CN115074641A - A kind of HB400 grade high wear-resistant cold-formable steel plate and production method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of HB400 grade high wear-resistant cold-formable steel plate and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
- B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于金属材料领域,尤其涉及一种HB400级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板及其生产方法,可用于工程机械、矿山、冶金、煤机等领域耐磨备件制作。The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and in particular relates to an HB400 grade high wear-resistant cold-formable steel plate and a production method thereof, which can be used for the production of wear-resistant spare parts in the fields of construction machinery, mining, metallurgy, coal machinery and the like.
背景技术Background technique
一般低合金耐磨钢采用马氏体基体和Cr、Mo、V、Ti等低硬度碳化物强化耐磨性的设计,采用淬火加低温回火的热处理方式生产,HB400硬度级别普通低合金布氏耐磨钢寿命一般约为Q345B的2倍,在工程机械、煤矿机械等领域应用广泛,但冷弯性能相比较差。改善耐磨钢耐磨性一般可通过提高钢板碳含量与合金含量来实现,因此会导致钢材加工性能、焊接性能变差,冷弯成型性能更差。General low-alloy wear-resistant steel is designed with martensitic matrix and low-hardness carbides such as Cr, Mo, V, Ti and other low-hardness carbides to enhance wear resistance, and is produced by heat treatment of quenching and low-temperature tempering. HB400 hardness level ordinary low-alloy Brinell The life of wear-resistant steel is generally about twice that of Q345B, and it is widely used in construction machinery, coal mining machinery and other fields, but its cold bending performance is relatively poor. Improving the wear resistance of wear-resistant steel can generally be achieved by increasing the carbon content and alloy content of the steel plate, which will lead to poorer processing performance and welding performance of steel, and worse cold-formed performance.
近年来,在筑路机械、重型矿车、煤机、电厂、水泥等行业的生产过程中,由于物料硬,运动快,对设备磨损非常严重,造成备件磨损快,检修周期短,迫切需要一种高耐磨性HB400级别耐磨钢板,在不增加硬度的情况下延长备件使用寿命。同时部分形状复杂的耐磨备件,制备过程需要经过弯曲成型,普通低合金马氏体耐磨钢冷弯性难以满足其要求。In recent years, in the production process of road construction machinery, heavy mining trucks, coal machines, power plants, cement and other industries, due to the hard materials and fast movement, the equipment wear is very serious, resulting in rapid wear of spare parts and short maintenance cycles. A kind of high wear resistance HB400 grade wear-resistant steel plate, which can prolong the service life of spare parts without increasing the hardness. At the same time, some wear-resistant spare parts with complex shapes need to be bent during the preparation process, and the cold bendability of ordinary low-alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel is difficult to meet its requirements.
为提高低合金钢板的耐磨性,近年来国内外一些钢厂在低合金耐磨钢中增加Ti、V含量,利用马氏体基体加高硬度TiC、VC析出增强耐磨性,虽然耐磨性增强,但塑、韧性较差,不能进行冷弯加工,难以大量推广。In order to improve the wear resistance of low-alloy steel plates, in recent years, some steel mills at home and abroad have increased the content of Ti and V in low-alloy wear-resistant steel, and used the martensitic matrix to add high hardness TiC and VC to precipitate to enhance wear resistance. The properties are enhanced, but the plasticity and toughness are poor, so it cannot be cold-formed, and it is difficult to promote it in large quantities.
天津雷公焊接材料有限公司,雷万钧;陈泽荣;徐丽霞;伍珠良,申请的公告号为CN103725976A的中国专利文件“高耐磨双金属复合耐磨板”该发明涉及一种高耐磨双金属复合耐磨板,包括低碳钢板或低碳合金钢板,所述低碳钢板或低碳合金钢板上焊接有耐磨合金层,其特征在于:占耐磨合金层总质量的百分比计,所述耐磨合金层中各成分含量如下:C:0.35~0.55%;Si:2~2.4%;Mn:2.7~3.2%;Cr:11~12.5%;Mo:2.5~2.9%;V:0.7~1.8%;W:2.2~3.6%;B:0.7~1.1%;其余为铁。该发明的优点是能够保证耐磨板表面的平整光滑,耐磨性好。该发明为双金属复合堆焊的工艺生产,工序复杂,成本高,由于堆焊层硬度高,钢板不能成型加工。Tianjin Leigong Welding Materials Co., Ltd., Lei Wanjun; Chen Zerong; Xu Lixia; Grinding plate, including low-carbon steel plate or low-carbon alloy steel plate, said low-carbon steel plate or low-carbon alloy steel plate is welded with a wear-resistant alloy layer, characterized in that: in the percentage of the total mass of the wear-resistant alloy layer, the wear-resistant alloy layer The content of each component in the alloy layer is as follows: C: 0.35-0.55%; Si: 2-2.4%; Mn: 2.7-3.2%; Cr: 11-12.5%; Mo: 2.5-2.9%; V: 0.7-1.8%; W: 2.2-3.6%; B: 0.7-1.1%; the rest is iron. The advantage of the invention is that the surface of the wear-resistant plate can be guaranteed to be smooth and smooth, and the wear resistance is good. The invention is produced by the bimetal composite surfacing welding process, the process is complicated, and the cost is high. Due to the high hardness of the surfacing layer, the steel plate cannot be formed and processed.
宝山钢铁股份有限公司,李红斌,姚连登,苗雨川等申请的公开(公告)号:CN103146997A的专利文件“一种低合金高韧性耐磨钢板及其制造方法”,涉及一种低合金高韧性耐磨钢板及其制造方法,其化学成分(wt%)为:C:0.08-0.20%,Si:0.10-0.60%,Mn:1.00-2.00%,B:0.0005-0.0040%,Cr≤1.50%,Mo≤0.80%,Ni≤1.50%,Nb≤0.080%,V≤0.080%,Ti≤0.060%,Al:0.010-0.080%,Ca:0.0010-0.0080%,N≤0.0080%,O≤0.0080%,H≤0.0004%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.010%,且满足0.20%≤(Cr/5+Mn/6+50B)≤0.55%,0.02%≤(Mo/3+Ni/5+2Nb)≤0.45%,0.01%≤(Al+Ti)≤0.13%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。该发明减少碳及合金元素含量,充分利用Nb、Ti等微合金元素的细化、强化等特点及通过TMCP工艺,耐磨钢板强硬度高,韧性佳,易焊接,耐磨性优异,适用于各种机械设备中易磨损部件。其力学性能:抗拉强度大于1200MPa,延伸率大于12%,布氏硬度大于400HB,-40℃夏比V型纵向冲击功大于60J。该发明强度、塑形、焊接等性能较高,但耐磨性和同等硬度普通马氏体耐磨钢相当。Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Li Hongbin, Yao Liandeng, Miao Yuchuan, etc. Application Publication (Announcement) No.: CN103146997A The patent document "A low-alloy high-toughness wear-resistant steel plate and its manufacturing method" relates to a low-alloy high-toughness wear-resistant steel plate Steel plate and its manufacturing method, its chemical composition (wt%) is: C: 0.08-0.20%, Si: 0.10-0.60%, Mn: 1.00-2.00%, B: 0.0005-0.0040%, Cr≤1.50%, Mo≤ 0.80%, Ni≤1.50%, Nb≤0.080%, V≤0.080%, Ti≤0.060%, Al: 0.010-0.080%, Ca: 0.0010-0.0080%, N≤0.0080%, O≤0.0080%, H≤0.0004 %, P≤0.015%, S≤0.010%, and satisfy 0.20%≤(Cr/5+Mn/6+50B)≤0.55%, 0.02%≤(Mo/3+Ni/5+2Nb)≤0.45%, 0.01%≤(Al+Ti)≤0.13%, and the rest are Fe and inevitable impurities. The invention reduces the content of carbon and alloying elements, makes full use of the refinement and strengthening characteristics of microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti, and through the TMCP process, the wear-resistant steel plate has high strength, high hardness, good toughness, easy welding and excellent wear resistance, and is suitable for Wear parts in various mechanical equipment. Its mechanical properties: tensile strength greater than 1200MPa, elongation greater than 12%, Brinell hardness greater than 400HB, -40 ℃ Charpy V-shaped longitudinal impact energy greater than 60J. The invention has high strength, shaping, welding and other properties, but the wear resistance is comparable to that of ordinary martensitic wear-resistant steel of the same hardness.
江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司,刘俊,李国忠,许晓红等公开(公告)号:CN111996441A的专利文件“一种高韧性折弯性能良好的TiC增强型马氏体耐磨钢板及其制造方法”,涉及一种高韧性折弯性能良好的TiC增强型马氏体耐磨钢板及其制造方法,元素含量:C:0.18~0.30%,Si:≤0.30%,Mn:0.60~1.20%,Ti:0.20~0.40%,Al:0.04~0.08%,Ni:≤0.10%,Cu:≤0.10%,Cr:0.20~1.00%,Mo:0.10~0.60%,B:0.0010~0.0040%,Ca:0.001~0.005%,P:≤0.015%,S:≤0.003%,O:≤0.0015%,N:≤0.0030%,H:≤0.0002%,余量为Fe;且满足0.13≤C-Ti/4≤0.25,由此形成TiC后马氏体基体硬度达到400~480HB;碳当量CEV:≤0.65%,机加工焊接性能可满足高耐磨性设备制造要求。工艺流程为:转炉或电炉炼钢->LF精炼->真空脱气->Ca处理->连铸->加热->热轧->淬火->低温回火。延伸率A50≥8%;低温冲击韧性:-40℃Akv≥20J,钢板的冷弯性能:d=5a冷弯90°不开裂。耐磨性达到低合金马氏体耐磨钢NM450的1.4倍及以上。通过该方法制得的钢板具有良好的机械加工性能,且硬度能够达到HBW400-480。该发明成型性能好,但Ti含量高,冶炼连铸困难。Jiangyin Xingcheng Special Steel Co., Ltd., Liu Jun, Li Guozhong, Xu Xiaohong, etc. Publication (announcement) No.: CN111996441A Patent document "A TiC-reinforced martensitic wear-resistant steel plate with high toughness and good bending performance and its manufacturing method", The invention relates to a TiC-enhanced martensitic wear-resistant steel plate with high toughness and good bending performance and a manufacturing method thereof. ~0.40%, Al: 0.04~0.08%, Ni: ≤0.10%, Cu: ≤0.10%, Cr: 0.20~1.00%, Mo: 0.10~0.60%, B: 0.0010~0.0040%, Ca: 0.001~0.005% , P: ≤ 0.015%, S: ≤ 0.003%, O: ≤ 0.0015%, N: ≤ 0.0030%, H: ≤ 0.0002%, the remainder is Fe; and 0.13 ≤ C-Ti/4 ≤ 0.25, thus After the formation of TiC, the hardness of the martensite matrix reaches 400-480HB; the carbon equivalent CEV: ≤ 0.65%, and the machining and welding performance can meet the requirements of high wear resistance equipment manufacturing. The process flow is: converter or electric furnace steelmaking->LF refining->vacuum degassing->Ca treatment->continuous casting->heating->hot rolling->quenching->low temperature tempering. Elongation A50≥8%; low temperature impact toughness: -40℃Akv≥20J, cold bending performance of steel plate: d=5a cold bending 90° without cracking. The wear resistance reaches 1.4 times and above that of the low alloy martensitic wear-resistant steel NM450. The steel sheet prepared by this method has good machinability, and the hardness can reach HBW400-480. The invention has good forming performance, but the content of Ti is high, and smelting and continuous casting are difficult.
杰富意钢铁株式会社,寺泽祐介;高山直树;林谦次;长谷和邦的日本专利文件,申请公布号CN109072367A,“耐磨损钢板及耐磨损钢板的制造方法”,公开了具有下述成分组成和组织,所述成分组成以质量%计含有:C:0.10~0.23%,Si:0.01~1.0%,Mn:0.30~3.00%,P:0.025%以下,S:0.02%以下,Cr:0.01~2.00%,Al:0.001~0.100%,及N:0.01%以下,余量由Fe及不可避免的杂质构成,所述组织中,距所述耐磨损钢板的表面1mm的深度处的马氏体的体积率为90%以上,所述耐磨损钢板的板厚中心部的原奥氏体粒径为80μm以下,距所述耐磨损钢板的表面1mm的深度处的硬度以布氏硬度计为360~490HBW 10/3000耐磨损钢板及耐磨损钢板的制造方法。该钢板合金成分复杂,成本高,只具有普通耐磨性。Jie Fuyi Steel Co., Ltd., Yusuke Terazawa; Naoki Takayama; Kenji Lin; Japanese Patent Documents of Kazubang Hase, Application Publication No. CN109072367A, "Abrasion Resistant Steel Plate and Manufacturing Method of Wear Resistant Steel Plate", discloses It has the following component composition and structure, and the component composition contains in mass %: C: 0.10 to 0.23%, Si: 0.01 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.30 to 3.00%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.02% or less , Cr: 0.01-2.00%, Al: 0.001-0.100%, and N: 0.01% or less, the remainder is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, in the structure, the depth of 1 mm from the surface of the wear-resistant steel plate The volume fraction of martensite in the wear-resistant steel plate is 90% or more, the prior austenite grain size at the center of the plate thickness of the wear-resistant steel plate is 80 μm or less, and the hardness at a depth of 1 mm from the surface of the wear-resistant steel plate A wear-resistant steel plate with a Brinell hardness of 360 to 490HBW 10/3000 and a method for producing the wear-resistant steel plate. The steel plate has complex alloy composition, high cost, and only has ordinary wear resistance.
可见现有HB400耐磨钢板存在以下不足:It can be seen that the existing HB400 wear-resistant steel plate has the following shortcomings:
1、成分、工艺复杂,需异质复合或堆焊;1. The composition and process are complex, requiring heterogeneous compounding or surfacing;
2、冶炼连铸困难;2. Difficulty in smelting and continuous casting;
3、不能冷弯成型;3. Can not be cold-formed;
4、耐磨性不足。4. Insufficient wear resistance.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种HB400级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板及其生产方法,本发明在低合金耐磨钢的基础上采用新的耐磨理念,合理增加钢中Nb含量,利用弥散析出高硬度碳化铌质点增强耐磨性,具有同等硬度普通耐磨钢板1.4倍以上的耐磨性。采用独特的冶炼、轧制、热处理生产工艺,对钢板表面进行了形成部分脱碳层的止裂处理,加上合理的残余奥氏体含量控制,生产出布氏硬度400HB级别具有良好的塑性和韧性可进行冷弯加工的高耐磨性低合金耐磨钢。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a HB400 grade high wear-resistant cold-formable steel plate and a production method thereof. The present invention adopts a new wear-resistant concept on the basis of low-alloy wear-resistant steel, reasonably increases the Nb content in the steel, and utilizes dispersion precipitation. The high-hardness niobium carbide particles enhance the wear resistance, and the wear resistance is more than 1.4 times that of ordinary wear-resistant steel plates with the same hardness. Using a unique smelting, rolling and heat treatment production process, the surface of the steel plate is subjected to a crack arrest treatment to form a partial decarburization layer, coupled with reasonable residual austenite content control, to produce a Brinell hardness of 400HB grade with good plasticity and Toughness High wear resistance low alloy wear-resistant steel that can be cold-formed.
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
一种HB400级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板,钢中化学成分按重量百分比计为:C 0.14%~0.18%、Si 1.1%~1.50%、Mn 0.7%~1.0%、Nb 0.12%~0.20%、Cr 0.15%~0.35%、Ni0.4%~0.6%、Al 0.040%~0.060%、P≤0.012%、S≤0.002%、[N]≤0.0030%、[H]≤0.00015%、[O]≤0.0015%;余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质;且C*Nb≤0.0004%、1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%。An HB400 grade high wear-resistant cold-formable steel plate, the chemical composition of the steel is calculated by weight percentage as follows: C 0.14%-0.18%, Si 1.1%-1.50%, Mn 0.7%-1.0%, Nb 0.12%-0.20%, Cr 0.15%~0.35%, Ni0.4%~0.6%, Al 0.040%~0.060%, P≤0.012%, S≤0.002%, [N]≤0.0030%, [H]≤0.00015%, [O]≤ 0.0015%; the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities; and C*Nb≤0.0004%, 1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%.
本发明钢板化学成分设计以碳、铌、硅微合金化为主要特征,合金含量相对较低,便于冶炼、连铸。通过连铸、控轧控冷后进行低温回火热处理,得到具有良好塑韧性及耐磨性的HB400级别钢板。The chemical composition design of the steel plate of the invention is mainly characterized by microalloying of carbon, niobium and silicon, and the alloy content is relatively low, which is convenient for smelting and continuous casting. Through continuous casting, controlled rolling and controlled cooling, and then low temperature tempering heat treatment, HB400 grade steel plates with good plastic toughness and wear resistance are obtained.
本发明所设计元素的理由为:The reasons for the design elements of the present invention are:
C:为了保证钢板高的强度和硬度,稳定钢中残余奥氏体量,需要相当的碳含量做保证。同时碳可以和Nb形成碳化物析出,增加耐磨性。碳含量过高则焊接性能下降,还影响钢中Nb的固溶和析出,为了保证钢板具有高的耐磨性及良好的焊接性能、成型性能、耐磨性,因此本发明中C含量控制在0.14%~0.18%,同时C*Nb≤0.03;C: In order to ensure the high strength and hardness of the steel plate and stabilize the amount of retained austenite in the steel, a considerable carbon content is required to ensure it. At the same time, carbon can form carbide precipitation with Nb to increase wear resistance. If the carbon content is too high, the welding performance will decrease, and it will also affect the solid solution and precipitation of Nb in the steel. In order to ensure that the steel plate has high wear resistance and good welding performance, formability and wear resistance, the C content in the present invention is controlled at 0.14%~0.18%, and C*Nb≤0.03;
Si:本发明重点添加元素。是非碳化物形成元素,主要作用是抑制碳化物的析出,稳定钢中残余奥氏体含量,有利于提高钢板的低温韧性和塑性,保证良好的冷弯能力。同时起稳定脱碳层厚度的作用,但Si过多时会使焊接性能下降,因此本发明中Si含量控制在1.1%~1.5%;Si: The present invention focuses on adding elements. It is a non-carbide forming element. Its main function is to inhibit the precipitation of carbides and stabilize the residual austenite content in the steel, which is beneficial to improve the low temperature toughness and plasticity of the steel plate and ensure good cold bending ability. At the same time, it plays the role of stabilizing the thickness of the decarburized layer, but too much Si will reduce the welding performance, so the Si content in the present invention is controlled at 1.1% to 1.5%;
Mn:主要作用是提高淬透性,同时促进Nb的固溶。有利于强度和耐磨性的提高,但含量过高时易形成中心偏析,使板坯中心有易发裂纹的倾向;不利于冷成型,因此本发明中Mn含量控制在0.7%~1.0%;Mn: The main function is to improve the hardenability and at the same time promote the solid solution of Nb. It is beneficial to the improvement of strength and wear resistance, but when the content is too high, it is easy to form center segregation, which makes the center of the slab prone to cracks; it is not conducive to cold forming, so the Mn content in the present invention is controlled at 0.7% to 1.0%;
Nb:本发明重要添加元素。主要作用:增加耐磨性和塑性。Nb是强碳和氮化合物形成元素,在钢中与C、N结合可形成NbC、Nb(C,N)等化合物。具有高的化学稳定性、高硬度的特征,可形成普通耐磨钢1.4倍的的耐磨性能,另外Nb元素的添加,使得低温奥氏体组织在轧制过程中应变诱导析出大量的碳氮化物,具有增加淬透性和析出强化的作用;溶解在奥氏体中的Nb,在两阶段轧制过程中抑制奥氏体再结晶,细化奥氏体晶粒。有利于钢板的冷弯性能。但Nb含量过高,则会影响钢板的力学性能。因此,本发明中Nb的加入量为0.12%~0.20%。Nb: An important additive element in the present invention. Main function: increase wear resistance and plasticity. Nb is a strong carbon and nitrogen compound forming element. It can form compounds such as NbC and Nb(C, N) when combined with C and N in steel. It has the characteristics of high chemical stability and high hardness, which can form 1.4 times the wear resistance of ordinary wear-resistant steel. In addition, the addition of Nb element makes the low-temperature austenite structure induce a large amount of carbon and nitrogen during the rolling process. Nb dissolved in austenite inhibits recrystallization of austenite and refines austenite grains during the two-stage rolling process. It is beneficial to the cold bending performance of the steel plate. However, if the Nb content is too high, the mechanical properties of the steel sheet will be affected. Therefore, the added amount of Nb in the present invention is 0.12% to 0.20%.
Ni:非碳化物形成元素,主要作用是改善钢的韧性和塑性,Ni含量<0.4%则达不到要求的效果,而如果Ni含量大于0.6%,成本过高,在淬火时可能残留奥氏体过多。本发明控制Ni:0.4%~0.6%,由于Si和Ni都有促进残余奥氏体含量的作用,本发明控制残余奥氏体含量5~10%,为防止残余奥氏体量过多或过少,对Si+Ni的总量进行控制,因此本发明1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%。Ni: a non-carbide forming element, the main function is to improve the toughness and plasticity of the steel. If the Ni content is less than 0.4%, the required effect cannot be achieved. If the Ni content is greater than 0.6%, the cost is too high, and austenite may remain during quenching. Too much body. The present invention controls Ni: 0.4% to 0.6%. Since both Si and Ni have the effect of promoting the content of retained austenite, the present invention controls the content of retained austenite to 5 to 10%, in order to prevent excessive or excessive amount of retained austenite. Since the total amount of Si+Ni is controlled, in the present invention, 1.5%≤Si+Ni≤2.0%.
Al:脱氧和固氮的有效元素。可减少钢中氧化物夹杂并纯净钢质,有利于提高钢板的成型性能,含量过高将会造成浇铸困难,会在钢中形成大量Al2O3夹杂物,导致延展性变差,固氮可保证铌主要与碳化合。因此本发明中Al:0.04%~0.06%%。Al: Effective element for deoxidation and nitrogen fixation. It can reduce the oxide inclusions in the steel and purify the steel, which is beneficial to improve the formability of the steel plate. If the content is too high, it will cause casting difficulties, and a large amount of Al 2 O 3 inclusions will be formed in the steel, resulting in poor ductility and nitrogen fixation. It is guaranteed that niobium is mainly combined with carbon. Therefore, in the present invention, Al: 0.04% to 0.06%%.
Cr:增加钢的淬透性的作用。铬是强碳化物形成元素,可提高的强度和硬度。Cr过多加入会影响焊接性,因此本发明控制Cr:0.15%~0.35%。Cr: The effect of increasing the hardenability of steel. Chromium is a strong carbide forming element that increases strength and hardness. Adding too much Cr will affect the weldability, so the present invention controls Cr: 0.15% to 0.35%.
杂质元素:为保证钢板具有良好的塑性和韧性,避免磨损时的碎裂、冷弯时裂纹的发生,本发明控制P≤0.012%,S≤0.002%,[H]≤0.00015%,[O]≤0.0015%。Impurity elements: In order to ensure that the steel plate has good plasticity and toughness, and to avoid fragmentation during wear and cracks during cold bending, the present invention controls P≤0.012%, S≤0.002%, [H]≤0.00015%, [O] ≤0.0015%.
钢中残余奥氏体含量5%~10%,钢板表面部分脱碳层厚度1~2毫米。The residual austenite content in the steel is 5% to 10%, and the thickness of the partial decarburization layer on the surface of the steel plate is 1 to 2 mm.
在同等实验条件下钢板耐磨性达到同等硬度NM400钢板的1.4倍以上,冷成型性能180°冷弯D=3a。Under the same experimental conditions, the wear resistance of the steel plate is more than 1.4 times that of the NM400 steel plate with the same hardness, and the cold forming performance is 180° cold bending D=3a.
一种HB400级别高耐磨可冷弯钢板的生产方法,生产工艺流程为:冶炼→精炼→板坯连铸→铸坯加热缓冷→加热→控制轧制→控制冷却→回火热处理,包括如下方法:A production method of HB400 grade high wear-resistant cold-formable steel plate, the production process flow is: smelting→refining→slab continuous casting→cast slab heating and slow cooling→heating→controlled rolling→controlled cooling→tempering heat treatment, including the following method:
1)冶炼:本发明精炼时进行了RH脱气时间控制,RH真空循环时间≥15min,通过长时间真空处理,可控制钢水[N]≤0.0030%,[O]≤0.0015%,[H]≤0.00015%。连铸的特征为:适当加大连铸二冷区冷速,采用中等冷却强度模式,连铸二冷区给水量占比60%~80%,控制连铸坯拉速为1.1~1.5m/min;目的为避免高温区铌的粗大碳化物过度析出。铸坯厚度200~250mm,连铸时采用电磁搅拌或轻压下,减少中心偏析。本发明控制中心偏析≤B0.5,中间裂纹≤0.5级,目的在于保证冷弯时钢板的内部缺陷最低。连铸后铸坯加热至550~650℃,随炉缓冷不少于48小时;可有效去除钢坯中氢含量,同时600℃左右的缓冷有利于铌的细小碳化物充分析出。1) Smelting: RH degassing time control is carried out during refining in the present invention, RH vacuum cycle time ≥ 15min, through long-term vacuum treatment, molten steel can be controlled [N] ≤ 0.0030%, [O] ≤ 0.0015%, [H] ≤ 0.00015%. The characteristics of continuous casting are: appropriately increase the cooling rate of the secondary cooling zone of continuous casting, adopt the mode of medium cooling intensity, the water supply in the secondary cooling zone of continuous casting accounts for 60% to 80%, and control the casting speed of continuous casting to be 1.1 to 1.5m/ min; the purpose is to avoid excessive precipitation of coarse niobium carbides in the high temperature region. The slab thickness is 200-250mm, and electromagnetic stirring or light pressing is used during continuous casting to reduce center segregation. The present invention controls the center segregation ≤B0.5, and the intermediate crack ≤0.5 grade, the purpose is to ensure the lowest internal defect of the steel plate during cold bending. After continuous casting, the slab is heated to 550-650 ℃, and slowly cooled with the furnace for no less than 48 hours; it can effectively remove the hydrogen content in the billet, and at the same time, the slow cooling of about 600 ℃ is conducive to the full precipitation of fine niobium carbides.
2)轧制:采用氧化性气氛加热均热段温度1250~1310℃,均热时间不低于2.5小时;较高的加热温度和较长的保温时间目的:1)保证较高的铌能充分固溶;2)利于中心偏析元素的均匀化;3)利于轧后表面形成1-2毫米部分脱碳层的形成,可有效改善轧后钢板冷弯性能。2) Rolling: The temperature of the soaking section is heated by oxidizing atmosphere at 1250~1310℃, and the soaking time is not less than 2.5 hours; the purpose of higher heating temperature and longer holding time: 1) To ensure that the higher niobium can fully Solid solution; 2) Conducive to the homogenization of central segregation elements; 3) Conducive to the formation of a 1-2 mm partial decarburization layer on the surface after rolling, which can effectively improve the cold bending performance of the rolled steel plate.
在轧制时采用粗轧和精轧两阶段控轧,目的在于充分细化和均匀化热轧态组织。粗轧阶段轧制开轧温度≥1100℃,终轧温度控制在≥1050℃,粗轧的单道次压下率不低于15%;保证轧制力的深透和促进碳化铌的析出;精轧开轧温度970~1030℃,变形率不低于70%,目的在于破碎粗大的碳化铌和改善心部缺陷组织,精轧终轧温度900~950℃。During rolling, two-stage controlled rolling, rough rolling and finishing rolling, is used to fully refine and homogenize the hot-rolled microstructure. In the rough rolling stage, the rolling rolling temperature is ≥1100℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled at ≥1050℃, and the single-pass reduction rate of rough rolling is not less than 15%; it ensures the deep penetration of the rolling force and promotes the precipitation of niobium carbide; The rolling temperature is 970~1030℃, the deformation rate is not less than 70%, the purpose is to break the coarse niobium carbide and improve the core defect structure, and the finishing rolling temperature is 900~950℃.
轧后水冷,采用超快冷+层流冷却,超快冷入水温度870~920℃,超快冷冷速≥20℃/s,超快冷终冷温度600~650℃;层流冷速5~10℃/s,返红温度200~250℃,空冷到室温。Water cooling after rolling, using ultra-fast cooling + laminar cooling, ultra-fast cooling water temperature 870 ~ 920 ℃, ultra-fast cooling cooling rate ≥ 20 ℃/s, ultra-fast cooling final cooling temperature 600 ~ 650 ℃; laminar cooling rate 5 ~10℃/s, the temperature of returning to red is 200~250℃, air cooled to room temperature.
前段采用超快冷,超快冷入水温度870~920℃,超快冷冷速≥20℃/s,超快冷终冷温度600~650℃;可减少铌的碳氮化物缓冷时在晶界的聚集,同时细化奥氏体晶粒有利于塑韧性和耐磨性。后段采用层流冷却,冷速5~10℃/s,返红温度200~250℃,空冷到室温;后段弱冷并控冷到高于200℃,可减少钢板内应力,保留少量残余奥氏体含量,保证板型平直度在5毫米/米以下和冷弯性能。The front section adopts ultra-fast cooling, the inlet water temperature of ultra-fast cooling is 870-920°C, the cooling rate of ultra-fast cooling is ≥20°C/s, and the final cooling temperature of ultra-fast cooling is 600-650°C; it can reduce the crystallinity of niobium carbonitride during slow cooling. Aggregation of boundaries and refinement of the austenite grains are beneficial to plastic toughness and wear resistance. Laminar cooling is adopted in the rear section, the cooling rate is 5~10℃/s, the red temperature is 200~250℃, and the air is cooled to room temperature; the latter section is weakly cooled and controlled to be higher than 200℃, which can reduce the internal stress of the steel plate and retain a small amount of residual. The austenite content ensures that the flatness of the shape is below 5 mm/m and the cold bending performance.
3)热处理:回火温度为200~250℃,回火保温时间为8~12min/mm。本发明采用高于常规(3~5min/mm)的回火时间,目的在于充分去除淬火内应力,提高钢板的塑性,保证钢板的冷成型性能。3) Heat treatment: the tempering temperature is 200~250℃, and the tempering holding time is 8~12min/mm. The present invention adopts a tempering time higher than the conventional one (3-5 min/mm), and aims to fully remove the quenching internal stress, improve the plasticity of the steel plate, and ensure the cold forming performance of the steel plate.
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明提供了一种10-30毫米厚度HB400级别高耐磨可冷弯成型钢板及其生产方法。The invention provides a 10-30 mm thick HB400 grade high wear-resistant cold-formable steel plate and a production method thereof.
1、可连铸生产;1. Continuous casting production;
2、表面硬度大于HB400,-40℃AKV≥40J;2. The surface hardness is greater than HB400, -40℃AKV≥40J;
3、耐磨性为同等硬度低合金耐磨钢板1.4倍以上;3. The wear resistance is more than 1.4 times that of the same hardness and low alloy wear-resistant steel plate;
4、具有良好冷成型性能180°冷弯D=3a合格。4. With good cold forming performance, 180° cold bending D=3a is qualified.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的实施方式进一步说明:Embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with specific examples:
根据本发明的化学成分及生产工艺,冶炼本发明的钢种实际化学成分如表1,冶炼工艺见表2,本发明钢实例的实际轧制工艺参数如表3,控冷工艺见表4,热处理工艺参数见表5,本发明实物性能检验结果如表6,耐磨性实验结果见表7。According to chemical composition of the present invention and production technique, the actual chemical composition of smelting steel of the present invention is shown in Table 1, the smelting process is shown in Table 2, the actual rolling process parameters of the steel example of the present invention are shown in Table 3, and the controlled cooling process is shown in Table 4, The heat treatment process parameters are shown in Table 5, the physical performance test results of the present invention are shown in Table 6, and the wear resistance test results are shown in Table 7.
表1本发明钢种的冶炼成分实例,wt%The smelting composition example of table 1 steel grade of the present invention, wt%
表2本发明钢种的冶炼工艺The smelting process of table 2 steel grade of the present invention
表3本发明钢实例的实际轧制工艺参数The actual rolling process parameter of table 3 steel example of the present invention
表4本发明钢实例的实际控冷工艺参数The actual controlled cooling process parameter of table 4 steel example of the present invention
表5本发明钢实例的热处理工艺The heat treatment process of table 5 steel example of the present invention
表6本发明钢实施例的力学性能Table 6 Mechanical properties of steel examples of the present invention
在MLS-225型湿砂橡胶轮式磨损试验机对本发明高耐磨钢板与普通NM400钢板进行对比实验,施加压力为70N,砂轮转速为:200r/min,总转数:2000r,试验时间约10分钟。实验结果见表7。The high wear-resistant steel plate of the present invention and the ordinary NM400 steel plate were compared with the MLS-225 type wet sand rubber wheel abrasion tester. minute. The experimental results are shown in Table 7.
表7本发明实施例耐磨性对比Table 7 Comparison of wear resistance of embodiments of the present invention
可见本发明钢板的耐磨性达到普通耐磨钢板NM400的1.4倍以上。It can be seen that the wear resistance of the steel plate of the present invention is more than 1.4 times that of the ordinary wear-resistant steel plate NM400.
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