CN115067016B - Method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil - Google Patents

Method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil Download PDF

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CN115067016B
CN115067016B CN202210833242.3A CN202210833242A CN115067016B CN 115067016 B CN115067016 B CN 115067016B CN 202210833242 A CN202210833242 A CN 202210833242A CN 115067016 B CN115067016 B CN 115067016B
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saline
alkali
soil
vermiculite
alkali soil
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CN115067016A (en
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田维亮
朱宝林
任锋
侯进鹏
李仲
沈艺雯
丁慧萍
雷晓东
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Tarim University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/04—Chlorides
    • C01D3/06—Preparation by working up brines; seawater or spent lyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/78—Compounds containing aluminium and two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen and hydrogen
    • C01F7/784—Layered double hydroxide, e.g. comprising nitrate, sulfate or carbonate ions as intercalating anions
    • C01F7/785—Hydrotalcite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/20—Two-dimensional structures
    • C01P2002/22—Two-dimensional structures layered hydroxide-type, e.g. of the hydrotalcite-type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating saline-alkali and improving soil by saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of excavating a foundation pit on the saline-alkali soil, building a square convex edge, arranging a cylindrical partition plate on the inner side of the periphery, and adding nitric acid solution or phosphoric acid solution to form a saline-alkali pool; grooves are formed in the periphery of the saline-alkali pond, and/or a cylinder is arranged in the center of the saline-alkali pond; preparing an evaporation material by vermiculite, paving the evaporation material on a plastic wrapping material, and/or adding the plastic wrapping material into a cylinder, and separating out and enriching the salt and alkali by natural evaporation; taking out the evaporating material enriched with the saline and alkaline, dissolving, separating and washing to obtain saline and alkaline solution and vermiculite or evaporating material; returning vermiculite or evaporating material for reuse, and repeating the above steps; adding alkali liquor and intercalation agent into the saline-alkali solution for reaction and crystallization to obtain the functional material. The invention realizes the separation of the salt and alkali in the saline-alkali soil, improves the saline-alkali soil, overcomes the problem of low water pressure and salt efficiency in the past, and further realizes the treatment of the saline-alkali soil; the invention can effectively promote the development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil.

Description

Method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving the soil.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, and is characterized in that salt contained in the soil influences normal growth of crops, and according to incomplete statistics of textbook organizations and grain and agricultural organizations of united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil is 9.5438 hundred million hectares worldwide, wherein the area of China is 9913 ten thousand hectares. The formation of alkaline earth and alkaline soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in the soil, so that the alkalinity is generally high, and plants in severe saline-alkali soil areas can hardly survive.
At present, four methods for improving the soil of the domestic saline-alkali soil are summarized: physical improvement, water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement, and biological improvement. These methods have been important for improving saline-alkali soil and agricultural production and bring great benefit, but the single saline-alkali soil improvement method has various defects. For example, physical improvement is to increase the porosity of the soil by deep ploughing, loosening the soil and the like, which is beneficial to salt removal, but salt ions adsorbed by the soil colloid are difficult to remove without a chemical improvement method (ion substitution), and the loosening of the soil is only temporary; biological improvement is the fixation or absorption of salts in soil into plants by organisms (plants or microorganisms), but the fixed or absorbed salts are still present in this soil area, which at any time would lead to the risk of secondary salinization of the soil if no subsequent measures were taken.
Therefore, how to effectively implement soil improvement of saline-alkali soil is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil by using saline-alkali soil, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for extracting and separating the saline-alkali soil and improving the soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Digging a foundation pit on the saline-alkali soil, building a square convex edge, arranging a cylindrical partition plate on the inner side of the periphery, and adding nitric acid solution or phosphoric acid solution to obtain a saline-alkali pond;
(2) Grooves are formed in the periphery of the saline-alkali pond, and the bottom surfaces of the grooves are lower than the plane of the saline-alkali pond; and/or arranging a cylinder in the center of the saline-alkali pond;
(3) Expanding raw ore vermiculite to obtain an expanded vermiculite precursor, adding a catalyst and a light absorption material, uniformly mixing, and catalyzing to obtain an evaporation material;
(4) Firstly, placing groove side partition boards and groove bottom partition boards with holes at the bottoms of the two sides of a groove, then paving plastic wrapping materials in the groove side partition boards or the groove bottom partition boards with the holes at the bottoms of the two sides of the groove, and then uniformly paving vermiculite or evaporation materials on the plastic wrapping materials; and/or adding vermiculite or evaporation material to the cylinder; absorbing heat under the irradiation of sunlight to evaporate saline-alkali and concentrating the saline-alkali soil on vermiculite or evaporation material to obtain a vermiculite or evaporation material saline-alkali mixture;
(5) Dissolving, separating and washing the vermiculite or the evaporating material saline-alkali mixture to obtain saline-alkali solution and vermiculite or evaporating material for recycling;
(6) Returning vermiculite or evaporating material to the saline-alkali pond, repeating the step (4) and the step (5) for more than three times, enriching the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil, mixing and collecting for standby, and realizing the basically complete separation and extraction of the saline-alkali in the saline-alkali soil;
(7) Adding alkali liquor and an intercalating agent into the saline-alkali solution recovered for multiple times to react, so as to obtain intercalated Mg-Al hydrotalcite; then crystallizing to obtain a layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs;
(8) The expanded vermiculite is modified, crushed and sieved to obtain fine-grained vermiculite, and then the layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs and organic matters are added to return to a saline-alkali pond, so that the saline-alkali soil is comprehensively improved, and the treatment of the saline-alkali soil is realized.
Further, in the step (1), the area of the saline-alkali pool is 1-200m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The depth of the cylindrical partition plate extending into the soil is 0.5-3m, the height of the cylindrical partition plate extending out of the inner side is 0.1-5m, and one surface of the outer side protrudes out of the bottom surface by 1-5cm; the water level after adding nitric acid solution or phosphoric acid solution is 0.01-2m.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali pond are uniformly enriched into the grooves through the control of the water flow channel.
Further, in the above step (1), the concentration of the nitric acid solution and the phosphoric acid solution is 0.001 to 0.1mol/L.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that nitric acid solution or phosphoric acid solution is added, so that on one hand, carbonate ions in soil are released, an ion channel is constructed to realize the transportation of saline-alkali ions, and on the other hand, nitrogen fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer is added into the soil.
Further, in the step (2), the width of the groove is 0.1-5m; the bottom surface of the groove is 0.1-1m lower than the saline-alkali pool plane.
The adoption of the further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the quick transportation of the saline-alkali ions is realized by utilizing the height difference (pressure difference), so that the quick enrichment of the saline-alkali ions is realized.
In the step (2), a plurality of cylinder bottom plates are further arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, and the cylinder bottom plates are arranged in the saline-alkali soil.
The technical proposal has the advantages that the cylinder bottom plate is hollow, and is filled with hydrophilic evaporation material or adsorption material, thereby having super-strong capillary phenomenon and playing a role in conveying liquid.
Further, in the step (3), the expansion temperature is 500-1000 ℃; the catalyst is at least one of ferrocene, iron, cobalt and nickel; the light absorbing material is titanium and/or selenium.
The catalyst has the beneficial effects that the catalyst is used for preparing the vermiculite carbon nano tube organic-inorganic composite material, so that the efficient adsorption of the porous material is realized, the black carbon nano tube is conducive to light absorption and conversion into heat, and the addition of the light absorption material is conducive to evaporation of water and better precipitation and enrichment of saline alkali.
Further, in the step (4), the plastic wrapping material is a porous wrapping material or a black plastic woven bag, and is permeable and breathable, so that the saline ion aqueous solution can be rapidly conveyed.
The black plastic woven bag has the advantages that the black plastic woven bag can absorb heat better, is placed under vermiculite or evaporation materials, is most important to be convenient for recycling the vermiculite or the evaporation materials, can realize the transportation of saline-alkali aqueous solution, and is low in cost and easy to recycle.
Further, in the step (4), the method further includes: solar substrates are placed on the peripheral partition plates and the cylinder to convert solar energy into electric energy for storage, and meanwhile, electric heating wires are arranged in vermiculite or evaporation materials, and evaporation is continued at night through the electric heating wires.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effect that the continuous 24-hour rapid enrichment of the saline and alkaline is realized.
Further, in the step (7), the alkali liquor is at least one of urea, sodium hydroxide, ammonia water and potassium hydroxide, and the concentration is 0.1-1mol/L; the intercalation agent is an organic matter of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, and the concentration of at least one of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum and boron is 0.1-1mol/L.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that intercalated Mg-Al hydrotalcite can be better formed, and the intercalated Mg-Al hydrotalcite contains a large amount of nutrient components required by crop growth, thereby being beneficial to the comprehensive improvement of saline-alkali soil.
Further, in the step (8), the fine vermiculite and the organic matter are sieved with at least one of 10 mesh, 20 mesh, 40 mesh, 60 mesh and 80 mesh; the organic matter is at least one of wood vinegar, organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, lysine, animal feces, biomass charcoal and straw leaf ash.
The adoption of the further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the fine-particle vermiculite provides large porosity, so that the ventilation and moisture preservation functions of soil are realized, and a good growth space is provided for crops; the organic matters can improve the fertility characteristics of soil, promote the physiological activity of plants and improve the ecological environment, realize the rapid improvement and treatment of the saline-alkali soil and shorten the treatment period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the separation of the salt and alkali in the saline-alkali soil, improves the saline-alkali soil, has simple process, obvious effect, low energy consumption and quick extraction and separation, overcomes the problem of low water pressure and salt efficiency in the past, and realizes the treatment of the saline-alkali soil; the invention can effectively promote the development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of saline-alkali soil extraction and separation and soil improvement provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the invention when only vermiculite or evaporating material is placed in the grooves
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a cylinder with only vermiculite or evaporation material disposed therein;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention when vermiculite or evaporation material is placed in both the channels and cylinders.
The solar energy heat collector comprises a 1-cylindrical partition board, a 2-groove bottom partition board, a 3-groove side partition board, 4-vermiculite or evaporation materials, a 5-black plastic woven bag, a 6-solar energy substrate, 7-saline-alkali soil, 8-horizon, 9-heating wires, a 10-cylinder and an 11-cylinder bottom board.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Performance testing
1. Pre-experiment:
(1) Weighing 50g of light saline-alkali soil, placing the light saline-alkali soil in a beaker, adding 200mL of water into the beaker, placing the beaker in a water bath kettle at 50 ℃ for stirring for 30min, pouring the solution into a centrifuge tube after finishing, centrifuging for 10min at 8000r/min, taking out an upper saline solution, placing the upper saline solution in a clean beaker for standby, placing the saline-alkali soil at the bottom in the beaker again, adding 200mL of water into the beaker, repeating the above operation for three times, placing the upper saline solution after washing for three times in a baking oven at 90 ℃ for 24h, evaporating water to separate out saline and alkali, and weighing 1.2g of saline and alkali, so that the salt content is 2.4%.
(2) Weighing 50g of light saline-alkali soil, placing in a beaker, adding 200mL of water and 10mL of HNO with the concentration of 65% 3 Placing the solution in a beaker, stirring for 30min in a water bath kettle at 50 ℃, and pouring into a centrifuge tube after the solution is finishedCentrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, taking out upper salt solution, placing in a clean beaker, placing the saline-alkali soil at the bottom in the beaker again, adding 200mL of water and 10mL of HNO with concentration of 65% 3 The solution is repeatedly operated for three times, the upper salt solution after three times of acid washing is placed in a baking oven at 90 ℃ for 24 hours, and the water is evaporated to separate out the salt and the alkali, so that 7.42g of the salt and the alkali is obtained, and the salt content is 14.84%.
(3) Weighing 50g of heavy saline-alkali soil, placing the heavy saline-alkali soil in a beaker, adding 200mL of water into the beaker, placing the beaker in a water bath kettle at 50 ℃ for stirring for 30min, pouring the mixture into a centrifuge tube after finishing, centrifuging for 10min at 8000r/min, taking out an upper saline solution, placing the upper saline solution in a clean beaker for standby, placing the saline-alkali soil at the bottom in the beaker again, adding 200mL of water into the beaker, repeating the above operation for three times, placing the upper saline solution after washing for three times in a baking oven at 90 ℃ for 24h, evaporating water to separate out saline and alkali, and weighing 26.21g of saline and alkali, so that the salt content is 52.42%.
(4) 50g of heavy saline-alkali soil is weighed and placed in a beaker, 200mL of water and 10mL of HNO with the concentration of 65 percent are added 3 Placing the solution in a 50 ℃ water bath kettle, stirring for 30min, pouring the solution into a centrifuge tube after the completion, centrifuging for 10min at 8000r/min, taking out the upper salt solution, placing the upper salt solution in a clean beaker for standby, placing the saline-alkali soil at the bottom in the beaker again, adding 200mL of water and 10mL of HNO with the concentration of 65 percent 3 The solution is repeatedly operated for three times, the upper salt solution after three times of acid washing is placed in a baking oven at 90 ℃ for 24 hours, and the water is evaporated to separate out the salt and the alkali, so that 39.43g of the salt and the alkali are obtained, and the salt content is 78.76%.
Preliminary experiments show that: the pickling is easier to completely separate out the salt and alkali than the water washing, the salt content of the light saline-alkali soil is 14.84 percent, and the salt content of the heavy saline-alkali soil is 78.76 percent.
Example 1
The method for extracting and separating the saline-alkali soil and improving the soil comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1 and 2:
(1) Digging a foundation pit on the saline-alkali soil, building a square convex edge, arranging groove partition boards 1 on the inner sides of the periphery, wherein the depth of the groove partition boards 1 extending into the soil is 0.5m, the extending height is 1m, adding water until the water level is 0.1m, and obtaining the water with the area of 1m as shown in figure 2 2 Is a saline-alkali pond;
(2) Grooves with the width of 0.1m are arranged around the saline-alkali pond, and the bottom surface of each groove is 0.1m lower than the plane of the saline-alkali pond;
(3) Expanding raw ore vermiculite at 900 ℃ to obtain expanded vermiculite, adding an iron catalyst and a titanium light absorption material to obtain an expanded vermiculite precursor, and catalyzing to obtain (vermiculite-based carbon nano tube composite saline-alkali soil adsorption) evaporation material 4;
(4) Firstly, placing a groove side baffle 3 and a groove bottom baffle 2 with an opening at the bottom at two sides of a groove, paving a permeable and breathable black plastic woven bag 5 in the groove side baffle 3 and the groove bottom baffle 2 with the opening at the bottom, uniformly paving an evaporation material 4 on the black plastic woven bag 5, absorbing heat by saline-alkali soil 7 in the groove around a saline-alkali pond under the irradiation of solar light reflected by a solar panel, evaporating and separating out saline-alkali and enriching the saline-alkali soil on the evaporation material 4 to obtain a saline-alkali mixture of the evaporation material;
a solar substrate 6 is placed on the cylindrical partition board 1 to convert solar energy into electric energy for storage, meanwhile, an electric heating wire 9 is arranged in the evaporation material 4, and evaporation is continued at night through the electric heating wire 9;
(5) Dissolving, separating and washing the evaporating material saline-alkali mixture to obtain saline-alkali solution and evaporating material 4 for recycling;
(6) Returning the evaporation material 4 to the saline-alkali pond, repeating the step (4) and the step (5) for more than three times, enriching the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil 7, mixing and collecting for standby, and realizing the basically complete separation and extraction of the saline-alkali in the saline-alkali soil 7;
(7) Adding sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L and rare earth element intercalation agent with the concentration of 0.1mol/L into the saline-alkali solution recovered for multiple times to react, so as to obtain intercalated Mg-Al hydrotalcite; then crystallizing to obtain a layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs;
(8) The expanded vermiculite is modified, crushed and sieved by a 50-mesh sieve to obtain fine-particle vermiculite, and then the layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs and the organic fertilizer are added to return to a saline-alkali pond, so that the saline-alkali soil 7 is comprehensively improved, and the treatment of the saline-alkali soil is realized.
(9) Weighing 50g of light saline-alkali soil, and total salt content: 1.06g, first extraction of salt amount using the procedure of example 1: 0.39g, salt removal rate: 36.79%; second extraction of salt content: 0.15g, salt removal rate: 14.15%; third extraction of salt: 0.11g, salt removal rate: 10.38%; fourth extraction of salt content: 0.05g, salt removal rate: 4.72%; fifth extraction of salt: 0.01g, salt removal rate: 0.94%; total salt removal rate: 66.98%. Weighing 50g of heavy saline-alkali soil, and total salt content: 30.53g; using the procedure of example 1, the first extraction of salt: 15.49g, salt removal rate: 50.74%; second extraction of salt content: 4.77g, salt removal rate: 15.62%; third extraction of salt: 1.59g, salt removal rate: 5.21%; fourth extraction of salt content: 0.22g, salt removal rate: 0.72%; fifth extraction of salt: 0.03g, salt removal rate: 0.01%; total salt removal rate: 72.39%.
Example 2
The method for extracting and separating the saline-alkali soil and improving the soil comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1 and 3:
(1) Digging foundation pit in saline-alkali soil, building square convex edge, arranging partition boards on the inner sides of the periphery, extending into soil to a depth of 3m and a height of 5m, adding water to a water level of 2m to obtain a water level of 200m as shown in figure 2 2 Is a saline-alkali pond;
(2) A cylinder 10 is arranged in the center of the saline-alkali pond, a plurality of cylinder bottom plates 11 are also arranged at the bottom of the cylinder 10, and the cylinder bottom plates 11 are arranged in the saline-alkali soil 7;
(3) Expanding raw ore vermiculite at 1000 ℃ to obtain expanded vermiculite, adding a cobalt catalyst and a selenium light absorption material to obtain an expanded vermiculite precursor, and catalyzing to obtain (vermiculite-based carbon nano tube composite saline-alkali soil adsorption) evaporation material 4;
(4) Adding an evaporation material 4 into a cylinder 10, absorbing heat by saline-alkali soil 7 under the bottom of a saline-alkali pond under the irradiation of sunlight reflected by a solar panel, evaporating to separate out saline-alkali, and concentrating the saline-alkali on the evaporation material 4 to obtain a saline-alkali mixture of the evaporation material;
a solar substrate 6 is placed on the cylindrical partition board 1 to convert solar energy into electric energy for storage, meanwhile, an electric heating wire 9 is arranged in the evaporation material 4, and evaporation is continued at night through the electric heating wire 9;
(5) Dissolving, separating and washing the evaporating material saline-alkali mixture to obtain saline-alkali solution and evaporating material 4 for recycling;
(6) Returning the evaporation material 4 to the saline-alkali pond, repeating the step (4) and the step (5) for more than three times, enriching the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil 7, mixing and collecting for standby, and realizing the basically complete separation and extraction of the saline-alkali in the saline-alkali soil 7;
(7) Adding ammonia water with the concentration of 1mol/L and an organic intercalation agent with the concentration of 1mol/L into the saline-alkali solution recovered for multiple times to react, so as to obtain intercalated Mg-Al hydrotalcite; then crystallizing to obtain a layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs;
(8) The expanded vermiculite is modified, crushed and screened by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain fine-particle vermiculite, and then the layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs and animal manure are added to return to a saline-alkali pond, so that the saline-alkali soil 7 is comprehensively improved, and the treatment of the saline-alkali soil is realized.
(9) Weighing 50g of light saline-alkali soil, and total salt content: 1.06g, first extraction of salt amount using the procedure of example 2: 0.43g, salt removal rate: 40.57%; second extraction of salt content: 0.17g, salt removal rate: 16.04%; third extraction of salt: 0.13g, salt removal rate: 12.26%; fourth extraction of salt content: 0.08g, salt removal rate: 7.55%; fifth extraction of salt: 0.02g, salt removal rate: 1.89%; total salt removal rate: 78.30%. Weighing 50g of heavy saline-alkali soil, and total salt content: 30.53g; using the procedure of example 2, the first extraction of salt: 17.52g, salt removal rate: 57.39%; second extraction of salt content: 4.90g, desalination rate: 16.05%; third extraction of salt: 1.62g, salt removal rate: 5.31%; fourth extraction of salt content: 0.23g, salt removal rate: 0.75%; fifth extraction of salt: 0.04g, salt removal rate: 0.01%; total salt removal rate: 79.63%.
Example 3
The method for extracting and separating the saline-alkali soil and improving the soil comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1 and 4:
(1) Digging a foundation pit on the saline-alkali soil, building a square convex edge, arranging groove partition boards 1 on the inner sides of the periphery, wherein the depth of the groove partition boards 1 extending into the soil is 2m, the extending height is 3m, adding water until the water level is 1m, and obtaining the water with the area of 100m as shown in figure 2 2 Is a saline-alkali pond;
(2) Grooves with the width of 3m are arranged around the saline-alkali pond, and the bottom surface of each groove is 0.5m lower than the plane of the saline-alkali pond; a cylinder 10 is arranged in the center of the saline-alkali pond, a plurality of cylinder bottom plates 11 are also arranged at the bottom of the cylinder 10, and the cylinder bottom plates 11 are arranged in the saline-alkali soil 7;
(3) Expanding raw ore vermiculite at 800 ℃ to obtain expanded vermiculite, adding a ferrocene catalyst and a titanium light absorption material to obtain an expanded vermiculite precursor, and catalyzing to obtain (vermiculite-based carbon nano tube composite saline-alkali soil adsorption) evaporation material 4;
(4) Firstly, placing a groove side baffle 3 and a groove bottom baffle 2 with holes at the bottom on two sides of a groove, paving a permeable and breathable black plastic woven bag 5 in the groove side baffle 3 and the groove bottom baffle 2 with holes at the bottom, and uniformly paving an evaporation material 4 on the black plastic woven bag 5; and the evaporation material 4 is added to the cylinder 10; the grooves around the saline-alkali pond and the saline-alkali soil 7 below the saline-alkali pond absorb heat and evaporate to separate out saline-alkali under the irradiation of solar light reflected by the solar panel and concentrate the saline-alkali on the evaporation material 4 to obtain an evaporation material saline-alkali mixture;
a solar substrate 6 is placed on the cylindrical partition board 1 to convert solar energy into electric energy for storage, meanwhile, an electric heating wire 9 is arranged in the evaporation material 4, and evaporation is continued at night through the electric heating wire 9;
(5) Dissolving, separating and washing the evaporating material saline-alkali mixture to obtain saline-alkali solution and evaporating material 4 for recycling;
(6) Returning the evaporation material 4 to the saline-alkali pond, repeating the step (4) and the step (5) for more than three times, enriching the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil 7, mixing and collecting for standby, and realizing the basically complete separation and extraction of the saline-alkali in the saline-alkali soil 7;
(7) Adding urea solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L and aluminum intercalation agent with the concentration of 0.5mol/L into the saline-alkali solution recovered for multiple times to react, so as to obtain intercalated Mg-Al hydrotalcite; then crystallizing to obtain a layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs;
(8) The expanded vermiculite is modified, crushed and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain fine-particle vermiculite, and then the layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs and wood vinegar are added to return to a saline-alkali pond, so that the saline-alkali soil 7 is comprehensively improved, and the treatment of the saline-alkali soil is realized.
(9) Weighing 50g of light saline-alkali soil, and total salt content: 1.06g, first extraction of salt amount using the procedure of example 3: 0.49g, salt removal rate: 46.23%; second extraction of salt content: 0.20g, salt removal rate: 18.87%; third extraction of salt: 0.16g, salt removal rate: 15.09%; fourth extraction of salt content: 0.11g, salt removal rate: 10.38%; fifth extraction of salt: 0.04g, salt removal rate: 3.78%; total salt removal rate: 94.34%. Weighing 50g of heavy saline-alkali soil, and total salt content: 30.53g; using the procedure of example 3, the first extraction of salt: 19.71g, salt removal rate: 64.56%; second extraction of salt content: 5.08g, salt removal rate: 16.64%; third extraction of salt: 1.66g, salt removal rate: 5.44%; fourth extraction of salt content: 0.25g, salt removal rate: 0.82%; fifth extraction of salt: 0.05g, salt removal rate: 0.02%; total salt removal rate: 87.62%.
The above experiments show that: the device is more favorable for separating out the salt and alkali for the heavy saline-alkali soil.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The method for extracting and separating the saline-alkali soil and improving the soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Digging a foundation pit on the saline-alkali soil, building a square convex edge, arranging a cylindrical partition plate on the inner side of the periphery, and adding nitric acid solution or phosphoric acid solution to obtain a saline-alkali pond;
(2) Grooves are formed in the periphery of the saline-alkali pond, and the bottom surfaces of the grooves are lower than the plane of the saline-alkali pond; and/or arranging a cylinder in the center of the saline-alkali pond;
(3) Expanding raw ore vermiculite to obtain an expanded vermiculite precursor, adding a catalyst and a light absorption material, uniformly mixing, and catalyzing to obtain an evaporation material;
(4) Firstly, placing groove side partition boards and groove bottom partition boards with holes at the bottoms of the two sides of a groove, then paving plastic wrapping materials in the groove side partition boards or the groove bottom partition boards with the holes at the bottoms of the two sides of the groove, and then uniformly paving vermiculite or evaporation materials on the plastic wrapping materials; and/or adding vermiculite or evaporation material to the cylinder; absorbing heat under the irradiation of sunlight to evaporate saline-alkali and concentrating the saline-alkali soil on vermiculite or evaporation material to obtain a vermiculite or evaporation material saline-alkali mixture;
(5) Dissolving, separating and washing the vermiculite or the evaporating material saline-alkali mixture to obtain saline-alkali solution and vermiculite or evaporating material for recycling;
(6) Returning vermiculite or evaporating material to the saline-alkali pond, repeating the step (4) and the step (5) for more than three times, enriching the saline-alkali ions in the saline-alkali soil, mixing and collecting for standby, and realizing the basically complete separation and extraction of the saline-alkali in the saline-alkali soil;
(7) Adding alkali liquor and an intercalating agent into the saline-alkali solution recovered for multiple times to react, so as to obtain intercalated Mg-Al hydrotalcite; then crystallizing to obtain a layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs;
(8) The expanded vermiculite is modified, crushed and sieved to obtain fine-grained vermiculite, and then the layered intercalated hydrotalcite functional material MgAl-LDHs and organic matters are added to return to a saline-alkali pond, so that the saline-alkali soil is comprehensively improved, and the treatment of the saline-alkali soil is realized.
2. The method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the area of the saline-alkali pond is 1-200m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The depth of the cylindrical partition plate extending into the soil is 0.5-3m, the height of the cylindrical partition plate extending out of the inner side is 0.1-5m, and one surface of the outer side protrudes out of the bottom surface by 1-5cm.
3. The method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the water level after adding the nitric acid solution or the phosphoric acid solution is 0.01-2m; the concentration of the nitric acid solution and the phosphoric acid solution is 0.001-0.1mol/L.
4. The method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the width of the groove is 0.1-5m; the bottom surface of the groove is 0.1-1m lower than the plane of the saline-alkali soil.
5. The method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a plurality of cylinder bottom plates are further arranged at the bottom of the cylinder, and the cylinder bottom plates are arranged in the saline-alkali soil.
6. The method for saline-alkali soil extraction and separation and soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the expansion temperature is 500-1000 ℃; the catalyst is at least one of ferrocene, iron, cobalt and nickel; the light absorbing material is titanium and/or selenium.
7. The method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the plastic wrapping material is a porous wrapping material or a black plastic woven bag, and the saline-ion aqueous solution can be rapidly conveyed through water permeation and air permeation.
8. The method for saline-alkali soil extraction and separation and soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), further comprising: solar substrates are placed on the peripheral partition plates and the cylinder to convert solar energy into electric energy for storage, and meanwhile, electric heating wires are arranged in vermiculite or evaporation materials, and evaporation is continued at night through the electric heating wires.
9. The method for extracting and separating saline-alkali soil and improving soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the alkali liquor is at least one of urea, sodium hydroxide, ammonia water and potassium hydroxide, and the concentration is 0.1-1mol/L; the intercalation agent is an organic matter of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, and the concentration of at least one of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum and boron is 0.1-1mol/L.
10. The method for saline-alkali soil extraction and separation and soil improvement according to claim 1, wherein in the step (8), the fine-grained vermiculite and organic matter are screened with at least one of a screen mesh number of 10 mesh, 20 mesh, 40 mesh, 60 mesh and 80 mesh; the organic matter is at least one of wood vinegar, organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, lysine, animal manure, biomass charcoal and straw leaf ash.
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