CN115067085B - Threshing device of concave plate reverse type harvester and combine harvester - Google Patents

Threshing device of concave plate reverse type harvester and combine harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115067085B
CN115067085B CN202210874274.8A CN202210874274A CN115067085B CN 115067085 B CN115067085 B CN 115067085B CN 202210874274 A CN202210874274 A CN 202210874274A CN 115067085 B CN115067085 B CN 115067085B
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China
Prior art keywords
threshing
concave plate
belt pulley
concave
harvester
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CN202210874274.8A
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CN115067085A (en
Inventor
沐森林
关卓怀
张敏
江涛
李海同
金梅
王刚
梁苏宁
陈旭
吴崇友
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18Threshing devices
    • A01F12/24One-part threshing concaves
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12Details of combines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/18Threshing devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/44Grain cleaners; Grain separators
    • A01F12/446Sieving means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/56Driving mechanisms for the threshing parts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Abstract

The invention discloses a threshing device of a concave plate reversing harvester, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises a threshing and cleaning device and a concave plate sieve reversing device, wherein the concave plate sieve reversing device is used for driving a concave plate sieve to have the circumferential speed in the opposite direction to that of a threshing roller, so that the threshing roller and the concave plate sieve are in opposite relative motion, and the grain harvester with the structure of the invention can increase the feeding processing capacity of grains, reduce the energy consumption, improve the threshing rate and have wide application prospect on the premise of not lengthening the threshing roller and not enlarging the occupied space of equipment.

Description

Threshing device of concave plate reverse type harvester and combine harvester
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a threshing device of a concave plate reverse type harvester and a combine harvester.
Background
Rice and wheat oil is a main crop rotation in Yangtze river basin in China, and the problems of insufficient processing capacity, low threshing rate and the like of the traditional grain combine harvester are usually caused due to reasons of rainy season, lodging, crop rotation and the like during harvesting, the crop processing capacity is usually increased by increasing the size of a mechanism, such as the diameter and the length of a roller, in the current market, so that the whole machine is oversized, the structural layout is not compact, the operation energy consumption is greatly increased, and the large-sized small-sized large-sized machine is excessively used. Meanwhile, the problems of cleaning loss and the like are accompanied, and particularly under the condition of high water content, the operation smoothness of the machine tool is reduced, and the grain loss rate is increased.
At present, a threshing separation device adopting a dynamic stator-rotor mode, namely threshing rolling rotation and concave plate screen fixation is adopted in the market whether the threshing separation device adopts a longitudinal axial flow, a transverse axial flow or a tangential longitudinal flow. The threshing elements arranged on the wall of the threshing cylinder rotate at a high speed to strike and rub materials, the grains and part of impurities to be threshing fall into the cleaning sieve through the sieve holes of the concave plate sieve, the effective striking, rubbing and separating space of the threshing separation type materials is limited, the concave plate wrap angle is only 100-120 degrees, and the threshing separation capacity is very large.
Through searching, chinese patent: ZL202021550062.7; authorized bulletin day: 11 months 18 days 2015; the invention discloses a tangential-longitudinal flow threshing separation cleaning device, which is characterized in that a section of tangential-flow threshing separation device is added between a material conveying groove and a longitudinal axial flow threshing separation device to realize high efficiency and high threshing rate, the problems of blockage and high crushing rate are easy to cause in the use process, and the whole machine has a complex transmission system and high cost; chinese patent publication No.: CN109557855a; publication date: 2021, 10, 29; a forced acceleration feeding double longitudinal axial flow threshing separator and its combine harvester are disclosed, which features that the forced acceleration feeding rollers are added and the double longitudinal axial flow threshing cylinders are arranged to increase the material treating power.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a concave plate reversing harvester threshing device and a combine harvester, wherein a concave plate sieve is driven by the concave plate sieve reversing device to have the circumferential speed in the opposite direction to that of a threshing cylinder, so that the threshing cylinder and the concave plate sieve move reversely and relatively, the threshing efficiency is improved by reversing the concave plate, the grain and stalk separation rate and the distribution uniformity of a threshing material on a cleaning sieve are improved, the feeding processing capacity of grains is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, the threshing rate is improved, and the threshing cleaning loss is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the threshing device of the concave plate reversing harvester comprises a frame, wherein two ends of the frame support two ends of the threshing device of the whole concave plate reversing harvester;
the front end of the screw conveyor is arranged at the tail end of a material conveying groove of the harvester;
the threshing cylinder is arranged at the rear end of the screw conveyor;
the concave plate screen is a hollow cylindrical 360-degree rotary concave plate screen, is circumferentially arranged on the outer side of the threshing cylinder, and forms a threshing separation gap with the outer side of the threshing cylinder;
the cleaning device is arranged right below the threshing cylinder and is used for cleaning the materials which fall off after threshing from the threshing cylinder,
the threshing device of the concave plate reversing harvester further comprises a concave plate sieve reversing device, one end of the concave plate sieve reversing device is connected to the front end of the spiral conveyor, the other end of the concave plate sieve reversing device is connected to the front end of the concave plate sieve and located on the same side of the spiral conveyor and the concave plate sieve, and meanwhile the concave plate sieve and the threshing cylinder are driven to do circular motion with opposite rotation directions.
As a further improvement of the invention, the concave plate screen reversing device comprises a belt pulley I, a belt II, a power belt pulley, a belt III, a rear fixed end cover, a concave plate screen rotary belt pulley, a rotary gear, a first connecting bearing, a rotary shaft tube, a forward gear, a double-row belt pulley, a front fixed end cover, a main transmission shaft, a planetary gear fixed plate, a planetary gear bearing seat, a planetary gear and a second connecting bearing, wherein the planetary gear fixed plate is fixedly connected to one side of the frame, an upper end shaft of the planetary gear is fixed on the planetary gear fixed plate through the planetary gear bearing seat, the lower end of the planetary gear is simultaneously meshed with the rotary gear and the forward gear, the rotary gear and the concave plate screen rotary belt pulley are sleeved at the center and fixedly connected to the peripheral wall of the rotary shaft tube, the forward gear is fixedly connected to the middle part of the main transmission shaft, one end of the main transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the front fixed end cover after the double-row belt pulley, the other end of the main transmission shaft passes through the rotary shaft tube and is detachably connected with the rear fixed end cover after the double-row belt pulley, the first connecting bearing and the second connecting bearing are sleeved on the main transmission shaft, and are positioned inside the rotary gear bearing seat, and the first connecting bearing and the second connecting bearing is rotatably connected with the rotary belt pulley through the first rotating belt pulley and the power belt pulley.
As a further development of the invention, the threshing cylinder has a peripheral speed ω1 and the concave screen (4) has a peripheral speed ω2, ω2= (0.025-0.2) ω1 opposite to the threshing cylinder (3).
The invention also discloses a combine harvester which comprises a grain storage tank, a header, a material conveying groove, a protective cover, a running system, a cab and a grain unloading auger.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the threshing device of the concave plate reverse type harvester, the concave plate sieve is arranged and driven in the original space of the frame, so that the concave plate sieve has the circumferential speed in the opposite direction to that of the threshing cylinder, and the threshing cylinder and the concave plate sieve are formed to move reversely and relatively, so that the grain harvester provided with the structure of the invention has the advantages that the feeding processing capacity of grains is improved, the energy consumption is reduced and the threshing rate is improved on the premise that the threshing cylinder is not lengthened and the occupied space of equipment is not enlarged;
(2) According to the threshing device of the concave plate reverse type harvester, provided by the invention, the threshing cylinder and the concave plate sieve are in reverse staggered motion, so that the threshing and kneading area and the striking capacity are greatly improved, meanwhile, the blocking phenomenon of the threshing cylinder during threshing with large feeding quantity can be effectively relieved, and experiments show that the device can improve the material processing capacity by 30% and reduce the energy consumption by 20%;
(3) According to the threshing device of the concave plate reversing harvester, provided by the invention, a user can change the transmission ratio by changing gears with different diameters, so that the rotation speed of the concave plate sieve is adjusted, the rotation speed ratio of the concave plate sieve relative to the threshing cylinder is adjusted, and the threshing efficiency and the separation effect of materials are improved.
In a word, the concave plate reverse rotation type harvester threshing device can be suitable for threshing grain materials with different sizes and volumes, can greatly improve the feeding quantity of the materials, reduces the energy consumption, and has the advantages of high threshing rate, low impurity content, compact structure, small occupied space and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a threshing and cleaning device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the concave screen reversing device in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an overall schematic of the combine harvester of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the threshing cleaning device after being mounted to FIG. 4 (with the boot removed);
list of drawing identifiers:
1. threshing and cleaning device; 101. a threshing cylinder; 102. concave plate screen; 103. a cleaning device; 106. a material inlet; 109. a frame; 110. a screw conveyor; 112. a concave screen reversing device; 104. a first belt pulley; 105. a first belt; 107. a second belt; 108. a belt pulley II; 111. a third belt; 112-1, a rear fixed end cap; 112-2, concave screen swivel pulley; 112-3, a slewing gear; 112-4, coupling bearing one; 112-5, a rotary shaft tube; 112-6, a forward gear; 112-7, double-row belt pulley; 112-8, a front fixed end cover; 112-9, a main transmission shaft; 112-10, a planetary gear fixing plate; 112-11, a planet carrier; 112-12, planetary gears; 112-13, connecting the second bearing; 2. a grain storage tank; 3. a harvesting platform; 4. a material conveying groove; 5. a protective cover; 6. a walking system; 7. a cab; 8. and a grain unloading auger.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the following drawings and detailed description, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a threshing device of a concave-plate reversing harvester comprises a frame 109, wherein two ends of the frame 109 support two ends of the threshing device of the whole concave-plate reversing harvester; the front end of the screw conveyor 110 is arranged at the tail end of a material conveying groove of the harvester; a threshing cylinder 101, wherein the threshing cylinder 101 is arranged at the rear end of the screw conveyor 110; a concave screen 102, wherein the concave screen 102 is a hollow cylindrical 360 DEG rotary concave screen 102, is circumferentially arranged outside the threshing cylinder 101, and forms a threshing separation gap with the outside of the threshing cylinder 101; the threshing device 103 is arranged right below the threshing cylinder 101 and used for cleaning the materials falling from the threshing cylinder 101 after threshing, the concave-plate reversing harvester threshing device further comprises a concave-plate sieve reversing device 112, one end of the concave-plate sieve reversing device 112 is connected to the front end of the screw conveyor 110, the other end of the concave-plate sieve reversing device is connected to the front end of the concave-plate sieve 102 and is positioned on the same side of the screw conveyor 110 as the concave-plate sieve 102, and meanwhile, the concave-plate sieve 102 and the threshing cylinder 101 are driven to do circular motion with opposite rotation directions.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the concave screen reversing device 112 comprises a first belt pulley 104, a first belt 105, a second belt 107, a power belt pulley 108, a third belt 111, a rear fixed end cover 112-1, a concave screen rotary belt pulley 112-2, a rotary gear 112-3, a first coupling bearing 112-4, a rotary shaft tube 112-5, a forward gear 112-6, a double row belt pulley 112-7, a front fixed end cover 112-8, a main transmission shaft 112-9, a planetary gear fixed plate 112-10, a planetary gear bearing support 112-11, a planetary gear 112-12 and a coupling bearing 112-13, wherein the planetary gear fixed plate 112-10 is fixedly connected to one side of the frame 109, the upper end shaft of the planetary gear 112-12 is fixedly connected to the planetary gear fixed plate 112-10 through the planetary gear bearing support 112-11, the lower end of the planetary gear is simultaneously meshed with the rotary gear 112-3 and the forward gear 112-6, the rotary gear 112-3, the concave screen rotary belt pulley 112-2 is centrally sleeved and fixedly connected to the peripheral wall of the rotary shaft tube 112-5, the forward gear 112-6 is fixedly connected to the front end cover 112-5, the front fixed end cover 112-9 is fixedly connected to the front end cover 112-9, the rear fixed end cover 112-12 is fixedly connected to the front end cover 112-9 and the rear fixed to the front end cover 112-9 through the planetary gear bearing support 112-11, the front fixed end cover 112-9 and the front end cover 112-9 is fixedly connected to the front end cover 112-5, so that the rotary shaft tube 112-5 can rotate on the main transmission shaft 112-9, the outer side pulley of the double-row pulley 112-7 is coupled with the power pulley 108 through the second belt 107, the inner side pulley is coupled with the first pulley 104 through the first belt 105, the first pulley 104 is coupled to the front end of the screw conveyor 110, and the concave screen rotary pulley 112-2 is coupled with the outer circumference of the concave screen 102 through the third belt 111. The power belt pulley 108 receives power and rotates to drive the outer belt pulley of the double-row belt pulley 112-7 to rotate and then drive the inner belt pulley to rotate, so that the belt pulley one 104 is driven to do circular motion in the positive direction, namely, the threshing cylinder 101 is driven to do circular motion in the positive direction, the double-row belt pulley 112-7 simultaneously drives the positive gear 112-6 to rotate, the rotary gear 112-3 is driven to do reverse motion through the planetary gear 112-12, then the concave screen rotary belt pulley 112-2 is driven to rotate, and finally the concave screen 102 is driven to do rotary motion opposite to the motion direction of the threshing cylinder 101. The arrow direction in the figure is a simulated rotation direction. The material enters the gap between the threshing cylinder 101 and the concave screen 102 from the material inlet 106 through the screw conveyer 110, and the threshing area and the beating capacity are greatly improved and the threshing efficiency is greatly improved because the threshing cylinder 101 and the concave screen 102 are in reverse staggered motion.
The threshing cylinder 3 has a peripheral speed ω1 and the concave screen 4 has a peripheral speed ω2, ω2= (0.025-0.2) ω1 opposite to the threshing cylinder 3.
The invention also discloses a combine harvester, which comprises a grain storage tank 2, a header 3, a material conveying groove 4, a protective cover 5, a traveling system 6, a cab 7 and a grain unloading auger 8, as shown in fig. 4-5, and the concave plate reversing type harvester threshing device 1 is also provided, wherein the concave plate reversing type harvester threshing device 1 is arranged in the protective cover 5. The prior art part of the overall combine is not elucidated here, and the drawings show a schematic view of the threshing device 1 of the concave-panel reverse-type harvester according to the invention after installation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the threshing device of the concave plate reverse rotation type harvester, the concave plate sieve with self-driving capability is arranged in the original space of the frame, the combination of the old fixed concave plate sieve and the cover shell is replaced, full wrap angle threshing is realized, the material processing capability of the device is improved on the premise that the length of a threshing cylinder is not lengthened and the occupied space of equipment is not increased, and the threshing rate is improved;
(2) According to the threshing device of the concave plate reverse type harvester, provided by the invention, the threshing cylinder and the concave plate sieve are in reverse staggered motion, so that the threshing and kneading area and the striking capacity are greatly improved, meanwhile, the blocking phenomenon of the threshing cylinder during threshing with large feeding quantity can be effectively relieved, and experiments show that the device can improve the material processing capacity by 30% and reduce the energy consumption by 20%;
(3) According to the threshing device of the concave plate reversing harvester, provided by the invention, a user can change the transmission ratio by changing gears with different diameters, so that the rotation speed of the concave plate sieve 102 is adjusted, the rotation speed ratio of the concave plate sieve 102 relative to the threshing cylinder 101 is adjusted, and the threshing efficiency and the separation effect of materials are improved.
In a word, the concave plate reverse rotation type harvester threshing device can be suitable for threshing grain materials with different sizes and volumes, can greatly improve the feeding quantity of the materials, reduces the energy consumption, and has the advantages of high threshing rate, low impurity content, compact structure, small occupied space and wide application prospect.
It should be noted that the foregoing merely illustrates the technical idea of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and that a person skilled in the art may make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The threshing device of the concave plate reverse type harvester comprises a frame (109), wherein two ends of the frame (109) support two ends of the threshing and cleaning device of the whole harvester;
the front end of the screw conveyor (110) is arranged at the tail end of a material conveying groove of the harvester; a threshing cylinder (101), wherein the threshing cylinder (101) is arranged at the rear end of the screw conveyor (110);
a concave plate screen (102), wherein the concave plate screen (102) is a hollow cylindrical 360-degree rotary concave plate screen (102), is circumferentially arranged on the outer side of the threshing cylinder (101), and forms a threshing separation gap with the outer side of the threshing cylinder (101);
the cleaning device (103) is arranged right below the threshing cylinder (101) and is used for cleaning the materials which fall off after threshing of the threshing cylinder (101);
the threshing device of the concave plate reversing harvester further comprises a concave plate sieve reversing device (112), one end of the concave plate sieve reversing device (112) is connected to the front end of the spiral conveyor (110), the other end of the concave plate sieve reversing device is connected to the front end of the concave plate sieve (102) and is positioned on the same side of the spiral conveyor (110) and the concave plate sieve (102), and meanwhile, the concave plate sieve (102) and the threshing cylinder (101) are driven to do circular motion with opposite rotation directions;
the concave plate screen reversing device (112) comprises a belt pulley I (104), a belt I (105), a belt II (107), a power belt pulley (108), a belt III (111), a rear fixed end cover (112-1), a concave plate screen rotary belt pulley (112-2), a rotary gear (112-3), a coupling bearing I (112-4), a rotary shaft tube (112-5), a forward gear (112-6), a double-row belt pulley (112-7), a front fixed end cover (112-8), a main transmission shaft (112-9), a planetary gear fixed plate (112-10), a planetary gear bearing seat (112-11), a planetary gear (112-12) and a coupling bearing II (112-13), wherein the planetary gear fixed plate (112-10) is fixedly connected to one side of the frame (109), the upper end shaft of the planetary gear (112-12) is fixedly connected to the planetary gear fixed plate (112-10) through the planetary gear bearing seat (112-11), the lower end of the planetary gear fixed plate (112-10) is simultaneously meshed with the rotary gear (112-3) and the forward gear (112-6), the rotary gear (112-3), the rotary shaft tube (112-2) is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the concave plate (112-5), the positive gear (112-6) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the main transmission shaft (112-9), one end of the main transmission shaft (112-9) is fixedly connected with the double-row belt pulley (112-7) and then detachably connected with the front fixed end cover (112-8), the other end of the main transmission shaft passes through the rotary shaft tube (112-5) and then detachably connected with the rear fixed end cover (112-1), the first connecting bearing (112-4) and the second connecting bearing (112-13) are sleeved on the main transmission shaft (112-9) and are positioned in the rotary shaft tube (112-5), so that the rotary shaft tube (112-5) can rotate on the main transmission shaft (112-9), an outer belt pulley of the double-row belt pulley (112-7) is connected with the power belt pulley (108) through the second belt pulley (107), an inner belt pulley is connected with the first belt pulley (104) through the first belt pulley (105), the first belt pulley (104) is connected with the front end of the spiral conveyer (110), and the concave plate rotary belt pulley (112-2) is connected with the concave plate (102) through the third belt pulley (111);
the threshing cylinder (101) has a peripheral speed omega 1 and the concave screen (102) has a peripheral speed omega 2, omega 2= (0.025-0.2) omega 1 opposite to the threshing cylinder (101).
2. A combine harvester using the concave-plate reverse-rotation type harvester threshing device according to claim 1, comprising a grain storage tank (2), a header (3), a material conveying groove (4), a protective cover (5), a traveling system (6), a cab (7) and a grain unloading auger (8), wherein the concave-plate reverse-rotation type harvester threshing device (1) is installed inside the protective cover (5).
CN202210874274.8A 2022-07-22 2022-07-22 Threshing device of concave plate reverse type harvester and combine harvester Active CN115067085B (en)

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