unit comprises a polarizer, a structural support body, a magneto-optical rotatory crystal and a coil, the polarizer is fixed with the front end of the structural support body, the magneto-optical rotatory crystal is inserted into a central hole of the structural support body, the coil is wound on the outer wall of the structural support body, the light source is coupled with an input port of the circulator, an output port of the circulator is coupled with an input end of the Y waveguide, two tail fibers of the Y waveguide are coupled with polarizers of the corresponding orthogonal polarized light switching units through fiber alignment sealing joints respectively, two tail fibers of the hollow micro-structure fiber optic gyroscope are coupled with the magneto-optical rotatory crystal of the corresponding orthogonal polarized light switching unit through fiber alignment sealing joints respectively, an input end of the photoelectric detector is coupled with a detection port of the circulator, an output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with an input end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board through a cable, an output end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board is connected with an upper computer cable, and a control end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board is connected with coil terminals of the two orthogonal polarized light switching units through cables.
Further, the feedback end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board is connected with the Y waveguide through a cable.
Optimally, the end part of the structural support body is provided with a flange, so that the structural support body and the polarizer are conveniently fixed.
Preferably, the polarizer and the structural support flange are fixedly bonded.
Preferably, the magnetooptical crystal is adhesively secured to the structural support.
Preferably, the light source is a broadband light source.
Furthermore, the optical fiber collimation sealing joint comprises an optical fiber, a ceramic ferrule, a collimation lens, a metal sheath and a sealing rubber ring, the ceramic ferrule is mounted in the metal sheath and is sealed and fixed with the metal sheath through the sealing rubber ring, the collimation lens is fixedly mounted at the front end of the metal sheath and is sealed and fixed through the sealing rubber ring, the optical fiber is fixedly inserted in the ceramic ferrule, the front end of the optical fiber extends out of the ceramic ferrule, and a gap between the optical fiber and the ceramic ferrule is filled with colloid.
Advantageous effects of the invention
The hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope capable of switching the polarization mode provided by the invention has the following advantages: under the polarization mode switching state, two beams of light transmitted in opposite directions sequentially pass through the two orthogonal polarization switching units, so that the transmitted light is only switched into the polarization mode in the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring, and is returned to the Y waveguide after being transmitted for one circle and is converted into the original polarization mode when converging and interfering, the reciprocity of the Sagnac interferometer is not damaged in the whole polarization mode switching process, and the stability of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber gyroscope is favorably ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an orthogonal polarized light switching unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hollow-core microstructured optical fiber polarization-maintaining design;
FIG. 4 is a switched polarization mode gyroscope output curve;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an optical fiber alignment seal structure;
in the figure: 1. the optical fiber polarization conversion device comprises a light source, 2. A circulator, 3. A Y waveguide, 4. An optical fiber collimation sealing joint, 5. An orthogonal polarized light switching unit, 6. A hollow microstructure optical fiber ring, 7. An upper computer, 8. A modulation and demodulation circuit board, 9. A photoelectric detector, 10. A structural support, 11. A magneto-rotatory crystal, 12. A polarizer, 13. A coil, 14. A metal sheath, 15. A collimation lens, 16. A ceramic ferrule and 17. An optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The schematic structural diagram of a hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope capable of switching polarization modes is shown in figure 1, and the hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope comprises a light source 1, a circulator 2, a Y waveguide 3, two orthogonal polarized light switching units 5, a hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic ring 6, a photoelectric detector 9 and a modulation and demodulation circuit board 8.
Each orthogonal polarized light switching unit comprises a polarizer 12, a structural support 10, a magneto-optical rotation crystal 11 and a coil 13, wherein the polarizer is fixed with the front end of the structural support, the magneto-optical rotation crystal is inserted into a central hole of the structural support, and the coil is wound on the outer wall of the structural support. The polarizer is used for polarizing input light so as to reduce the precision requirement on the axis angle of polarization of the Y waveguide, the deviation of the axis angle is large, only light intensity is lost and polarization cross coupling cannot be generated, polarization-related noise is further avoided from being generated in the gyroscope, and the direction of the light passing axis of the polarizer is consistent with that of an original transmission polarization mode. When the coil is electrified, a saturation magnetic field can be formed, and input light penetrating through the magneto-optical rotation crystal can be rotated by 90 degrees based on the Faraday effect. Whether the coil is electrified or not determines whether the input light rotates by 90 degrees or not, the magnetic field disappears when the coil is powered off, and the magneto-optical rotation crystal does not rotate the transmission light.
The light source is coupled with an input port of the circulator, an output port of the circulator is coupled with an input end of the Y waveguide, two tail fibers of the Y waveguide are respectively coupled with polarizers of corresponding orthogonal polarized light switching units through optical fiber collimation sealing joints 4, two tail fibers of the hollow microstructure optical fiber ring are respectively coupled with magneto-rotatory crystal of the corresponding orthogonal polarized light switching units through optical fiber collimation sealing joints, an input end of the photoelectric detector is coupled with a detection port of the circulator, an output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with an input end of a modulation and demodulation circuit board through a cable, an output end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board is connected with an upper computer 7 through a cable, and a control end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board is connected with coil terminals of the two orthogonal polarized light switching units through cables.
The hollow-core microstructure optical fiber is characterized in that air holes arranged in an end face periodic structure penetrate through the whole optical fiber along the axial direction on a single dielectric material, and a specific cladding microstructure is adopted to form an air fiber core light guide mechanism. The optical fiber realizes air light guide and is a subversive technical element for the development of the optical fiber gyroscope. The hollow-core micro-structure optical fiber adopts air as a transmission medium, and cannotStress birefringence is generated by virtue of a photoelastic effect, structural birefringence cannot be effectively formed in a weak conduction state, and a mode anti-cross coupling effect can be excited to form high birefringence only by the design of thickness difference of the glass wall of the microstructure in the vertical direction, so that the polarization maintaining capability is good. The design schematic diagram of the polarization maintaining hollow-core microstructure optical fiber is shown in figure 3, and the thickness t of the microstructure glass wall in the vertical direction of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber1The difference with the thickness t of the microstructure glass wall in other directions is in nanometer magnitude, so that obvious polarization axial geometric characteristics cannot be formed, and the polarization slow axis and the polarization fast axis of the microstructure glass wall are not observable except by means of a high-magnification scanning electron microscope technology. Therefore, in the application of the gyroscope, the polarization axis alignment of the hollow microstructure optical fiber can be realized only by adopting an optical measurement mode, but whether the aligned polarization main axis is a slow axis or a fast axis cannot be identified, the slow axis and the fast axis are perpendicular and orthogonal in the direction, and the difference exists in the light guide performance. The uncertainty of the selection of the transmission light polarization main shaft brings uncertainty influence on the stability of the hollow microstructure fiber optic gyroscope.
Therefore, two orthogonal polarized light switching units are designed in the hollow microstructure fiber optic gyroscope, and the specific explosion structure diagram of the orthogonal polarized light switching units is shown in figure 2. Light emitted by a light source enters an input port of a circulator, the light is output to a Y waveguide for polarization and beam splitting from an output port of the circulator, two tail fibers of the Y waveguide are respectively coupled and aligned and polarized in an axis through an optical fiber collimation sealing joint and two orthogonal polarization switching units, two tail fibers of a hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring are also respectively coupled and aligned and polarized in an axis through the optical fiber collimation sealing joint and the two orthogonal polarization switching units, the orthogonal polarization switching units can realize free switching of two orthogonal polarization modes, at the time, a closed light path formed by the Y waveguide, the two orthogonal polarization switching units and the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring forms a Sagnac interference light path, two light waves split by the Y waveguide are oppositely transmitted in the Sagnac interference light path, the two light waves finally reach the Y waveguide for converging and interfering after being transmitted for one circle, the phase difference between the two light beams is proportional to a rotation angular velocity, the interference light intensity returns to the output port of the circulator, and is transmitted to a detector through a detection port of the circulator for photoelectric conversion into an electric signal which is transmitted to a modulation demodulation circuit board, the electric signal is demodulated by the modulation circuit board to obtain an output signal of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring, and the gyroscope can form a gyroscope output curve according to an upper computer.
Then the polarization transmission mode of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring can be switched, coil terminals of two orthogonal polarization switching units are controlled by a modulation and demodulation circuit board to supply power simultaneously, the two orthogonal polarization switching units realize rotation of transmission light based on the Faraday effect, two beams of light which are transmitted oppositely from Y waveguide beam splitting are polarized and rotated by 90 degrees by the first orthogonal polarization switching unit at the corresponding ring starting section respectively, input light in an opposite original state is adjusted to be in the orthogonal polarization mode, the light is transmitted in the ring for one circle in the orthogonal polarization mode and then reaches the other end of the ring to be output, at the moment, the light is reversely rotated by 90 degrees again in the same direction by the second orthogonal polarization switching unit, the transmission light returns to the original polarization mode again, and an analyzing effect is formed by a polarizer in the second orthogonal polarization switching unit, and noise caused by the polarization cross coupling effect in the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring is restrained. And finally, the two beams of light reach the Y waveguide again to be converged and interfered and then return to the output port of the circulator, the two beams of light are transmitted to the detector through the detection port of the circulator to be photoelectrically converted into electric signals and transmitted to the modulation and demodulation circuit board, the electric signals are demodulated by the modulation and demodulation circuit board to obtain output signals of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring and transmitted to the upper computer, and the upper computer forms a polarization switching gyroscope output curve according to the output signals. If the zero offset of the output curve of the gyroscope after the polarization switching is smaller than that of the output curve of the gyroscope before the polarization switching, the polarization main axis aligned after the polarization switching is the slow axis of the hollow microstructure optical fiber, and the polarization main axis is used as the optimal polarization light guide mode of the gyroscope to ensure the stability of the hollow microstructure optical fiber gyroscope. If the zero offset of the gyroscope output curve after polarization switching is larger than that of the gyroscope output curve before polarization switching, the polarization main axis aligned before polarization switching is the slow axis of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber, and polarization switching can be performed again by adopting the method to return to the original polarization mode. The output curve of the gyroscope with the polarization mode switched is shown in an attached figure 4, and as can be seen from the attached figure 4, the polarization mode switching in the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber ring can influence the precision level of the gyroscope, and the superiority of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber gyroscope with the polarization mode switched is reflected in the aspect of the output stability research of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber gyroscope.
In the mode switching state, two beams of light transmitted in opposite directions sequentially pass through the two orthogonal polarization switching units, so that the transmitted light is switched into the polarization mode only in the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber loop, and is converted into the original polarization mode when returning to the Y waveguide after being transmitted for a circle and converging and interfering, and the reciprocity of the Sagnac interferometer is not damaged in the whole polarization mode switching process. The hollow-core microstructure fiber optic gyroscope realizes the random gating switching of the polarization mode in the hollow-core microstructure fiber optic ring, and is beneficial to the improvement research of the stability of the hollow-core microstructure fiber optic gyroscope.
Furthermore, the feedback end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board is connected with the Y waveguide through a cable, the modulation and demodulation circuit board can modulate and demodulate the electric signal received by the photoelectric detector to form a demodulation signal, and the demodulation signal and the pre-loaded square wave modulation signal are accumulated to form a modulation feedback signal to be applied to the Y waveguide, so that the detection sensitivity of the system can be further improved.
Optimally, the end part of the structural support body is provided with a flange, so that the structural support body and the polarizer are conveniently fixed.
Preferably, the polarizer and the structural support body flange are fixedly bonded, and the polarizer and the structural support body are conveniently and quickly fixed.
Preferably, the magnetooptical rotation crystal and the structural support are fixedly bonded, and the magnetooptical rotation crystal and the structural support are conveniently and quickly fixed, so that the magnetooptical rotation crystal is prevented from rotating in the structural support.
Preferably, the light source is a broadband light source, and the broadband light source can inhibit related errors such as polarization, back reflection and the like in the system.
Further, the optical fiber collimation sealing joint comprises an optical fiber 17, a ceramic ferrule 16, a collimation lens 15, a metal sheath 14 and a sealing rubber ring (not shown), wherein the ceramic ferrule is installed in the metal sheath and is sealed and fixed with the metal sheath through the sealing rubber ring (not shown), the collimation lens is fixedly installed at the front end of the metal sheath and is sealed and fixed through the sealing rubber ring, and the collimation lens can convert light emitted by the optical fiber into parallel light beams so as to reduce coupling collimation loss with the movable pyramid reflector.
The optical fiber is fixedly inserted into the ceramic ferrule, the front end of the optical fiber extends out of the ceramic ferrule, and a gap between the optical fiber and the ceramic ferrule is filled with glue (not shown). After the colloid is solidified, the colloid plays a role in fixing the optical fiber and plays a role in sealing. When the tail fibers at the two ends of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber are connected with the optical fiber collimation sealing joint, an internal gas field of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber can be completely isolated from the external environment, internal gas cannot flow and interacts with the external gas, the light guide stability of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber is improved, and the temperature performance improvement level of the hollow-core microstructure optical fiber applied to the gyroscope can be correctly evaluated. The specific structure of the optical fiber alignment sealing joint is shown in figure 5.
In summary, the present invention provides a hollow-core microstructure fiber gyroscope based on an orthogonal polarization switching unit, which has a function of switching between two orthogonal polarization transmission modes in a hollow-core microstructure fiber ring, and is helpful for improving the stability of the hollow-core microstructure fiber gyroscope.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope capable of switching polarization modes is characterized in that: the device comprises a light source, a circulator, a Y waveguide, two orthogonal polarized light switching units, a hollow microstructure optical fiber ring, a photoelectric detector and a modulation and demodulation circuit board, wherein each orthogonal polarized light switching unit comprises a polarizer, a structure support body, a magneto-optical crystal and a coil, the polarizer is fixed with the front end of the structure support body, the magneto-optical crystal is inserted into a central hole of the structure support body, the coil is wound on the outer wall of the structure support body, the light source is coupled with an input port of the circulator, an output port of the circulator is coupled with an input end of the Y waveguide, two tail fibers of the Y waveguide are coupled with polarizers of the corresponding orthogonal polarized light switching units through optical fiber collimation sealing joints respectively, two tail fibers of the hollow microstructure optical fiber ring are coupled with the magneto-optical crystal of the corresponding orthogonal polarized light switching units through optical fiber collimation sealing joints respectively, an input end of the photoelectric detector is coupled with a detection port of the circulator, an output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with an input end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board through a cable, an output end of the modulation and demodulation circuit board is connected with coil terminals of the two orthogonal polarized light switching units through cables.
2. The hollow-core microstructure fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the modem circuit board feedback port is connected to the Y-waveguide via a cable.
3. A polarization mode switchable hollow-core micro-structured fiber optic gyroscope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the end of the structural support is provided with a flange to facilitate fixation between the structural support and the polarizer.
4. A polarization mode switchable hollow-core microstructured fiber gyroscope according to claim 3, wherein the polarizer is adhesively fixed to the structural support flange.
5. A polarization mode switchable hollow-core microstructured fiber gyroscope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magneto-optically active crystal is adhesively fixed to the structural support.
6. A hollow-core micro-structured fiber optic gyroscope according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the light source is a broadband light source.
7. The hollow-core microstructure fiber-optic gyroscope capable of switching polarization modes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fiber collimation sealing joint comprises an optical fiber, a ceramic ferrule, a collimation lens, a metal sheath and a sealing rubber ring, the ceramic ferrule is mounted in the metal sheath and is sealed and fixed with the metal sheath through the sealing rubber ring, the collimation lens is fixedly mounted at the front end of the metal sheath and is sealed and fixed through the sealing rubber ring, the optical fiber is fixedly inserted in the ceramic ferrule, the front end of the optical fiber extends out of the ceramic ferrule, and a gap between the optical fiber and the ceramic ferrule is filled with a colloid.
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| CN116429081B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-08-18 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇七研究所 | Hollow microstructure fiber optic gyroscope with disturbance |
| CN116625349B (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-09-15 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七〇七研究所 | Method for improving vibration performance of optical fiber compass |
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