CN115067451A - 一种茶藨子提取物及其抗金黄色葡萄球菌用途 - Google Patents
一种茶藨子提取物及其抗金黄色葡萄球菌用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种茶藨子提取物,它由包括如下内容的方法制备得到:取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上苯乙烯型弱极性大孔吸附树脂,以乙醇含量0‑20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。狭果茶藨子提取物可以有效抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌生长繁殖,具有成为天然食品保鲜剂的潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然植物提取物领域。
背景技术
随着食品科学领域的发展,食品安全逐渐成为食品工业中不可忽视的全球性问题,由微生物引起的食品腐败与疾病给世界各国造成了损失,目前广泛应用的化学防腐剂价格低廉,虽然可以抑制细菌生长,但对人体有一定的致畸、致癌和致突变作用。
狭果茶藨子(Ribes stenocarpum Maxim)属虎耳草科植物,全世界约有160种,青海省有11种,1个变种。茶藨子为落叶灌木,生于山坡灌丛、云杉林和杂木林下或山沟中。研究发现,茶藨子的化学成分主要为:不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸、多糖、黄酮类化合物等。前期研究发现,青藏高原狭果茶藨子提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等具有一定的抑制作用,具有成为新型多功能食品添加剂的潜力。但对于狭果茶藨子的各种部位的研究还较少。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种抗菌提取物,具体是提供了一种茶藨子提取物,它由包括如下内容的方法制备得到:
取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上聚酰胺树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
其中,所述茶藨子选自狭果茶藨子。
其中,所述聚酰胺树脂选自聚己内酰胺。
其中,所述乙醇含量0-20%的水中,乙醇含量选自0、10%或20%。
其中,所述洗脱,选自单次洗脱或梯度洗脱。
所述单次洗脱,是指只采用一种溶剂进行洗脱,并收集该单一溶剂的洗脱液。例如,单独使用纯水(即乙醇含量为0的水)洗脱,收集水洗脱液;或者,单独使用乙醇含量20%的水洗脱,收集该洗脱液;等等。
本发明所述梯度洗脱,是指依次使用乙醇含量从低到高的水进行多次洗脱,收集其中一种或多种溶剂的洗脱液。例如,可以依次使用乙醇含量0、10%、20%的水进行洗脱,收集三种不同溶剂的洗脱液,或者仅收集其中之一的洗脱液;或者,可以依次使用乙醇含量0、20%的水进行洗脱,收集两种不同溶剂的洗脱液,或者仅收集其中之一的洗脱液;等等。
本发明还提供了茶藨子提取物的制备方法,它包括如下内容:
取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上聚酰胺树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
其中,所述茶藨子选自狭果茶藨子。
本发明还提供了如下所述茶藨子提取物在制备抗细菌产品中的用途;所述茶藨子提取物由包括如下内容的方法制备得到:取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上苯乙烯型弱极性大孔吸附树脂或者聚酰胺树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
其中,所述苯乙烯型弱极性大孔吸附树脂选自AB-8型大孔吸附树脂。
本发明还提供了上述茶藨子提取物在制备抗细菌产品中的用途。
其中,所述细菌选自格兰仕阳性菌,可以是其他常见的阳性菌,如葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、肺炎双球菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌、破伤风杆菌等。
本发明还提供了一种抗菌产品,它包括如上所述的茶藨子提取物。
本发明还提供了一种防腐剂,它包括如上所述茶藨子提取物。
本发明还提供了一种果汁防腐剂,它包括如下所述茶藨子提取物,该提取物由包括如下内容的方法制备得到:取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上苯乙烯型弱极性大孔吸附树脂或者聚酰胺树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
本发明中所述茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,可以直接购买已有的茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,也可以通过常规方法进行提取,例如,以乙酸乙酯直接提取茶藨子;或者,以乙醇、含水乙醇、甲醇、含水甲醇提取茶藨子,再使用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,或者使用系统溶剂法,依次用极性从低到高的有机溶剂进行萃取,取乙酸乙酯萃取层即可。
如前所述“含水乙醇”或“含水甲醇”,乙醇或甲醇含量在80%以上,例如,80%、85%、90%、95%等等。
本发明中所述乙醇含量、甲醇含量,是指体积分数。
本发明中所述提取,可以采取本领域常规的方法,例如回流、浸渍、超声、微波辅助等等。
本发明在制备产品时,除了活性成分外,还可以加入辅料或/和辅助性成分。
本发明中所述的“辅料”,是药物制剂中除主药以外的一切附加材料的总称,辅料应当具备如下性质:(1)对人体无毒害作用,几无副作用;(2)化学性质稳定,不易受温度、pH、保存时间等的影响;(3)与主药无配伍禁忌,不影响主药的疗效和质量检查;(4)不与包装材料相互发生作用。
所述“辅助性成分”,它具有一定生理活性,但该成分的加入不会改变上述组合物在疾病治疗过程中的主导地位,而仅仅发挥辅助功效,这些辅助功效仅仅是对该成分已知活性的利用,是医药领域惯用的辅助治疗方式。若将上述辅助性成分与本发明组合物配合使用,仍然应属于本发明保护的范围。
附图说明
图1不同浓度提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线的影响
图2不同浓度KI下金黄色葡萄球菌膜蛋白氨基酸残基苯丙氨酸(A),色氨酸(B)和酪氨酸(C)荧光光谱
图3不同浓度狭果茶藨子提取物DW1处理下金黄色葡萄球菌膜蛋白氨基酸残基苯丙氨酸(A)色氨酸(B)和酪氨酸(C)荧光光谱
图4提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成抑制率
图5提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌核酸泄露的影响
图6提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌ATP酶活力的影响
图7提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌呼吸链脱氢酶酶活力的影响
图8提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌SDH和MDH活力的影响
图9不同浓度狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌微观形态的影响
图10不同浓度狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对橙汁中菌落总数的影响
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1本发明提取物的制备
取狭果茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上AB-8大孔树脂,用水进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,除去或不除去溶剂,即得本发明提取物。
实施例2本发明提取物的制备
取狭果茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上AB-8大孔树脂,用20%乙醇进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,除去或不除去溶剂,即得本发明提取物。
实施例3本发明提取物的制备
取狭果茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上AB-8大孔树脂,依次用水、20%乙醇进行洗脱,收集20%乙醇洗脱液,除去或不除去溶剂,即得本发明提取物。
实施例4本发明提取物的制备
取狭果茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上AB-8大孔树脂,依次用水、20%乙醇进行洗脱,收集水和20%乙醇洗脱液,除去或不除去溶剂,即得本发明提取物。
实施例5本发明提取物的制备
取狭果茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上聚酰胺树脂(聚己内酰胺树脂),用水进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,除去或不除去溶剂,即得本发明提取物。
实施例6本发明提取物的制备
取狭果茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上聚酰胺树脂(聚己内酰胺树脂),用20%乙醇进行洗脱,收集洗脱液,除去或不除去溶剂,即得本发明提取物。
实施例7本发明抗菌产品的制备
取本发明提取物,加入适量的辅料,制备抗菌产品。
实施例8本发明提取物的抗菌活性实验
1材料与试剂
狭果茶藨子产自青海互助珠固乡;金黄色葡萄球菌CMCC(B)26003购自上海鲁微科技有限公司,金黄色葡萄球菌在37℃120r/min的MH肉汤中培养;超微量ATP、苹果酸脱氢酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶试剂盒购自南京建成生物科技有限公司。碘硝基氯化四氮唑蓝(INT),上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
2仪器与设备
荧光分光光度计(RF-6000),日本岛津公司;微生物生长曲线仪(Micro-GCM),德国BMG公司;扫描电镜(JSM-6610LV),日本电子公司;显微细胞分析、菌落计数抑菌圈测量联用仪(MF1),杭州迅数科技有限公司。
3狭果茶藨子粗提物的制备
狭果茶藨子低温烘干,粉碎,过60目筛,取100 0g样品加入95%乙醇回流提取2h,提取两次,过滤后合并滤液并浓缩,得到总粗提物80g,分别用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,制备乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、水提取物。
采用AB-8大孔树脂进一步分离纯化乙酸乙酯提取物(40g),分别用蒸馏水、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%乙醇梯度洗脱,收集不同极性洗脱液,浓缩,低温冷冻干燥,得组分DW1、DW2、DW3、DW4、DW5、DW6,其中DW1为19g,4℃密封储存备用。
4抑菌活性测定
将金黄色葡萄球菌活化后,用无菌生理盐水稀释,比浊至0.5麦氏单位,配制不同浓度狭果茶藨子提取物,并放入药敏纸片浸泡12h,采用纸片扩散法进行抑菌实验,菌落计数器测量抑菌圈直径[7]。
5最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)测定
在无菌96孔板中,各加入100μL MH肉汤,第1孔中加入浓度100mg/mL的提取物100μL,二倍稀释法将提取物依次稀释,再加入100μL菌悬液。37℃培养24h后,使用微量核酸蛋白仪测定600nm处的吸光值,再吸取100μL涂布至MH琼脂平板,37℃培养24h后,使用菌落计数器计算菌落数[9],菌落数小于5的浓度为最低杀菌浓度。
6生长曲线测定
将培养至对数期的细菌转接至含有不同浓度(终浓度分别为1/8MIC、1/4MIC、1/2MIC、MIC、MBC)的狭果茶藨子提取物的96孔板,置于微生物生长曲线检测系统中37℃培养24h,每30min测定600nm处吸光值。
7细胞膜膜蛋白测定
参照Wang等的方法[11]并稍有修改,在1×108CFU/mL的细胞悬浮液中加入终浓度分别为0、0.005、0.01、0.015、0.02、0.025、0.03mol/L的碘化钾和0、1/8MIC、1/4MIC、1/2MIC、MIC、MBC提取物,25℃温育1h,258、280和296nm的固定激发波长下记录细菌样品的发射光谱。
8抗生物膜形成检测
生长期细菌经500 0g离心10min,用无菌的0.01M PBS洗涤,再悬浮于新鲜的PBS。无菌96孔板中分别加入100μL的提取物稀释液和菌悬液,进行细胞培养。37℃下培养金黄色葡萄球菌48小时后,去除未贴壁的细胞,用PBS冲洗三次。然后向每个孔中加入200μL 0.1%结晶紫,并在室温下孵育10分钟。然后用PBS洗涤三次去除多余的结晶紫并在室温下干燥,再向每个孔中加入200μL的95%乙醇,使用微量核酸蛋白测量仪读取600nm处的吸光度。以PBS为对照,使用以下公式计算生物膜形成的抑制率[12]。
其中:Ai为添加提取物的吸光值;A0为对照组吸光值。
9核酸泄露测定
将1mL菌悬液和18mL MH肉汤混合,加入1mL提取物a使终浓度为MBC、MIC、1/2MIC、1/4MIC、1/8MIC,使用蒸馏水作对照,每组重复三次,37℃下(121r/min)培养,每隔2h取样2mL,5478.2×g离心5min后用紫外可见分光光度计测定上清液在260nm[13]和280nm下的吸收值。
10Na+/K+-ATP酶测定
将金黄色葡萄球菌制成菌悬液,加入提取物DW1使终浓度为MBC、MIC、1/2MIC、1/4MIC、1/8MIC的提取物,对照组用磷酸缓冲溶液进行校正,37℃恒温震荡培养6h,8000r/min离心15min,磷酸缓冲溶液清洗三次,超声破碎细胞,采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质含量,以牛血清蛋白作为标准品。用ATP酶试剂盒测定金黄色葡萄球菌中Na+/K+-ATP酶的含量,每个样品做三次平行实验。
11呼吸链脱氢酶
取生长期的金黄色葡萄球菌与1mL处理液混合培养1h。培养结束后,菌悬液离心并用生理盐水清洗。然后向每根试管中加入0.9mL PBS和0.1mL INT混合后在室温中避光暗处理1h。暗处理后用紫外可见分光光度计测定其在490nm[15]下的吸收值。
12琥珀酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活力测定
将金黄色葡萄球菌接种到含不同浓度提取物DW1的MH培养液中,摇瓶培养24小时。然后离心收集细菌,PBS洗涤3次,组织匀浆96匀浆机匀浆,琥珀酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶检测试剂盒检测。
13扫描电镜
指数期细胞用提取物处理,使最终浓度为MIC、1/2MIC,无菌水作对照,37℃培养4h。离心收集菌体,PBS清洗三次,2.5%戊二醛固定3小时后PBS清洗3次,依次用30%、50%、70%、90%、100%乙醇梯度脱水,每个浓度脱水两次,真空干燥后离子溅喷金,扫描电镜观察。
14橙汁保鲜试验
市售新鲜橙子,在无菌条件下榨汁后过滤,加入狭果茶藨子提取物DW1使终浓度为25mg/mL、12.5mg/mL、6.25mg/mL、3.13mg/mL,对照组加入灭菌水,放置于4℃冰箱,分别于0、3、6、9、12d取出100μL涂布至新鲜MH琼脂培养基上,培养24h后用菌落计数仪测定细菌总数,第12天进行感官检验,检验标准如表1。
表1橙汁感官评分标准
15结果与分析
15.1抑菌部位的筛选与纯化
各部位抗菌活性见表2。根据发明人之前的研究,狭果茶藨子的乙酸乙酯提取物是抗菌活性最好的部分。采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂和聚酰胺树脂对乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离纯化,并比较其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性。结果表明,提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用差异较大。随着浓度的增加,抑制环直径增大。乙酸乙酯提取物经AB-8大孔吸附树脂分离得到DW1-6,聚酰胺树脂分离得到DW7-12,AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化的DW1层具有更好的抗菌效果,浓度为300mg/ml时,抑制环直径为24.284±0.448mm,为极敏,相同浓度下其抑菌活性优于丙酸钠、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、利奈唑胺和氯霉素。因此,选择经AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化后的DW1部位进行抑菌机理试验。
表2粗提物浓度为100mg/mL时的抑菌圈直径
注:抑菌圈直径大于20mm为极敏;15~20mm为高敏;10~15mm为中敏;7~9mm为低敏;小于6mm为不敏感。
15.2最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度
狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强抑制作用,其MIC值为3.13mg/mL,MBC值为6.25mg/mL,是MIC值的两倍,而空白对照无抑菌效果。15.3金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线测定结果
不同浓度狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌生长影响如图1所示。当无狭果茶藨子提取物DW1存在时,金黄色葡萄球菌生长迅速;当DW1浓度为MIC时,完全抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌的生长;浓度为1/2MIC时,也表现出抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长的作用;金黄色葡萄球菌从13h开始生长,DW1浓度为1/4MIC条件下抑制效果不明显,当浓度为1/8MIC和1/16MIC时,与对照相比,几乎无抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的作用。
15.4细胞膜膜蛋白测定结果
KI对金黄色葡萄球菌膜蛋白荧光光谱的影响如图2所示,KI浓度从上到下依次为0.005mol/L、0.01mol/L、0.015mol/L、0.02mol/L、0.025mol/L、0.03mol/L,结果显示,Phe荧光强度猝灭明显,Phe残基主要位于膜外,而Trp和Tyr的残基主要位于膜内。提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌膜蛋白荧光光谱的影响如图3所示,提取物浓度从上到下依次为1/32MIC、1/16MIC、1/8MIC、1/4MIC、1/2MIC、MIC、MBC,Phe、Trp和Tyr残基的最大发射强度随着提取物浓度升高而逐渐降低,浓度为1/16MIC、1/8MIC时影响较小,当浓度为MIC、MBC时,伴随明显红移,这些结果表明狭果茶藨子提取物DW1改变了细胞膜膜蛋白的结构和构象,导致细胞膜膜蛋白变化,影响细胞膜的正常功能。
15.5抗生物膜形成测定结果
狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成抑制率如图4所示,当浓度为MBC时,抑制率为73.509±0.543%,随着浓度的降低,抑制率降低;浓度为1/16MIC时,抑制率为9.603±1.675%,细胞膜损伤程度与狭果茶藨子提取物DW1浓度呈正相关。推测狭果茶藨子提取物破坏了细胞膜的完整性,最终导致细胞死亡。
15.6核酸泄露测定结果
狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌核酸泄露情况影响如图5所示,结果显示,实验组和对照组吸光值随着时间延长而增大,12h内对照组吸光值从0.010增加至0.033,MIC组吸光值从0.233增加至0.064,且同一时间内MIC组核酸泄露大于对照组(对照组可能是由于细胞正常衰亡导致核酸泄露)。表明在狭果茶藨子提取物的处理下金黄色葡萄球菌的核酸释放量增大,核酸大分子物质外泄,说明细胞膜破裂,细胞失去细胞膜的保护,导致细胞代谢受损,最终导致金黄色葡萄球菌死亡。
15.7Na+/K+-ATP酶活力测定结果
Na+/K+-ATP酶(Na/K泵)功能是调节活性离子的转运,维持可兴奋组织膜上的电化学梯度(Lawrence A.Olatunji等,2006),Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP酶是细胞膜上的钙泵,它能水解ATP,将细胞内钙离子泵送到细胞外,维持细胞内相对较低的钙离子浓度,从而维持细胞的稳定性,保证细胞的正常功能。(A.O.Abdulkareem.等人,2019年)。这是维持细胞稳态的重要机制之一,也是细胞正常功能的基础,ATPase为细胞提供能量。细胞膜上Na+/K+-ATPase、Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase和T-ATPase的活性如图6所示。对照组Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase为4.71,MBC组酶活力为12.32,是对照组的2.62倍;对照组Na+/K+-ATPase酶活力为14.67,MBC组酶活力为36.61,是对照组的2.48倍;MBC组T-ATPase酶活力为75.83,对照组酶活力为28.56,三种酶活力均随着提取物DW1浓度增加而增加。金黄色葡萄球菌通过提高ATP酶的活性来抵抗提取物的影响以保持细胞内外电化学梯度的平衡。结果表明,提取物激活了金黄色葡萄球菌膜结合离子通道,细菌细胞通过改变细胞膜内外离子浓度来维持细胞功能,以抵抗不利环境的影响,ATP酶激活的结果间接地说明了提取物的去极化。从以上结果可以看出,提取物通过显著破坏细菌细胞膜,提高了细胞膜的通透性。
15.8呼吸链脱氢酶活力测定结果
呼吸链中的脱氢酶是循环中的TCA关键酶,乙酰辅酶A如果第三阶段酶活性降低,就不能完全氧化或氧化速率降低,即影响葡萄糖的完全转化,不能完成呼吸代谢,细胞膜呼吸链中的脱氢酶将氯化碘硝基四氮唑(INT)还原为暗红色的水不溶性物质,所以吸光值代表呼吸链脱氢酶活力。不同浓度的RSM提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌呼吸链脱氢酶的影响如图7所示。MBC组吸光值为0.63,对照组吸光值为1.41。随着提取物浓度的降低,呼吸链脱氢酶活性增加,表现为酶活性的抑制。呼吸链脱氢酶不能完成细菌正常生命活动的能量供应。因此,狭果茶藨子提取物通过抑制金黄色葡萄球菌呼吸链脱氢酶的活性,抑制能量供应。
15.9琥珀酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活力测定结果
苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)是葡萄糖代谢的关键酶之一,能催化苹果酸和草酰乙酸的可逆转化。琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)位于线粒体内膜,是介导氧化磷酸化和电子传递的关键环节之一。它能为真核细胞线粒体和各种原核细胞的有氧和产能呼吸链提供电子,是线粒体的标记酶。其活性可作为评价三羧酸循环运行程度的指标。狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对金黄色葡萄球菌琥珀酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶的活性影响如图8所示。MBC组琥珀酸脱氢酶活力为23.82mg prot/mL,对照组琥珀酸脱氢酶活力为56.99mg prot/mL,是MBC组的2.39倍;MBC组苹果酸脱氢酶活力为1.89mg prot/mL,对照组苹果酸脱氢酶活力为2.74mg prot/mL,是MBC组的1.45倍。随着提取物浓度的增加,MDH和SDH活性降低,琥珀酸脱氢酶活性高于苹果酸脱氢酶。因此,狭果茶藨子提取物通过抑制琥珀酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶来抑制能量和物质代谢,最终导致细胞死亡。
15.10电镜扫描结果
从图9中可以看出,正常金黄色葡萄球菌呈球状,结构完整,有完整细胞膜且平滑,MIC处理下的细胞改变原有形态,缩水破损,形状不规则,细胞膜褶皱并出现凹陷,细胞膜边界不清晰,1/2MIC处理下的金黄色葡萄球菌,细胞变大,细胞表面不平整,因此,狭果茶藨子提取物可以改变金黄色葡萄球菌的固有形态,导致细胞破损,从而杀死细菌。
15.11狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对橙汁中微生物的抑制作用
狭果茶藨子提取物对橙汁中菌落总数的影响如图10所示。结果表明,常温条件下,随着时间的延长,各实验组橙汁中菌落总数均呈增加趋势,但是添加了狭果茶藨子提取物的实验组菌落总数增加速度明显要比没有添加的慢,且细菌总数要少,同时菌落总数与添加的提取物DW1浓度呈剂量依赖关系。12d时,空白对照组菌落总数为289,MIC组为193,4MIC组为103(仅为空白对照组的1/3),说明狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对橙汁中的微生物具有明显的抑制作用。由于橙汁中的微生物种类复杂,本研究未进一步分离鉴定,推断狭果茶藨子提取物DW1除了对金黄色葡萄球菌外可能对其他微生物也具有一定抑制作用。
15.12橙汁保鲜试验感官评价结果
狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对橙汁感官评分影响如表3所示,由表可知,评分随橙汁中添加的狭果茶藨子提取物浓度升高而升高,空白对照组色泽评分为10.25分,4MIC组评分为22.25分,为对照组的2.2倍;空白对照组气味评分为12.41分,4MIC组评分为24.89分,为对照组的两倍;空白对照组组织状态评分为19.38分,4MIC组评分为31.32分,为对照组的1.6倍,由此说明,狭果茶藨子提取物对橙汁的色泽、气味等具有良好的保护作用,可以有效延缓橙汁的腐败变质,保鲜效果明显,且保鲜效果与添加的狭果茶藨子提取物浓度呈正相关。
表3狭果茶藨子提取物DW1对橙汁感官评分的影响
结论
狭果茶藨子为原料,通过AB-8大孔树脂、聚酰胺分离纯化乙酸乙酯提取部位,制备得到抑菌活性较强的组分DW1、DW7,结果表明,当两者对金黄色葡萄球菌均有良好的抑菌活性,且优于同浓度下传统食品防腐剂山梨酸钾、脱氢乙酸钠,也优于同浓度下常用抗生素利奈唑胺和氯霉素。橙汁保鲜试验发现,狭果茶藨子提取物DW1能有效抑制橙汁中腐败菌的生长,延缓橙汁的腐败变质,保鲜效果显著,具有成为天然食品防腐剂的巨大潜力,开发前景诱人。
Claims (10)
1.一种茶藨子提取物,其特征在于:它由包括如下内容的方法制备得到:
取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上聚酰胺树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的茶藨子提取物,其特征在于:所述茶藨子选自狭果茶藨子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的茶藨子提取物,其特征在于:所述聚酰胺树脂选自聚己内酰胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的茶藨子提取物,其特征在于:所述乙醇含量0-20%的水中,乙醇含量选自0、10%或20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的茶藨子提取物,其特征在于:所述洗脱,选自单次洗脱或梯度洗脱;进一步地,所述梯度洗脱,指先用乙醇含量为0的水进行洗脱,再使用乙醇含量为20%的水洗脱。
6.茶藨子提取物的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括如下内容:
取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上聚酰胺树脂树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
7.如下所述茶藨子提取物在制备抗细菌产品中的用途;所述茶藨子提取物由包括如下内容的方法制备得到:取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上苯乙烯型弱极性大孔吸附树脂或者聚酰胺树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于:所述细菌选自格兰仕阳性菌;更进一步地,选自葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎双球菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌、破伤风杆菌中的一种或多种。
9.一种防腐剂,其特征在于:它包括权利要求1-6任意一项所述茶藨子提取物。
10.一种果汁防腐剂,其特征在于:它包括如下所述茶藨子提取物,该提取物由包括如下内容的方法制备得到:取茶藨子乙酸乙酯提取物,上苯乙烯型弱极性大孔吸附树脂或者聚酰胺树脂,以乙醇含量0-20%的水洗脱,收集洗脱液,制备得到茶藨子提取物。
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