CN115070060A - Metal part additive manufacturing device and working method - Google Patents
Metal part additive manufacturing device and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115070060A CN115070060A CN202210645643.6A CN202210645643A CN115070060A CN 115070060 A CN115070060 A CN 115070060A CN 202210645643 A CN202210645643 A CN 202210645643A CN 115070060 A CN115070060 A CN 115070060A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
- B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a metal part additive manufacturing device and a working method, wherein the metal part additive manufacturing device comprises a shell, a three-axis motion platform is arranged in the shell, the three-axis motion platform is connected with a workpiece bearing mechanism, a conveying pipe and a forging mechanism are arranged above the workpiece bearing mechanism, the conveying pipe is connected with a molten metal supply mechanism, molten metal in the molten metal supply mechanism can flow on the workpiece bearing mechanism through a pipeline, and the forging mechanism is used for forging and pressing the molten metal in the workpiece bearing mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing equipment, in particular to a metal part additive manufacturing device and a working method.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The main production flow of metal parts in the current industrial production is as follows: blank casting, blank forging, machining, heat treatment and the like. The inventor finds that as the size of part of metal parts is large and the area exceeds 2mX2m, a sand mould box with a complex shape and a huge size needs to be manufactured in the blank casting process, in addition, a forging press with a huge tonnage is inevitably needed for forging the metal parts with the large size, and the parts with the large volume and the complex shape have the defects of uneven forging, inconvenient transposition and the like in the forging process. In addition, for forging and pressing convenience, a casting blank with a simple shape and a large volume needs to be produced first, and then machining is performed to obtain required parts, so that the utilization rate of materials is often extremely low. In addition, in the casting process of complex metal parts, defects such as bubbles, shrinkage cavities and cracks caused by thermal stress are easy to occur in the sand mold. When the forging process is performed after the casting is completed, the casting blank needs to be reheated, and a large amount of electric energy needs to be consumed. In summary, the conventional metal part production method has the following disadvantages: (1) low efficiency, (2) low material utilization rate, (3) time and labor consuming in processing, (4) poor uniformity of materials, easy occurrence of defects such as cracks and air holes, and (5) high energy consumption.
The inventor finds that, for metal parts, the existing additive manufacturing technology only solves the problem of a casting blank link, the performance of the metal parts manufactured by additive manufacturing cannot reach the performance of a forging piece, and the subsequent forging treatment is still needed when the existing additive manufacturing technology is adopted to process key parts. Therefore, the current additive manufacturing technology cannot meet the efficient and high-quality processing of metal parts in terms of efficiency and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the metal part additive manufacturing device which has the advantages of high efficiency, high flexibility, high material utilization rate and high performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a metal part additive manufacturing apparatus, which includes a housing, a three-axis motion platform is disposed in the housing, the three-axis motion platform is connected to a workpiece bearing mechanism, a transport pipe and a forging mechanism are disposed above the workpiece bearing mechanism, the transport pipe is connected to a molten metal supply mechanism, molten metal in the molten metal supply mechanism can flow on the workpiece bearing mechanism through a pipeline, and the forging mechanism is configured to forge and press the molten metal of the workpiece bearing mechanism.
In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the molten metal supply mechanism employs a metal-melting electric furnace, the metal-melting electric furnace is disposed above the housing and is connected to one end of a transport pipe, and the other end of the transport pipe extends into the housing.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of the metal component additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first aspect: the three-axis motion platform works to drive the workpiece bearing mechanism to move in a horizontal plane, molten metal in the molten metal supply mechanism is laid on the workpiece bearing mechanism through a pipeline, after the molten metal is solidified, the solidified molten metal is forged and pressed by the forging mechanism to complete the manufacture of a first layer of the workpiece, the three-axis motion platform drives the workpiece bearing mechanism to descend, and the multi-layer manufacture of the workpiece is completed by sequentially adopting the same method until the manufacture of the workpiece is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the additive manufacturing device provided by the invention is provided with the three-axis motion platform and the pipeline connected with the molten metal supply mechanism, and additive manufacturing is adopted, so that the problem that the material uniformity and consistency are poor in the traditional sand casting process is avoided by carrying out additive manufacturing on metal parts with any complex shapes because the traditional metal parts need casting sand molds assisted by supports in advance, and the energy consumption is low.
2. Compared with the traditional metal part casting-forging process, the additive manufacturing device provided by the invention has the advantages that the additive manufacturing device is provided with the forging mechanism, and the required metal part is directly subjected to additive manufacturing and forging without subsequent machining, so that the utilization rate of materials is greatly improved.
3. The additive manufacturing device provided by the invention is provided with the forging mechanism, and compared with the traditional additive manufacturing method, the additive manufacturing method integrates additive manufacturing and forging, so that the problems that the performance of a traditional additive manufacturing product is low and the performance of a forged piece cannot be achieved are solved.
4. According to the additive manufacturing device, the molten metal supply mechanism adopts the metal smelting electric furnace, metal can be directly molten into metal liquid, and the metal liquid is paved on the workpiece bearing mechanism through the conveying pipe, so that the efficiency is higher compared with the traditional metal additive manufacturing method.
5. According to the working method of the additive manufacturing device, the workpiece is forged layer by layer, and the functional capability of the large forging press can be achieved only by small forging pressure, so that the equipment cost of an enterprise is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of flow channels in a cooling plate according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of operation in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the device comprises a three-axis motion platform 1, a cooling plate 2, a part substrate 3, a shell 4, a second control valve 5, a metal smelting electric furnace 6, a conveying pipe 7, a first control valve 8, a forging press 9, a cooling pipe assembly 10, a control system 11, a third control valve 12, an outlet end 13 and an inlet end 14.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As described in the background art, the present metal component has low processing efficiency and low material utilization rate, and in order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an additive manufacturing apparatus for metal components.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, an additive manufacturing apparatus for a metal component includes a housing 4, a three-axis motion platform 1 is fixed inside the housing, a workpiece bearing mechanism is installed on the three-axis motion platform, the workpiece bearing mechanism includes a cooling plate 2, the cooling plate is placed on the three-axis motion platform, and a component substrate 3 is fixed on an upper surface of the cooling plate. And a pipeline and a forging mechanism which are connected with the molten metal supply mechanism are arranged above the part substrate.
The three-axis motion platform adopts the existing three-axis linkage mechanism, the specific structure of the three-axis motion platform is not described in detail, the size of the three-axis motion platform is 5m multiplied by 10m, the motion displacement can reach 5m multiplied by 10m multiplied by 2m (X multiplied by Y multiplied by Z), and the motion platform can bear 20 tons of load.
As shown in fig. 2, a flow channel is arranged inside the cooling plate, one end of the flow channel can be connected with an external cooling source through a pipeline, a pump is installed on the pipeline, cooling liquid of the cooling source can enter the flow channel under the action of the pump, and the component substrate is cooled through the cooling plate.
The component substrate 3 is fixed on the upper surface of the cooling plate, the housing 4 is used for isolating the external air, a shielding gas inlet pipe is arranged on the top shell wall of the housing, a shielding gas outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the shell wall at one side of the housing, the shielding gas inlet pipe can be connected with a shielding gas source and provided with a second control valve 5, a third control valve 12 is arranged on the shielding gas outlet pipe, the second control valve is opened, the shielding gas can enter the housing from the outside, the third control valve is opened, the shielding gas inside the housing can flow out of the housing through the shielding gas outlet pipe, and in the embodiment, the shielding gas adopts nitrogen or argon.
The molten metal supply mechanism adopts a metal smelting electric furnace 6, the metal smelting electric furnace is hoisted on hoisting equipment, in the embodiment, the hoisting equipment adopts a factory crane, the metal smelting electric furnace can smelt 5-10 tons of metal at one time, so that the additive manufacturing of metal parts is met, the volume and the mass of the metal smelting electric furnace are large, the metal smelting electric furnace is arranged right above the outer part of the shell, in addition, the metal smelting electric furnace is hoisted on the factory crane for facilitating the charging and the cleaning, the metal smelting electric furnace can be transported through the crane at ordinary times, the metal smelting electric furnace is connected with one end of a transport pipe 7, the other end of the transport pipe extends into the shell and is positioned right above a part substrate, a first control valve 8 is arranged on the transport pipe for controlling the conduction and the closing of the transport pipe, and both the transport pipe and the first control valve are made of high-temperature resistant materials, for example, quartz sand used for manufacturing crucible materials, the conveying pipe and the first control valve are consumable parts, and if the conveying pipe is blocked due to solidification of molten metal, the metal pipe can be directly disassembled and replaced.
The metal smelting electric furnace can directly melt metal into molten metal and lay the molten metal on the workpiece bearing mechanism through the conveying pipe, and compared with the traditional metal additive manufacturing method, the efficiency is higher.
The forging mechanism adopts the existing forging press 9 which is fixed above the three-axis motion platform through a portal frame, the forging press adopts a forging press with a hydraulic power source, and only one layer of metal needs to be forged and pressed each time, so the required tonnage is small, and the forging press with the tonnage of 1-5 can be selected.
In order to ensure the internal temperature of the shell, cooling tube assemblies 10 are fixed on the inner side surfaces of the four side shell walls of the shell, each cooling tube assembly is formed by winding copper tubes, the cooling tube assemblies are uniformly distributed on the inner side surfaces of the side shell walls of the shell, the inlet ends of the cooling tube assemblies can be connected with a cooling source through pumps, the pumps can introduce cooling liquid in the cooling source into the cooling tube assemblies to cool the shell, and the cooling liquid in the embodiment adopts pure water;
and the three-axis motion platform, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve and the forging press are all connected with the control system 11, and the work of the three-axis motion platform, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve and the forging press is controlled by the control system.
Example 2:
the present embodiment discloses an operating method of the additive manufacturing apparatus according to embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 3, including the following steps:
1) constructing a three-dimensional solid model of the metal part to be manufactured through three-dimensional software;
2) carrying out layering processing on the three-dimensional entity model constructed in the first step, and planning a motion trail of the three-axis motion platform according to layered data;
3) and the second control valve and the third control valve are used for introducing protective gas into the phase shell, removing air in the sealed shell, then closing the second control valve and the third control valve, opening the pump, introducing cooling liquid into the cooling pipe and the flow channel, and transmitting heat in the shell.
4) Inputting proper processing technological parameters such as the movement speed of a three-axis movement platform, the temperature and the flow rate of molten metal and the like into a numerical control system;
5) opening a first control valve, enabling a three-axis motion platform to move according to a set track, enabling molten metal in the metal smelting electric furnace to flow on a part substrate through a transport pipe, and laying the molten metal on the part substrate according to a set shape;
6) after the molten metal flows over the substrate and solidifies, the forging press forges the just solidified metal; and under the action of the three-axis motion platform, forging and pressing all parts of the laid metal by using a forging press to finish the additive manufacturing of the first layer of the workpiece.
And 5) -6), the material increase and the forging are combined into a whole, so that the problems that the performance of a traditional material increase manufacturing product is low and the performance of a forging cannot be achieved are solved, meanwhile, the workpiece is forged and pressed layer by layer, and the functional capability of a large forging press can be achieved only by small forging pressure, so that the equipment cost of an enterprise is reduced.
7) After one layer is finished, closing the first control valve, and driving the part substrate to descend by one layer height by the three-axis motion platform to prepare for printing the next layer of metal;
8) and repeating the steps 5) -7) until the additive manufacturing of the three-dimensional part is finished.
The large steel flange of the support is taken as an example for explanation:
the diameter of the large steel flange is 5m, the mass of the large steel flange is about 5 tons, the metal smelting electric furnace is moved to the ground through a factory crane, 5.5 tons of steel materials are placed in the metal smelting electric furnace, and then the metal smelting electric furnace is placed above the conveying pipe through the crane and is butted. And opening the metal smelting electric furnace to melt the steel. The diameter of the transport pipe is 20mm, the thickness of additive manufacturing layering is 10mm, and the forging pressure is 3 tons. The molten metal is directly laid on the base plate of the part through the conveying pipe, and after the molten metal is cooled for one minute, the molten metal is forged and pressed through the forging press, so that the structural defects and the internal stress in the melting and solidifying process are eliminated, and the mechanical property of the material is improved, so that the mechanical property of the forged piece is achieved. The device combines traditional casting and forging into a whole, only carries out forging and pressing treatment on metal with one layer of thickness each time, and required forging and pressing force and equipment are greatly simplified.
The same method is adopted to complete the multi-layer additive manufacturing of the flange until the flange is manufactured, the whole process is carried out automatically, time and labor are saved, and the working efficiency is high.
The device of this embodiment adopts the additive manufacturing method to make metal parts, has avoided traditional metal parts to need the supplementary casting sand mould of support in advance, can carry out additive manufacturing to the metal parts of any complicated shape and process, need not machine tooling moreover, has improved the utilization ratio of material, and compared with traditional manufacturing approach, the uniformity of material is better.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The metal part additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a shell, wherein a three-axis motion platform is arranged in the shell, the three-axis motion platform is connected with a workpiece bearing mechanism, a conveying pipe and a forging mechanism are arranged above the workpiece bearing mechanism, the conveying pipe is connected with a molten metal supply mechanism, molten metal in the molten metal supply mechanism can flow on the workpiece bearing mechanism through a pipeline, and the forging mechanism is used for forging and pressing the molten metal of the workpiece bearing mechanism.
2. The additive manufacturing apparatus for metal parts according to claim 1, wherein the molten metal supply mechanism employs a metal-melting electric furnace, the metal-melting electric furnace being disposed above the casing and connected to one end of a transport pipe, the other end of the transport pipe extending into the inside of the casing.
3. The metal part additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the metal melting electric furnace is hung on a lifting device.
4. The metal part additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, wherein a first control valve is installed on the transport pipe to control the conduction and the closing of the transport pipe.
5. The metal part additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece support mechanism comprises a cooling plate connected to the three-axis moving platform, the cooling plate is provided with a flow channel therein, the flow channel can be connected to an external cooling source through a pump, and a part substrate is fixed on an upper surface of the cooling plate.
6. The metal part additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the casing is provided with a shielding gas inlet pipe and a shielding gas outlet pipe.
7. The metal part additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 6, wherein a second control valve is installed on the shielding gas inlet pipe, and a third control valve is installed on the shielding gas outlet pipe.
8. The metal part additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein a cooling pipe assembly is installed on an inner side surface of a side wall of the housing, and the cooling pipe assembly can be connected to an external cooling source through a pump.
9. The metal part additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the forging mechanism is a forging press, and the forging press is mounted on a gantry inside the housing.
10. An operating method of the metal part additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the workpiece bearing mechanism is driven to move in a horizontal plane by the operation of the three-axis moving platform, the molten metal in the molten metal supply mechanism is laid on the workpiece bearing mechanism through the conveying pipe, after the molten metal is solidified, the solidified molten metal is forged by the forging mechanism, the manufacture of the first layer of the workpiece is completed, the workpiece bearing mechanism is driven to descend by the three-axis moving platform, and the manufacture of the multiple layers of the workpiece is completed by the same method in sequence until the manufacture of the workpiece is completed.
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| CN202210645643.6A CN115070060A (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2022-06-09 | Metal part additive manufacturing device and working method |
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| US20140202595A1 (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-07-24 | California Institute Of Technology | Systems and methods for fabricating objects including amorphous metal using techniques akin to additive manufacturing |
| CN103639412A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-19 | 王利民 | 3D (Three-dimensional) printer |
| CN107470628A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Improve increasing material manufacturing metal structure and the ultrasonic micro- forging set composite and increasing material manufacturing method of performance |
| CN110076566A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-02 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of the metal parts manufacture system and method for micro- casting forging milling In-situ reaction |
| CN112916872A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-08 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | Additive manufacturing system and additive manufacturing method |
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