CN115070518B - Ball head micro milling cutter with array micro tooth structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ball head micro milling cutter with array micro tooth structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115070518B CN115070518B CN202210804964.6A CN202210804964A CN115070518B CN 115070518 B CN115070518 B CN 115070518B CN 202210804964 A CN202210804964 A CN 202210804964A CN 115070518 B CN115070518 B CN 115070518B
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
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- 102100023591 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
- B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
- B23C5/1009—Ball nose end mills
- B23C5/1018—Ball nose end mills with permanently fixed cutting inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及切削刀具制备,更具体地说是一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀及其制备方法。The invention relates to the preparation of a cutting tool, and more particularly to a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着微型器件的兴起与发展,微切削技术成为研究热点,然而相比于宏观切削,微铣削加工过程中每齿切削深度与刀具刃口圆弧半径处于同一数量级,因此加工中存在明显的尺寸效应,挤压、犁耕、划擦等作用较为显著,对工件表面完整性造成严重损伤。在实际微铣削加工中,由于工件结构多样、尺寸微小,工件加工表面的形貌难以保证,容易出现毛刺、崩边等严重的加工缺陷。尤其是加工微小腔体结构时,由于排屑空间有限,大量切屑来不及排出,被刀具反复挤压而粘结在微通道内侧,导致腔体壁面形成大量毛刺,严重影响加工表面质量。尤其是球头微铣刀在加工圆形、半圆形等微结构时,受微铣刀刀颈限制,切屑排出更是严重受限,从而导致微结构加工表面质量偏差。此外,目前常见的球头微铣刀多为单刃或双刃结构,加工效率低,刀具磨损快,使用寿命短,较难满足高精度、高效率加工要求。With the rise and development of micro devices, micro-cutting technology has become a research hotspot. However, compared with macro-cutting, the cutting depth of each tooth in micro-milling is at the same order of magnitude as the arc radius of the tool edge. Therefore, there is an obvious size effect in the processing, and the effects of extrusion, plowing, and scratching are more significant, causing serious damage to the surface integrity of the workpiece. In actual micro-milling, due to the diverse structures and small sizes of the workpiece, the morphology of the workpiece surface is difficult to guarantee, and serious processing defects such as burrs and edge collapse are prone to occur. Especially when processing micro-cavity structures, due to the limited chip removal space, a large number of chips cannot be discharged in time, and are repeatedly squeezed by the tool and bonded to the inside of the microchannel, resulting in a large number of burrs on the cavity wall, which seriously affects the quality of the processing surface. In particular, when ball-end micro-milling cutters are used to process circular and semi-circular micro-structures, they are restricted by the micro-milling cutter neck, and chip removal is severely restricted, resulting in deviations in the surface quality of micro-structure processing. In addition, the common ball-end micro-milling cutters are mostly single-edge or double-edge structures, with low processing efficiency, fast tool wear, and short service life, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision and high-efficiency processing.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀及其制备方法,能够延长刀具使用寿命,提高加工表面质量。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure and a preparation method thereof, which can extend the service life of the tool and improve the quality of the processed surface.
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀,包括刀柄,刀柄的直径为2mm至4mm,以及固定连接在刀柄端部的刀颈,刀颈上固定连接有刀头,所述刀头直径为0.6mm至1.0mm,所述刀头上设置有两条轴对称设置的螺旋排屑槽,以及由两条螺旋排屑槽离散形成的阵列微齿结构,阵列微齿结构由若干由右旋球面螺旋微沟槽和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽对称交错构成;A ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure, comprising a tool handle, the diameter of the tool handle is 2mm to 4mm, and a tool neck fixedly connected to the end of the tool handle, a tool head fixedly connected to the tool neck, the tool head diameter is 0.6mm to 1.0mm, the tool head is provided with two axially symmetrically arranged spiral chip grooves, and an array micro-tooth structure discretely formed by the two spiral chip grooves, the array micro-tooth structure is composed of a plurality of right-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves and left-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves symmetrically staggered;
所述右旋球面螺旋微沟槽和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽的轨迹为对称交错右旋球面螺旋线和左旋球面螺旋线,右旋球面螺旋线和左旋球面螺旋线的球心与刀头的球心相同;The trajectories of the right-handed spherical spiral microgrooves and the left-handed spherical spiral microgrooves are symmetrically staggered right-handed spherical spiral lines and left-handed spherical spiral lines, and the centers of the right-handed spherical spiral lines and the left-handed spherical spiral lines are the same as the center of the cutter head;
左旋球面螺旋线轴线和右旋球面螺旋线轴线与刀具轴线在同一平面内并且关于刀具轴线对称,左旋球面螺旋线轴线和右旋球面螺旋线轴线与刀具轴线之间的角度为20°至40°;The axes of the left-handed spherical helix and the right-handed spherical helix are in the same plane as the tool axis and are symmetrical about the tool axis, and the angles between the axes of the left-handed spherical helix and the right-handed spherical helix and the tool axis are 20° to 40°;
所述右旋球面螺旋微沟槽和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽的截面为等腰三角形,其底边长度为30μm至200μm,高度为10μm至100μm;The cross-section of the right-handed spherical spiral microgroove and the left-handed spherical spiral microgroove is an isosceles triangle, the length of the base is 30 μm to 200 μm, and the height is 10 μm to 100 μm;
所述微齿结构为菱形,其长对角线为20μm至70μm,短对角线为10μm至40μm,其锐角角度为30°至80°;The micro-tooth structure is a rhombus, with a long diagonal of 20 μm to 70 μm, a short diagonal of 10 μm to 40 μm, and an acute angle of 30° to 80°;
该铣刀整体长度为40mm至50mm,螺旋排屑槽螺旋角为25°至40°。The overall length of the milling cutter is 40 mm to 50 mm, and the helix angle of the spiral chip flute is 25° to 40°.
一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:A method for preparing a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure, the method comprising the following steps:
步骤一:采用精密刀具刃磨机床通过砂轮对刀具毛坯棒料进行磨削,形成铣刀的初步轮廓;Step 1: Use a precision tool grinding machine to grind the tool blank bar through a grinding wheel to form the initial outline of the milling cutter;
步骤二:采用金刚石砂轮对刀头进行精密刃磨,进而在刀头上形成若干右旋球面螺旋微沟槽和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽,形成阵列微齿结构;磨削速度为15m/s至30m/s,进给速度为0.25mm/s至0.50mm/s,磨削深度为10μm至30μm;Step 2: Use a diamond grinding wheel to precisely grind the cutter head, thereby forming a number of right-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves and left-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves on the cutter head to form an array micro-tooth structure; the grinding speed is 15m/s to 30m/s, the feed speed is 0.25mm/s to 0.50mm/s, and the grinding depth is 10μm to 30μm;
步骤三:采用成形砂轮磨削两条轴对称的螺旋排屑槽,形成具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀;磨削速度为20m/s至40m/s,进给速度为0.40mm/s至0.80mm/s,磨削深度为50μm至100μm。Step 3: Use a formed grinding wheel to grind two axially symmetrical spiral chip grooves to form a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure; the grinding speed is 20m/s to 40m/s, the feed speed is 0.40mm/s to 0.80mm/s, and the grinding depth is 50μm to 100μm.
本发明具有如下有益效果:The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1)阵列微齿结构球头微铣刀刀头表面的螺旋微沟槽将完整表面离散为阵列微齿结构,可有效减少刀具与工件表面的接触面积,降低切削力以及切削温度,从而有效避免刀具磨损;1) Array micro-tooth structure The spiral micro grooves on the surface of the ball-end micro-milling cutter head discretize the complete surface into an array micro-tooth structure, which can effectively reduce the contact area between the tool and the workpiece surface, reduce the cutting force and cutting temperature, and thus effectively avoid tool wear;
2)阵列微齿结构球头微铣刀具有大量微小切削刃,具有断屑、碎屑作用,抑制毛刺形成;阵列微齿结构旋转切割时,其上的微齿结构相互交替和切割面接触,去除切割面上的毛刺;同时刀头表面的右旋球面螺旋微沟槽和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽可容纳碎屑,强化刀具的容屑与排屑能力,从而提高加工表面质量。2) The ball-end micro-milling cutter with array micro-tooth structure has a large number of tiny cutting edges, which can break and disintegrate chips, thus inhibiting the formation of burrs. When the array micro-tooth structure rotates for cutting, the micro-tooth structures on it contact the cutting surface alternately to remove burrs on the cutting surface. At the same time, the right-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves and left-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves on the surface of the cutter head can accommodate chips, thus enhancing the chip holding and chip removal capabilities of the tool and improving the quality of the processed surface.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面结合附图和具体实施方法对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
图1是本发明的具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀结构示意图;FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure according to the present invention;
图2是本发明的刀头结构示意图;FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cutter head of the present invention;
图3是本发明的微齿结构形状示意图;FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the micro-tooth structure of the present invention;
图4是本发明的刀头表面微沟槽的截面形状结构示意图;FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional shape of micro grooves on the surface of the tool head of the present invention;
图5是本发明的具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀的磨削加工过程示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the grinding process of the ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure of the present invention.
图中:刀柄1;刀颈2;刀头3;左旋球面螺旋线轴线31;螺旋排屑槽32;右旋球面螺旋线轴线33;阵列微齿结构34;右旋球面螺旋微沟槽35;左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36;刀具轴线4;金刚石砂轮5;成形砂轮6。In the figure: tool handle 1; tool neck 2; tool head 3; left-handed spherical helix axis 31; spiral chip removal groove 32; right-handed spherical helix axis 33; array micro-tooth structure 34; right-handed spherical spiral micro-groove 35; left-handed spherical spiral micro-groove 36; tool axis 4; diamond grinding wheel 5; forming grinding wheel 6.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1、3和4所示,其中α为球面螺旋线与刀具轴线的夹角;β为阵列微齿结构投影形状的锐角;X为阵列微齿结构投影形状的长对角线;Y为阵列微齿结构投影形状的短对角线;L为右旋球面螺旋微沟槽35和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36的底边长度;h为右旋球面螺旋微沟槽35和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36的高度;As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, α is the angle between the spherical helix and the tool axis; β is the acute angle of the projection shape of the array micro-tooth structure; X is the long diagonal line of the projection shape of the array micro-tooth structure; Y is the short diagonal line of the projection shape of the array micro-tooth structure; L is the length of the bottom side of the right-handed spherical spiral micro-groove 35 and the left-handed spherical spiral micro-groove 36; h is the height of the right-handed spherical spiral micro-groove 35 and the left-handed spherical spiral micro-groove 36;
下面对一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀的结构进行详细的说明;The structure of a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure is described in detail below;
一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀,包括刀柄1,刀柄1的直径为2mm至4mm,以及固定连接在刀柄端部的刀颈,以及固定连接在刀柄1端部的刀颈2,刀颈2上固定连接有刀头3,所述刀头直径为0.6mm至1.0mm,所述刀头3上设置有两条轴对称设置的螺旋排屑槽32,以及由两条螺旋排屑槽32离散形成的阵列微齿结构34,阵列微齿结构34由若干右旋球面螺旋微沟槽35和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36对称交错构成;A ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure, comprising a tool handle 1, the tool handle 1 having a diameter of 2 mm to 4 mm, a tool neck fixedly connected to the end of the tool handle, and a tool neck 2 fixedly connected to the end of the tool handle 1, a tool head 3 fixedly connected to the tool neck 2, the tool head having a diameter of 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm, two axially symmetrically arranged spiral chip grooves 32, and an array micro-tooth structure 34 discretely formed by the two spiral chip grooves 32, the array micro-tooth structure 34 being symmetrically staggered by a plurality of right-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves 35 and left-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves 36;
刀头3表面的螺旋微沟槽32将刀头3完整表面离散为阵列微齿结构,能够减少铣刀与工件表面的接触面积,降低切削力以及切削温度,从而有效避免铣刀磨损;The spiral micro grooves 32 on the surface of the cutter head 3 discretize the complete surface of the cutter head 3 into an array of micro-tooth structures, which can reduce the contact area between the milling cutter and the workpiece surface, reduce the cutting force and cutting temperature, and thus effectively avoid the wear of the milling cutter;
所述右旋球面螺旋微沟槽35和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36的轨迹为对称交错右旋球面螺旋线和左旋球面螺旋线,右旋球面螺旋线和左旋球面螺旋线的球心与刀头3的球心相同;左旋球面螺旋线轴线31和右旋球面螺旋线轴线33与刀具轴线4在同一平面内并且关于刀具轴线4对称,左旋球面螺旋线轴线31和右旋球面螺旋线轴线33与刀具轴线4之间的角度为20°至40°;The trajectories of the right-handed spherical spiral microgrooves 35 and the left-handed spherical spiral microgrooves 36 are symmetrically staggered right-handed spherical spirals and left-handed spherical spirals, and the centers of the right-handed spherical spirals and the left-handed spherical spirals are the same as the center of the cutter head 3; the axes 31 of the left-handed spherical spirals and the right-handed spherical spirals are in the same plane as the tool axis 4 and are symmetrical about the tool axis 4, and the angles between the axes 31 of the left-handed spherical spirals and the right-handed spherical spirals and the tool axis 4 are 20° to 40°;
阵列微齿结构球头微铣刀具有大量微小切削刃,具有断屑、碎屑作用,抑制毛刺形成,阵列微齿结构球头微铣刀在进行切割时,阵列微齿结构34旋转,其上的微齿结构不断的间歇和切削面接触,多个微齿结构相互交替和切割面接触,产生间歇的冲击力,去除加工毛刺;The ball-end micro-milling cutter with array micro-tooth structure has a large number of tiny cutting edges, which have the function of chip breaking and chip crushing, and inhibit the formation of burrs. When the ball-end micro-milling cutter with array micro-tooth structure is cutting, the array micro-tooth structure 34 rotates, and the micro-tooth structure thereon continuously and intermittently contacts the cutting surface. Multiple micro-tooth structures contact the cutting surface alternately, generating intermittent impact force, and removing processing burrs.
同时刀头3表面的右旋球面螺旋微沟槽35和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36可容纳碎屑,加强刀具排屑能力,从而提高加工表面质量;At the same time, the right-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves 35 and the left-handed spherical spiral micro-grooves 36 on the surface of the cutter head 3 can accommodate chips, enhance the chip removal ability of the tool, and thus improve the quality of the machined surface;
如图2所示,优选的,右旋球面螺旋微沟槽35和左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36的截面为等腰三角形,其底边长度为30μm至200μm,高度为10μm至100μm;As shown in FIG. 2 , preferably, the cross-section of the right-handed spherical spiral microgroove 35 and the left-handed spherical spiral microgroove 36 is an isosceles triangle, the base length of which is 30 μm to 200 μm, and the height is 10 μm to 100 μm;
如图2所示,优选的,微齿结构为菱形,其长对角线为20μm—70μm,短对角线为10μm至40μm,其锐角角度为30°至80°;As shown in FIG. 2 , preferably, the micro-tooth structure is a rhombus, with a long diagonal of 20 μm to 70 μm, a short diagonal of 10 μm to 40 μm, and an acute angle of 30° to 80°;
该铣刀整体长度为40mm至50mm,螺旋排屑槽32螺旋角为25°至40°。The overall length of the milling cutter is 40 mm to 50 mm, and the helical angle of the spiral chip flute 32 is 25° to 40°.
下面对一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀制备方法的步骤和功能进行详细的说明;The steps and functions of a method for preparing a ball-end micro-milling cutter having an array micro-tooth structure are described in detail below;
一种具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:A method for preparing a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure, the method comprising the following steps:
步骤一:采用精密刀具刃磨机床通过砂轮对刀具毛坯棒料进行磨削,得到球头微铣刀的初步轮廓;Step 1: Use a precision tool grinding machine to grind the tool blank bar with a grinding wheel to obtain the preliminary outline of the ball-end micro-milling cutter;
步骤二:采用金刚石砂轮5对刀头3表面进行磨削加工,左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36的轨迹的球心与刀头的球心相同,其轴线31与刀具轴线4的夹角α=30°;Step 2: Grinding the surface of the cutter head 3 with a diamond grinding wheel 5, the center of the trajectory of the left-handed spherical spiral micro-groove 36 is the same as the center of the cutter head, and the angle α between its axis 31 and the tool axis 4 is 30°;
金刚石砂轮5按照球坐标系中的方程:rho=0.5,theta=t*180,phi=t*360*10运动,其中rho是点到原点的距离,theta是点和原点连线与X轴的夹角,phi是点和原点连线在X-Y平面的投影与X轴的夹角,t为参数,磨削速度为20m/s,进给速度为0.35mm/s,磨削深度为10μm,最终得到左旋球面螺旋微沟槽36;The diamond grinding wheel 5 moves according to the equations in the spherical coordinate system: rho=0.5, theta=t*180, phi=t*360*10, where rho is the distance from the point to the origin, theta is the angle between the line connecting the point and the origin and the X-axis, phi is the angle between the projection of the line connecting the point and the origin on the X-Y plane and the X-axis, t is a parameter, the grinding speed is 20m/s, the feed speed is 0.35mm/s, and the grinding depth is 10μm, and finally a left-handed spherical spiral micro groove 36 is obtained;
步骤三:转动刀具角度,采用相同得到加工参数,通过金刚石砂轮5对刀头3表面进行磨削加工,形成与左旋球面螺旋槽相对称的右旋球面螺旋槽35,最终得到阵列微齿结构;Step 3: Rotate the tool angle, use the same processing parameters, grind the surface of the tool head 3 with a diamond grinding wheel 5, form a right-handed spherical spiral groove 35 symmetrical to the left-handed spherical spiral groove, and finally obtain an array micro-tooth structure;
步骤四:通过成形砂轮6磨削两条轴对称的螺旋排屑槽32,磨削速度为30m/s,进给速度为0.50mm/s,磨削深度为60μm,从而加工出具有阵列微齿结构的球头微铣刀。Step 4: Grind two axially symmetrical spiral chip grooves 32 with the forming grinding wheel 6 at a grinding speed of 30 m/s, a feed speed of 0.50 mm/s, and a grinding depth of 60 μm, thereby processing a ball-end micro-milling cutter with an array micro-tooth structure.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式,不能一次限定本发明实施的范围,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,仍属于本发明的保护范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes to the present invention using this concept still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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