CN115067274B - Liquid-state raising method for fattening pigs - Google Patents
Liquid-state raising method for fattening pigs Download PDFInfo
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- CN115067274B CN115067274B CN202210866329.0A CN202210866329A CN115067274B CN 115067274 B CN115067274 B CN 115067274B CN 202210866329 A CN202210866329 A CN 202210866329A CN 115067274 B CN115067274 B CN 115067274B
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- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039447 salmonellosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000012153 swine disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Zearalenon Natural products O=C1OC(C)CCCC(=O)CCCC=CC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019158 vitamin B6 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LINOMUASTDIRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vomitoxin hydrate Natural products OCC12C(O)C(=O)C(C)=CC1OC1C(O)CC2(C)C11CO1 LINOMUASTDIRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N zearalenone Chemical compound O=C1O[C@@H](C)CCCC(=O)CCC\C=C\C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C21 MBMQEIFVQACCCH-QBODLPLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid feed for fattening pigs, which comprises three feed formulas for pigs in different growth stages, wherein the three feed formulas comprise base materials, silage and water. The invention changes the conventional pig feeding mode into the liquid feed feeding mode, not only can greatly reduce the feeding cost, but also can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria because the liquid feed contains abundant beneficial bacteria, and can regulate the intestinal health through the beneficial bacteria, improve the digestion and absorption capacity of the intestinal canal and improve the production performance of pigs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a liquid feed for fattening pigs.
Background
At present, domestic pigs are widely in markets, but the current large-scale cultivation feeding mode is generally dry feed feeding, and researches find that the dry feed feeding has some negative effects on pig health, especially on the respiratory and digestive systems of pigs, so that respiratory diseases, intestinal ulcers, gastric ulcers and the like are caused, the risk of salmonella infection is also caused, the feed is wasted to a certain extent, and the cultivation cost is increased. How to effectively solve these problems is the key point of current research.
In early China, farmers feed the pig feed and soup in a mixed mode, but the pig feed and soup are not regulated according to scientific mixing proportion due to unreasonable sanitary conditions and mixing proportion, and harmful bacteria are bred, so that the growth speed of pigs is not ideal. In recent years, due to the high cost of traditional dry materials, low price and wide sources of liquid material byproducts, in addition, liquid materials have many advantages in terms of productivity and animal health, which has led to the growing-finishing pigs in north america, such as 20% of Canada, which are fed with liquid. Under the domestic traditional pig raising condition, a liquid and semi-liquid feeding mode is generally adopted, and the feeding mode is gradually replaced by a compound feed dry feeding mode along with the development of pig raising scale. In recent years, liquid feeding is explored in China, innovation and popularization of an intelligent feeder are started in 2012, hot spots are formed in 2014-2015, and the liquid feeding in pig farms on the scale of China is a development trend at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a liquid feed for fattening pigs, which is used for simplifying feeding process and reducing breeding cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: providing a liquid feed for fattening pigs, which comprises three feed formulas for different growth stages of piglets, wherein the three feed formulas comprise base materials, silage and water; wherein, the content of the crude protein of the base material in the feed formula of the first stage is 15.9 to 16 percent, the content of the crude fat is 2.5 to 2.55 percent, the content of the crude fiber is 2.45 to 2.5 percent, the content of the crude ash is 4.35 to 4.4 percent, the content of the calcium is 0.5 to 0.7 percent, the content of the total phosphorus is 0.5 to 0.55 percent, and the content of the salt is 0.4 to 0.45 percent; the second stage feed formula contains 15-15.5% of base material crude protein, 2.5-2.55% of crude fat, 2.25-2.3% of crude fiber, 4-4.1% of crude ash, 0.5-0.6% of calcium, 0.45-0.5% of total phosphorus and 0.4-0.45% of salt; the third stage feed has base material with coarse protein content of 14-14.5%, coarse fat content of 2.6-2.65%, coarse fiber content of 2.3-2.35%, coarse ash content of 3.75-3.8%, calcium content of 0.4-0.6%, total phosphorus content of 0.45-0.5% and salt content of 0.4-0.45%.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the base materials in the first-stage feed formula comprise the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour, 25 parts of corn, 10-10.5 parts of bean pulp, 30-31 parts of wheat, 1-1.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 1-1.1 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.65-0.7 part of stone powder, 0.4-0.6 part of soybean oil, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.3 part of L-threonine, 0.1-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.04-0.06 part of L-tryptophan, 4.5-5 parts of wheat bran, 0.2-0.4 part of acidity regulator, 0.1-0.2 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.3-0.35 part of compound trace element additive and 0.03-0.05 part of compound enzyme preparation.
Further, the base materials in the second-stage feed formula comprise the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour, 25 parts of corn, 7.5-8 parts of bean pulp, 35-36 parts of wheat, 0.9-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 0.9-1 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.6-0.65 part of stone powder, 0.4-0.6 part of soybean oil, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.25 part of L-threonine, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine, 0.04-0.06 part of L-tryptophan, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 0.1-0.3 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.1-0.2 part of compound trace element additive and 0.03-0.05 part of compound enzyme preparation.
Further, the base materials in the feed formula of the third stage comprise the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour, 25 parts of corn, 4-4.5 parts of bean pulp, 36-37 parts of wheat, 0.8-0.85 part of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 0.85-0.9 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.6-0.65 part of stone powder, 0.4-0.6 part of soybean oil, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.06-0.08 part of DL-methionine, 0.03-0.05 part of L-tryptophan, 5-6 parts of wheat bran, 0.1-0.3 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.1-0.2 part of compound trace element additive and 0.03-0.05 part of compound enzyme preparation.
Further, the multivitamin additive comprises the following components:
300000IU/kg of vitamin A, 3 100000IU/kg of vitamin D, 2000IU/kg of vitamin E, 100mg/kg of vitamin K3, 100mg/kg of vitamin B1, 250mg/kg of vitamin B2, 120mg/kg of vitamin B6, 12 mg/kg of vitamin B, 1250mg/kg of nicotinamide and 80mg/kg of vitamin C.
Further, the compound trace element additive comprises ferrous sulfate, ferric glycine complex, cupric sulfate, cupric chloride hydroxide, zinc glycine, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, selenium yeast, cobalt chloride and ethoxyquinoline.
Further, the complex enzyme preparation comprises the following components:
xylanase 4000000IU/kg, protease 500000IU/kg, alpha-amylase 1000000IU/kg, beta-glucanase 150000IU/kg and pectase 25000IU/kg.
Further, the mass ratio of the base material to the water in the three feed formulas is 1:3, and the silage accounts for 15-25% of the total mass of the base material and the water.
Further, the silage is prepared through the following steps:
(1) Cleaning and sterilizing the silage pit: cleaning, airing and sterilizing the silage pit 1 month in advance; the silage pit is cleaned and disinfected continuously for 1 to 2 days before being put into the pit;
(2) Silage pit film coating: paving an oxygen barrier film on the side wall of the silage pit wall, extending the oxygen barrier film to the surface of the silage pit for 1-2 meters, and continuing to disinfect the silage pit after coating the film;
(3) Crushing high-humidity corn: crushing high-humidity corn with the moisture content of 28% -32%, the impurity content of less than 3%, the mildew grain content of less than 3% and the aflatoxin B1 of less than 10 mug/kg to obtain corn residues;
(4) High-humidity corn press pit: spreading corn residue into the silage pit, compacting the pit in a slope compacting mode when seen from the side, wherein the slope angle is 25-35 DEG, compacting the pit in a U-shaped compacting mode with the middle low and the two sides high when seen from the front, compacting the corn residue once after each 8-12cm thick is spread, and compacting the top of the silage pit in an inverted U-shaped compacting mode with the middle high and the two sides low when seen from the front;
(5) Film coating after cellar pressing: after compaction, firstly sealing the compacted corn covered plastic film, then covering the black-and-white film for sealing, finally uniformly covering a weight on the silage surface for compaction, and standing for more than 42 days.
Further, feeding a first-stage feed formula at the stage of 77-124 days of pig growth, wherein the using amount of the first-stage feed formula is 80 kg/head; feeding a second-stage feed formula in the stage of growing the pigs for 125-174 days, wherein the using amount of the second-stage feed formula is 120 kg/head; feeding a third-stage feed formula at the stage of growing the pigs for 175-200 days, wherein the using amount of the third-stage feed formula is 40 kg/head.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. exploring a feeding process of feeding the fattening pigs in a liquid state and taking notice matters in the feeding process through fumbling of the liquid state feeding mode;
2. the production performance and slaughtering performance of pigs are improved by using high-humidity silage corns in a liquid feeding mode, so that the cultivation cost is reduced;
3. the invention changes the conventional pig feeding mode into the liquid feed feeding mode, not only can greatly reduce the feeding cost, but also can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria because the liquid feed contains abundant beneficial bacteria, and can regulate the intestinal health through the beneficial bacteria, improve the digestion and absorption capacity of the intestinal canal and improve the production performance of pigs.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A liquid feed for fattening pigs comprises three feed formulas for piglets in different growth stages, wherein the three feed formulas comprise base materials, silage and water. Wherein:
the base material in the first-stage feed formula comprises the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour (standard), 25 parts of corn (for pigs), 10.4 parts of bean pulp, 30.11 parts of wheat, 1.09 parts of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 1.03 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.68 part of stone powder, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.25 part of L-threonine, 0.15 part of DL-methionine, 0.05 part of L-tryptophan, 4.6 parts of wheat bran (for ordinary pigs), 0.3 part of acidity regulator (for acid noconch), 0.15 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.3 part of compound trace element additive and 0.04 part of compound enzyme preparation;
the feed formula for the first stage comprises the following nutritional components: moisture 12.29%, dry matter 87.71%; 15.99% of crude protein, 2.53% of crude fat, 2.48% of crude fiber, 4.37% of crude ash, 0.6% of calcium, 0.51% of total phosphorus and 0.43% of salt.
The characteristics are as follows: the functions of each part in the pig body tend to be perfect and sound, the feed intake is increased, the main purpose of the stage is bone growth, the pig body begins to have certain digestion capacity on crude fiber, and the content of the crude fiber is gradually increased.
The base material in the feed formula of the second stage comprises the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour (standard), 25 parts of corn (for pigs), 7.6 parts of bean pulp, 35.32 parts of wheat, 0.97 part of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 0.96 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.64 part of stone powder, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.21 part of L-threonine, 0.11 part of DL-methionine, 0.05 part of L-tryptophan, 2.9 parts of wheat bran (for ordinary pigs), 0.2 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.15 part of compound trace element additive and 0.04 part of compound enzyme preparation;
the nutrition ingredients of the feed formula in the second stage are as follows: moisture 12.29%, dry matter 87.71%; 15.02% of crude protein, 2.54% of crude fat, 2.26% of crude fiber, 4.03% of crude ash, 0.55% of calcium, 0.48% of total phosphorus and 0.44% of salt.
The characteristics are as follows: the functions of all parts in the body are completely normal, the digestion and absorption capacities of various feeds are strong, the digestion and utilization capacity of crude fibers is particularly enhanced, the stress resistance and the adaptability are greatly improved, and the growth speed is high.
The base material in the feed formula of the third stage comprises the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour (standard), 25 parts of corn (for pigs), 4.2 parts of bean pulp, 36.75 parts of wheat, 0.81 part of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 0.89 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.61 part of stone powder, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.19 part of L-threonine, 0.07 part of DL-methionine, 0.04 part of L-tryptophan, 5.2 parts of wheat bran (for ordinary pigs), 0.2 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.15 part of compound trace element additive and 0.04 part of compound enzyme preparation;
the third stage feed formula comprises the following nutritional components: moisture 12.32%, dry matter 87.68%; crude protein 14.01%, crude fat 2.61%, crude fiber 2.33%, crude ash 3.78%, calcium 0.50%, total phosphorus 0.46%, and salt 0.44%.
The characteristics are as follows: the functions of all parts in the body are completely normal, the digestion and absorption capacities of various feeds are strong, the digestion and utilization capacity of crude fibers is particularly enhanced, the stress resistance and the adaptability are greatly improved, and the growth speed is high.
The components of the vitamin complex additive used in the embodiment are as follows:
vitamin A300000 IU/kg, vitamin D3 100000IU/kg, vitamin E2000 IU/kg, vitamin K3 100mg/kg, vitamin B1 100mg/kg, vitamin B2 250mg/kg, vitamin B6120mg/kg, vitamin B12 100mg/kg, nicotinamide 1250mg/kg, vitamin C80 mg/kg; carrier and diluent: rice bran meal and medical stone.
The components of the compound trace element additive used in the embodiment are as follows:
ferrous sulfate, ferric glycine complex, copper sulfate, cupric chloride hydroxide, zinc glycine, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, selenium yeast, cobalt chloride, and ethoxyquinoline; carrier and diluent: rice bran meal and medical stone; in the composite trace element additive, iron 28000-60000mg/kg, copper 19440-41660mg/kg, zinc 17110-36660mg/kg and manganese 14000-30000mg/kg.
The components of the complex enzyme preparation used in this example are as follows:
xylanase 4000000IU/kg, protease 500000IU/kg, alpha-amylase 1000000IU/kg, beta-glucanase 150000IU/kg and pectase 25000IU/kg.
The silage used in this example was prepared by the following steps:
(1) Cleaning and sterilizing the silage pit: cleaning, airing and sterilizing the silage pit 1 month in advance; cleaning and sterilizing the silage pit for 2 days before the silage pit is put into the pit, wherein the disinfectant is caustic soda solution prepared by caustic soda and water according to the mass ratio of 1:20;
(2) Silage pit film coating: paving an oxygen separation film on the side wall of the silage pit wall, extending the oxygen separation film to the surface of the silage pit for 2 meters, and continuously sterilizing the silage pit after coating the film, wherein the disinfectant is glutaraldehyde solution prepared by glutaraldehyde and water according to the mass ratio of 1:150;
(3) Crushing high-humidity corn: crushing high-humidity corn with 28% of moisture content, less than 3% of impurities, less than 3% of mildew particles and less than 10 mug/kg of aflatoxin B1, sieving with an 8-mesh sieve to obtain corn residues, spraying lactobacillus and formic acid on the high-humidity corn in the crushing process, wherein the use amount of the lactobacillus is 1.0kg/t, and the use amount of the formic acid is 1.5kg/t;
(4) High-humidity corn press pit: spreading corn residues into the silage pit, compacting the pit by adopting a slope compacting mode when seen from the side, wherein the slope angle is 25 DEG, compacting the pit by adopting a U-shaped compacting mode with low middle and high two sides when seen from the front, compacting the corn residues once after each 8cm thick of the corn residues are spread, compacting the top of the silage pit by adopting an inverted U-shaped compacting mode with high middle and low two sides when seen from the front, wherein the total compacting time born by each square meter of silage raw material in the compacting process is 12s, the press pit is repeatedly carried out for 7 times when each layer of the silage pit is paved, and the corn residue density of the compacted silage pit is 1.0t/m < 3 >; after the press cellar is finished, corn residues at two sides of the silage cellar are 30cm higher than the cellar wall, and the top of the silage cellar is 1.2m higher than the cellar wall; the included angle between the silage tangent line at the top edge of the silage pit and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees;
(5) Film coating after cellar pressing: after compaction, firstly sealing the compacted silage covered plastic film, then covering the black-and-white film for sealing, finally uniformly covering the silage surface with a weight for compaction, and standing for more than 40 days.
The mass ratio of the base material to the water in the three feed formulations of the three stages in this example was 1:3, and the silage accounted for 20% of the total mass of base material and water.
Experimental example
1. The silage produced in example 1 was subjected to quality testing with the following results:
moisture content: 25% -35%; crushing: the granularity upper layer sieve (4.75 mm) accounts for 25% -35%, and the middle layer sieve (2 mm) accounts for more than 50%; density: the grain wet storage density is at least 1t/m 3 . Specific indexes of silage are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 quality index of high moisture silage corn
| Index (I) | High-humidity silage corn |
| Lactic acid (g/100 g dry matter) | 1.89 |
| Lactic acid bacteria quantity (log CFU/g) | 4.18 |
| Coli quantity (log CFU/g) | 3.08 |
| pH | 4.59 |
| Aflatoxin (microgramkg) | <50 |
| Vomitoxin (microgram/kg) | <1000 |
| Zearalenone (microgram/kg) | <500 |
| Ochratoxin (microgram/kg) | <100 |
2. Feeding process and equipment
(1) Liquid feeding device
The feeding process uses German WEDA equipment for feeding.
(2) Feeding process
When the device is used for feeding pigs, the stirrer in the corn steep liquor tank is used for stirring the high-humidity silage corn mixture for 120 seconds in advance, so that the uniformity of the mixture meets the requirement, and the problems of pipeline blockage and uneven feed can be reduced to a certain extent.
The central control system of the feeding equipment conveys backwater, cold water, feed base materials and silage into the stirring tank according to the water ratio, the formula and the feeding amount of pigs, and the backwater, the cold water, the feed base materials and the silage are mixed in the stirring tank for 15 minutes, so that the feed particles are dissolved while the mixing uniformity is ensured, and the effectiveness of pipeline conveying and the palatability of the pigs for feeding can be better ensured.
Conveying uniform feed in the stirring tank through a pipeline, and accurately feeding the target pigs by a central control system through calculating conveying distance, flow rate and air pressure; the pipeline is required to be cleaned after feeding each time, so that the feed in the pipeline is prevented from mildewing or blocking.
The feeding schedule for pigs is shown in table 2.
Table 2 pig feeding program
| Stage(s) | Body weight (Kg) | Day old (d) | Feed used | Feed usage (kg/head) |
| First stage | 35-60kg | 77-124 | First stage feed formulation | 80 |
| Second stage | 60-110kg | 125-174 | Feed formula for second stage | 120 |
| Third stage | 110-125kg | 174-200 | Third stage feed formulation | 40 |
| Full period | 35-125kg | 77-200 | 240 |
3. Liquid feeding fattening pig feeding management
(1) Pig feed preparation
When the nursery pigs reach 60 days old, the nursery pigs can be transferred to fattening. Before feeding pigs, the walls, the ground and all articles and equipment in the fattening house are required to be cleaned, thoroughly and effectively disinfected after drying, and finally fumigated and disinfected. Checking whether temperature control equipment, heating and lighting equipment can normally work, whether setting is correct, auxiliary heater needs to be put in suitable position, and after the trench sewage was empty, pour into 10 cm's water into, keep a suitable environment of humiture in the fattening house, simultaneously, along with growing up of fattening pig, setting such as temperature control equipment and heating equipment also need do corresponding regulation. The fattening pigs in the transfer house need to be strengthened to train the fixed positions of eating, excretion and the like, thereby forming good habit, being beneficial to growth and saving labor and feed.
(2) Rational grouping
Group feeding of growing-finishing pigs is a necessary measure for effectively utilizing the building area of a colony house in an intensive farm and improving labor productivity. In the process of grouping, in order to prevent fight from occurring among pigs, the pigs should be clustered according to the intensity and the weight as much as possible during the house transfer. The effects are best if the groups are conditionally classified according to the nest and the male and female. The liquid medicine with rich smell, such as alcohol, lai Su Shui, etc. can be sprayed to the pig noses during the grouping, so that the pigs cannot distinguish different groups from the smell, and the lights can be turned off after the grouping, so that the body flavors of the pigs are mutually mixed, and the fight situation of the pigs is greatly reduced; when pigs are transferred to a house, an empty fence needs to be reserved as a disease pig fence to prepare, if diseases or individuals with overlarge weight difference and overlarge physique occur, only the weak or the disease pigs are brought out, and the disease pig fence is placed for treatment without great change. In general, the population is not recommended to be adjusted after being formed, and the population can be maintained until being out of the column.
(3) Population density
The size of the raising density of the pig population influences the fattening effect of pigs. Under the certain condition of every girl area, population density is too big can lead to pig to fight each other, increase the possibility of biting the tail, can reduce pig and only lie down time and lie down the region, can carry out the rest of lying down in the dirty district of excrement of swinery even, probably can cause the emergence of disease and growth rate to slow down. However, the too small pig group density can cause the waste of areas, the great waste of energy sources and the reduction of local temperature of the pig group can be caused in cold seasons, the slow growth of pigs and the occurrence of diseases can be caused to a certain extent, and the condition of the total manure leakage floor is generally 0.5m in the early stage of fattening pigs 2 First, the later fattening period is 0.8m 2 First, the front period of fattening pigs is 0.9m under the condition of non-excrement leakage floor 2 First, the later fattening period is 1.2m 2 Head.
(4) Disease and insect repellent
Prevention and treatment of swine diseases are an important technical means in the process of raising pigs. The whole cultivation process must be implemented with the basic treatment concept of 'prevention mainly and treatment assistance', and the effective treatment is carried out according to the disease treatment scheme. The disease control scheme for pigs is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 pig disease control regimen
(5) Feeding condition
The daily feed intake of pigs is calculated according to the initial weight and the feeding curve after the pigs enter a fattening house, and the basic concept of gradually increasing the feeding amount is to be followed when new pig groups are fed, so that the pigs can gradually recover feeding under the condition of reducing stress. Excessive initial residues are not suitable for preventing the feed from going moldy and deteriorating, so that the feed intake of pigs is reduced, and the pigs can die seriously. The feeding condition of pigs is checked in the daily inspection period, and the pigs can only fully feed by adjusting the feeding amount daily.
(6) Notice matters
The feeding condition of pigs should be noted only after the pigs enter the fattening house, and the gradual increase of the feeding amount and the feeding time interval can be considered. The feeding interval and the feeding amount can be gradually shortened and increased along with the increase of the day age; the excrement in the trough is cleaned in time, so that pigs are prevented from feeding polluted feed; toys such as iron chains are prepared as far as possible, so that tail biting of pigs is reduced; daily disinfection is required for the pig house, and the daily disinfection is generally carried out for 2-3 times in 1 week, so that the spread of germs in the house is reduced.
4. Test data
(1) Binary hybrid pigs with good body condition and close weight are selected to be 512, randomly divided into 2 groups, 8 replicates each, and 32 pigs each. The corn fodder is randomly divided into a control group and a 20% high-humidity silage corn group, wherein the control group is fed with the granulated finished fodder in the whole course, and the high-humidity silage corn group is fed by adopting a feeding procedure specified in a feeding flow. The formula of the finished feed is as follows:
25 parts of wheat flour (standard), 25 parts of corn (for pigs), 7.6 parts of bean pulp, 35.32 parts of wheat, 0.97 part of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 0.96 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.64 part of stone powder, 0.5 part of soybean oil, 0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.21 part of L-threonine, 0.11 part of DL-methionine (98.5%), 0.05 part of L-tryptophan, 2.9 parts of wheat bran (for ordinary pigs), 0.2 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.15 part of compound trace element additive and 0.04 part of compound enzyme preparation.
The test was carried out for 70 days.
(2) And (3) feeding management: feeding and managing according to a conventional pig farm method, and maintaining the temperature of the large environment of the fattening house at 18-22 ℃. The temperature change in the house is concerned every day, the temperature difference is controlled within 3 ℃, the illumination intensity is 110lux, the illumination time is 10-12 h, and the humidity is maintained at 50-70%. The fattening pigs are fed for 4 times (8:00-18:30) in a large fence, so that the fattening pigs can eat freely. The health care treatment is carried out regularly according to the health care flow and the treatment scheme.
(3) Measurement index and method
Average Daily Gain (ADG), average daily intake (ADFI), meat to feed ratio, survival rate;
average Daily Gain (ADG) = (final body weight-initial body weight)/(test days x number of pigs tested);
average Daily Feeding (ADFI) =total consumption/(days tested x pigs tested);
feed ratio = total feed consumption/(column body weight-initial body weight);
survival rate (%) =total number of heads out/total number of heads in column x 100%.
(4) Feeding results
The effect of feeding different feeds and feeding patterns on pig growth is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of liquid feeding of high humidity silage corn on production performance of fattening pigs
The effect of feeding different feeds and different feeding patterns on slaughter performance of pigs is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 influence of liquid feeding of high humidity silage corn on slaughter Performance of fattening pigs
| Index (I) | Control group | Test group |
| Tu Tichong | 91.24 | 94.15 |
| Carcass weight (kg) | 81.39 | 85.19 |
| Area of eye muscle | 38.57 | 39.94 |
| Backfat | 2.08 | 1.78 |
| Lean meat percentage | 62.07 | 63.74 |
As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, the liquid feeding mode for fattening pigs of 35-94 kg can improve average daily feeding and average daily weight gain of pigs, survival rate, carcass weight, eye muscle area and lean meat percentage, and reduce backfat thickness.
In addition, the feeding costs of the control group and the 20% high humidity silage maize group were counted and the results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 pig feed costs
| Project | Control group | Test group |
| Head average consumption material cost (Yuan/head) | 1204.51 | 1042.08 |
| First-aid charge (Yuan/first) | 18.59 | 16.54 |
| Manufacturing cost (Yuan/head) | 300.54 | 192.41 |
| Average cost (Yuan/kg) | 16.51 | 15.07 |
| Weight gain cost (Yuan/kg) for death | 14.22 | 12.67 |
As can be seen from Table 6, the invention reduces the cultivation cost by changing the feeding mode, the weight increasing cost per kg can be reduced by 1.55 yuan, and the weight increasing cost per year can be reduced by 80.6 ten thousand yuan.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail in connection with the examples, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the patent. Various modifications and variations which may be made by those skilled in the art without the creative effort are within the scope of the patent described in the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The liquid feed for fattening pigs is characterized by comprising three feed formulas for pigs in different growth stages, wherein the three feed formulas comprise base materials, silage and water; wherein, the content of the crude protein of the base material in the feed formula of the first stage is 15.9 to 16 percent, the content of the crude fat is 2.5 to 2.55 percent, the content of the crude fiber is 2.45 to 2.5 percent, the content of the crude ash is 4.35 to 4.4 percent, the content of the calcium is 0.5 to 0.7 percent, the content of the total phosphorus is 0.5 to 0.55 percent, and the content of the salt is 0.4 to 0.45 percent; the second stage feed formula contains 15-15.5% of base material crude protein, 2.5-2.55% of crude fat, 2.25-2.3% of crude fiber, 4-4.1% of crude ash, 0.5-0.6% of calcium, 0.45-0.5% of total phosphorus and 0.4-0.45% of salt; the third stage feed formula contains 14-14.5% of coarse protein, 2.6-2.65% of coarse fat, 2.3-2.35% of coarse fiber, 3.75-3.8% of coarse ash, 0.4-0.6% of calcium, 0.45-0.5% of total phosphorus and 0.4-0.45% of salt;
the base material in the first-stage feed formula comprises the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour, 25 parts of corn, 10-10.5 parts of bean pulp, 30-31 parts of wheat, 1-1.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 1-1.1 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.65-0.7 part of stone powder, 0.4-0.6 part of soybean oil, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.3 part of L-threonine, 0.1-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.04-0.06 part of L-tryptophan, 4.5-5 parts of wheat bran, 0.2-0.4 part of acidity regulator, 0.1-0.2 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.3-0.35 part of compound trace element additive and 0.03-0.05 part of compound enzyme preparation;
the base material in the second-stage feed formula comprises the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour, 25 parts of corn, 7.5-8 parts of bean pulp, 35-36 parts of wheat, 0.9-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 0.9-1 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.6-0.65 part of stone powder, 0.4-0.6 part of soybean oil, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.25 part of L-threonine, 0.1-0.15 part of DL-methionine, 0.04-0.06 part of L-tryptophan, 2-3 parts of wheat bran, 0.1-0.3 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.1-0.2 part of compound trace element additive and 0.03-0.05 part of compound enzyme preparation;
the base material in the feed formula of the third stage comprises the following components in parts by mass:
25 parts of wheat flour, 25 parts of corn, 4-4.5 parts of bean pulp, 36-37 parts of wheat, 0.8-0.85 part of calcium hydrophosphate I type, 0.85-0.9 part of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.6-0.65 part of stone powder, 0.4-0.6 part of soybean oil, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.06-0.08 part of DL-methionine, 0.03-0.05 part of L-tryptophan, 5-6 parts of wheat bran, 0.1-0.3 part of compound vitamin additive, 0.1-0.2 part of compound trace element additive and 0.03-0.05 part of compound enzyme preparation;
feeding a first-stage feed formula at the stage of 77-124 days of pig growth, wherein the using amount of the first-stage feed formula is 80 kg/head; feeding a second-stage feed formula in the stage of growing the pigs for 125-174 days, wherein the using amount of the second-stage feed formula is 120 kg/head; feeding a third-stage feed formula at the stage of growing the pigs for 175-200 days, wherein the using amount of the third-stage feed formula is 40 kg/head.
2. The liquid feed for fattening pigs according to claim 1, wherein the multivitamin additive comprises the following components:
vitamin A300000 IU/kg, vitamin D3 100000IU/kg, vitamin E2000 IU/kg, vitamin K3 100mg/kg, vitamin B1 100mg/kg, vitamin B2 250mg/kg, vitamin B6120mg/kg, vitamin B12 100mg/kg, nicotinamide 1250mg/kg and vitamin C80 mg/kg.
3. The liquid feed for fattening pigs according to claim 1, wherein the compound trace element additive comprises ferrous sulfate, glycine iron complex, copper sulfate, basic copper chloride, basic zinc chloride, zinc glycinate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, sodium selenite, selenium yeast, cobalt chloride, and ethoxyquinoline.
4. The liquid feed for fattening pigs according to claim 1, wherein the complex enzyme preparation comprises the following components:
xylanase 4000000IU/kg, protease 500000IU/kg, alpha-amylase 1000000IU/kg, beta-glucanase 150000IU/kg and pectase 25000IU/kg.
5. The liquid feed for fattening pigs according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the base material to the water in the three feed formulas is 1:3, and the silage accounts for 15-25% of the total mass of the base material and the water.
6. The liquid feed for fattening pigs according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the silage is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Cleaning and sterilizing the silage pit: cleaning, airing and sterilizing the silage pit 1 month in advance; the silage pit is cleaned and disinfected continuously for 1 to 2 days before being put into the pit;
(2) Silage pit film coating: paving an oxygen barrier film on the side wall of the silage pit wall, extending the oxygen barrier film to the surface of the silage pit for 1-2 meters, and continuing to disinfect the silage pit after coating the film;
(3) Crushing high-humidity corn: crushing high-humidity corn with the moisture content of 28% -32%, the impurity content of less than 3%, the mildew grain content of less than 3% and the aflatoxin B1 of less than 10 mug/kg to obtain corn residues;
(4) High-humidity corn press pit: spreading corn residue into the silage pit, compacting the pit in a slope compacting mode when seen from the side, wherein the slope angle is 25-35 DEG, compacting the pit in a U-shaped compacting mode with the middle low and the two sides high when seen from the front, compacting the corn residue once after each 8-12cm thick is spread, and compacting the top of the silage pit in an inverted U-shaped compacting mode with the middle high and the two sides low when seen from the front;
(5) Film coating after cellar pressing: after compaction, firstly sealing the compacted corn covered plastic film, then covering the black-and-white film for sealing, finally uniformly covering a weight on the silage surface for compaction, and standing for more than 42 days.
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