CN115058963A - Bridge expansion joint device and installation method thereof - Google Patents
Bridge expansion joint device and installation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115058963A CN115058963A CN202210727845.5A CN202210727845A CN115058963A CN 115058963 A CN115058963 A CN 115058963A CN 202210727845 A CN202210727845 A CN 202210727845A CN 115058963 A CN115058963 A CN 115058963A
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- assembly
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/06—Arrangement, construction or bridging of expansion joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
- E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The bridge expansion joint device comprises a first beam body, a second beam body and a telescopic assembly, wherein mounting notches for mounting the telescopic assembly are formed in the beam end part of the first beam body and the beam end part of the second beam body, pre-buried fixing pieces are pre-buried in the bottoms of the mounting notches, a height-adjusting assembly fixed with the pre-buried fixing pieces is mounted in the mounting notches, and the telescopic assembly is fixed on the height-adjusting assembly. The invention has the advantages that: this bridge expansion joint device can be through the mounting height of increaseing subassembly adjustment telescoping device, when the installation, the mounting height of telescoping device can be according to installation notch degree of depth actual size, adjust immediately through increaseing the subassembly at the scene, with the roughness requirement that realizes telescoping device and bridge road surface, and, adopt no concrete type bridge expansion joint device can cancel the concrete changeover portion structure, save the concrete changeover portion construction in the telescoping device installation and the required time of health preserving, thereby realize quick installation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of expansion joints of bridge engineering, in particular to a bridge expansion joint device and an installation method thereof.
Background
In order to meet the requirement of deformation of a bridge body, a bridge expansion joint device is generally arranged between two beam ends of a bridge, between the beam end and an abutment or on the hinged position of the bridge. In the existing bridge expansion joint device, a mode of 'firstly paving and then installing' is basically adopted, namely, the bridge pavement is paved, and then the installation notch of the expansion device is dug out to install the expansion device. As shown in fig. 8 and fig. 9, when the roof beam body 1a was makeed, the notch that supplies the installation of telescoping device 2a was reserved at the tip of the roof beam body, embedded steel bar 3a in the reservation groove, when telescoping device 2a carried out the field installation, at first when bridge deck pavement pitch layer 5a with the complete cover of telescoping device installation notch, then according to the requirement of telescoping device installation width with the installation notch cutting dig the sanitization, fix telescoping device 2a and embedded reinforcing bar 3a, at last pour transition section concrete 4a and carry out the maintenance to the concrete in the reservation groove, treat that the car that leads to can open after the concrete maintenance finishes.
The existing bridge expansion joint device has the following defects: before the telescopic device is installed, the installation groove opening area, the embedded steel bars and the like on the beam body need to be processed, then the telescopic device is installed, and the construction time is relatively long. The structure size of the installation groove area reserved on the beam body in the early stage and the arrangement position of the embedded part possibly have the phenomenon that the installation requirement of the telescopic device is not consistent due to construction errors and other reasons, the telescopic device cannot be correspondingly adjusted on site according to the size of the actual groove area, and the installation quality of the telescopic device is seriously influenced by the condition. In addition, in many bridge projects at present, especially urban viaducts and various overpasses, the traffic needs exist under the bridge, and if a road is sealed, the time also has a control requirement, so that the construction time of the expansion device is short, and the construction period and the product quality are adversely affected. In addition, because the rigidity degree of asphalt is different from that of concrete, the asphalt is flexible, and the concrete is rigid, the expansion joint device is easy to generate asphalt depression after being used for a long time, and once the asphalt is depressed, the concrete is easy to be broken, and the expansion joint device is further damaged, so that the smoothness and the comfort when a vehicle passes through the expansion joint of the bridge are reduced, and the driving safety is even influenced. In summary, the existing bridge expansion joint device needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bridge expansion joint device which can adjust the height of the expansion assembly and realize quick installation and replacement in view of the above current state of the prior art.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for installing a bridge expansion joint device, which is convenient to construct and can be installed quickly, in view of the current state of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: this bridge expansion joint device, including the first roof beam body, the second roof beam body and the subassembly that stretches out and draws back, its characterized in that: the beam end part of the first beam body and the beam end part of the second beam body are provided with installation notches for installing telescopic assemblies, pre-buried fixing pieces are pre-embedded at the bottoms of the installation notches, height-adjusting assemblies fixed with the pre-buried fixing pieces are installed in the installation notches, and the telescopic assemblies are fixed on the height-adjusting assemblies.
The telescopic assembly can have a plurality of mounting structures, preferably, the telescopic assembly comprises a first telescopic plate, a second telescopic plate, a first support rib plate and a second support rib plate, the first support rib plate is fixed at the outer side of the bottom of the first telescopic plate, the second support rib plate is fixed at the outer side of the bottom of the second telescopic plate, and the first support rib plate and the second support rib plate are fixed on the height-adjusting assembly corresponding to the mounting groove opening.
The heightening assembly can have various structures, preferably, the heightening assembly comprises heightening plates and penetrating ribs, the heightening plates are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the mounting groove opening, corresponding penetrating rib holes are formed in the heightening plates, and the penetrating ribs penetrate through the penetrating rib holes and are fixed with the heightening plates.
In order to avoid the direct impact of the telescopic device by a vehicle, an anti-collision baffle is welded at the outer side part of the heightening plate and is flush with the bridge pavement. The on-site direct welding of the anti-collision baffle can simplify construction and realize quick installation, and the anti-collision baffle can be made of steel plates and can be correspondingly adjusted in height according to actual installation size requirements.
Preferably, the height-adjusting plate is L-shaped, a horizontal supporting step is formed on the inner side of the middle of the height-adjusting plate, the bottom of the height-adjusting plate is welded and fixed with the embedded fixing piece, and the first supporting rib plate and the second supporting rib plate are supported on the corresponding horizontal supporting step and are welded and fixed with the height-adjusting plate. Besides the L-shaped elevation plate, the elevation plate can also be in other different forms such as T-shaped elevation plate.
In order to reduce noise generated when a vehicle passes through the expansion joint device, noise reduction assemblies are arranged below the first expansion plate and the second expansion plate, supporting bars and baffles are welded on the lower portion and the upper portion of the inner side of the first supporting rib plate and the lower portion and the upper portion of the inner side of the second supporting rib plate respectively, the noise reduction assemblies are supported on the supporting bars, and baffle covers are arranged on the noise reduction assemblies.
The waterstop can have multiple mounting structure, preferably the waterstop is installed to the below of the subassembly of making an uproar that falls, it has the waterstop support to transfer the subassembly to extend inwards, the both ends of waterstop are installed on the waterstop support.
The embedded fixing piece in the beam body can have various structures, preferably, the embedded fixing piece is an embedded steel plate, and the embedded steel plate is fixed with the corresponding beam body through the shear nails. The structural dimension of the embedded steel plate can be specially designed according to the design load requirement of bridge vehicles.
In order to improve the anchoring strength between the embedded steel plate and the beam body, at least two rows of shear nails are arranged.
Preferably, filling pieces are poured into the installation notches, and the height of each filling piece is slightly lower than that of the bridge pavement and the telescopic device. The filler element may be concrete, asphalt or other material.
Further preferably, a bridge deck pavement layer is laid on the outer side of the anti-collision baffle and is flush with the anti-collision baffle. The bridge pavement layer can be made of various paving materials, such as asphalt, concrete, epoxy resin and the like.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the present invention adopts a technical solution in which the method for installing the bridge expansion joint device comprises the steps of:
s1, digging and cleaning the mounting notch, and measuring the depth of the mounting notch;
s2, correspondingly processing the height adjusting assembly according to the notch depth measured in the step S1, and welding the adjusted height adjusting assembly on the embedded steel plate;
s3, installing a water stop and a template for pouring;
s4, adjusting the positions of the telescopic assemblies in the longitudinal bridge direction and the transverse bridge direction and the flatness of the telescopic assemblies and the bridge pavement, and welding and fixing the telescopic assemblies on the height-adjusting assemblies;
s5, welding and fixing an anti-collision baffle outside the heightening assembly, and enabling the upper surface of the anti-collision baffle to be flush with the bridge pavement;
and S6, cleaning the welding seams and the notches, and pouring filling pieces into the notches.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: this bridge expansion joint device can be through the mounting height of increaseing subassembly adjustment telescoping device, when the installation, the mounting height of telescoping device can be according to installation notch degree of depth actual size, adjust in the scene through increaseing the subassembly immediately, in order to realize the roughness requirement on telescoping device and bridge road surface, and, adopt no concrete type bridge expansion joint device can cancel the concrete changeover portion structure, save the concrete changeover portion construction in the telescoping device installation and the required time of health preserving, thereby realize quick installation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a height-adjusting plate according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a structural sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another height-adjusting plate used in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of an installation structure of a conventional bridge expansion joint device;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an alternative conventional mounting structure for a bridge expansion joint assembly;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 4, the present embodiment adopts a concrete-free bridge expansion joint device, which includes a first beam 1, a second beam 2, a telescopic component 4, a height-adjusting component 5, an anti-collision baffle 6, a noise-reducing component 7, and other main components. The beam end of the first beam body 1 and the beam end of the second beam body 2 are both provided with an installation notch 3, the bottom of the installation notch 3 is pre-embedded with an embedded steel plate 12, and the embedded steel plate 12 is fixed with the corresponding beam body through a shear nail 13. The embedded steel plates 12 are arranged according to the width of the bridge floor, so that the on-site installation and positioning of the telescopic device are facilitated, the welding strength is guaranteed, and the installation and construction time is shortened. The structural dimension of the embedded steel plate 12 can be specially designed according to the design load requirement of the bridge vehicle, and if the embedded steel plate 12 is used for passing heavy-duty vehicles, the embedded steel plate 12 with higher bearing capacity and thickened and the reinforced connecting shear nails 13 are designed. In this embodiment, each beam body is provided with two rows of shear nails 13, and the arrangement interval of the shear nails 13 in the length direction of the mounting notches 3 is set in combination with the arrangement interval of the beam body reinforcing steel bars and is not greater than 150mm, so as to improve the anchoring strength between the embedded steel plate 12 and the beam body. In addition, besides the embedded steel plate 12, other embedded fixing pieces such as embedded steel bars can be adopted, and only the anchoring strength of the embedded steel bars is relatively poor.
Each mounting slot 3 is fitted with an elevation assembly 5. The heightening assembly 5 comprises heightening plates 51 and penetrating ribs 52, the heightening plates 51 are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the mounting notch 3, corresponding penetrating rib holes 511 are formed in the heightening plates 51, and the penetrating ribs 52 penetrate through the penetrating rib holes 511 and are fixed with the heightening plates 51. The bottom of the heightening plate 51 is welded and fixed with the embedded steel plate 12
The telescopic assembly 4 of the present embodiment includes a first telescopic plate 41, a second telescopic plate 42, a first support rib 43 and a second support rib 44, wherein the first support rib 43 is fixed on the outer side of the bottom of the first telescopic plate 41, and the second support rib 44 is fixed on the outer side of the bottom of the second telescopic plate 42.
The support rib plate and the expansion plate are preferably integrally rolled and formed, so that the integral strength and rigidity of the product can be improved, and the potential safety hazard caused by errors and defects generated by processing and manufacturing and corrosion of a welding part in the later use process when the two parts are connected is avoided. In addition, the support rib plate and the expansion plate can also be fixed by welding.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the height-adjusting plate 51 is L-shaped and has a horizontal support step 512 formed at the inner side of the middle portion, and the first support rib 43 and the second support rib 44 are supported on the horizontal support step 512 of the corresponding height-adjusting assembly 5 and are welded and fixed with the height-adjusting plate 51, so that the telescopic assembly 4 is fixed on the height-adjusting assembly 5.
As shown in fig. 7, the height-adjusting plate 51 is T-shaped, and the height-adjusting plate 51 has a rib-passing hole 511. The form of the rising plate 51 is not limited to the L-shape and the T-shape, and other different forms may be adopted.
By the installation structure, the telescopic assembly 4 of the embodiment is directly welded and fixed on the embedded steel plate 12 through the heightening assembly 5, so that intermediate connection links are reduced, and time consumption is reduced. Moreover, the heightening component 5 can be manufactured, adjusted and positioned in time on the construction site according to the actual depth requirement of the installation notch 3, and the arrangement distance can be adjusted at will. The full-automatic manipulator can be used for operation, automatic and intelligent welding is realized, the on-site welding precision is improved, the construction quality of the telescopic device is improved, the installation time of the telescopic device is shortened, and the impact resistance and the durability of the product are ensured.
The anticollision baffle 6 is arranged on the outer side of the heightening component 5. In this embodiment, the impact damper 6 is welded and fixed to the outer side portion of the height adjustment plate 51, and the impact damper 6 is flush with the bridge pavement 17, the first expansion plate 41, and the second expansion plate 42. The anti-collision baffle 6 is directly welded on site, so that the time required by construction and maintenance of a concrete transition section is shortened, the time for field installation or later maintenance and replacement of the telescopic device is shortened, the construction can be simplified, and quick installation is realized. After setting up anticollision baffle 6, can avoid flexible subassembly 4 to receive external force to destroy on the one hand, on the other hand makes the mounting structure of heightening subassembly 5 more firm, and then can promote telescoping device's structural firmness. In addition, the crash barrier 6 can also be directly welded and fixed on the embedded steel plate 12.
A water stop 10 is mounted below the noise reduction assembly 7. In this embodiment, heightening subassembly 5 inwards extends has waterstop support 11, and the both ends of waterstop 10 are installed on waterstop support 11, and the top of waterstop 10 is passed through gasket 16 and is offset with noise reduction subassembly 7 bottom.
In order to further reinforce the telescopic assembly, a filling member 15 needs to be poured in the mounting notch 3, and the filling member 15 can be concrete, asphalt, ECO modified polyurethane concrete and other novel paving materials. Before the filler 15 is poured, a pouring form 14 is installed on the inner side of the beam.
In addition, the length of the telescopic assembly 4 of the telescopic device of the embodiment is manufactured and installed in a segmented mode according to the width of a lane or any other width, and segmented maintenance or replacement in the later period is facilitated.
The installation method of the concrete-free bridge expansion joint device comprises the following steps:
s1, digging and cleaning the mounting notch 3, and measuring the depth of the mounting notch 3;
s2, correspondingly processing the height adjusting assembly 5 according to the notch depth measured in the step S1, and welding the adjusted height adjusting assembly on the embedded steel plate 12;
s3, installing the water stop 10 and a pouring template 14;
s4, adjusting the positions of the telescopic assemblies 4 in the longitudinal bridge direction and the transverse bridge direction and the flatness of the telescopic assemblies 4 and the bridge pavement 17, and welding and fixing the telescopic assemblies 4 on the height-adjusting assemblies 5;
s5, welding and fixing the anti-collision baffle 6 on the outer side of the heightening assembly 5, and enabling the upper surface of the anti-collision baffle 6 to be flush with the bridge pavement 17;
and S6, cleaning the welding seams and the notches, and pouring filling pieces 15 into the notches.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 5, compared with the first embodiment, in the expansion joint device of the present embodiment, the triangular rib plate 18 is welded between the first expansion plate 41 and the first support rib plate 43, and the triangular rib plate 18 is also welded between the second expansion plate 42 and the first support rib plate 44, so as to improve the overall structural strength of the expansion assembly 4. The rest of the structure of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and will not be described herein.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 6, compared with the embodiment, the expansion joint device of the present embodiment eliminates the anti-collision baffle, and the transition section 19 is poured outside the expansion assembly 4, and usually adopts a concrete transition section, that is, the expansion joint device adopts a concrete type structure. The rest of the structure of the present embodiment is the same as the embodiment, and will not be described herein.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a bridge expansion joint device, includes first roof beam body (1), second roof beam body (2) and telescopic component (4), its characterized in that: the beam end of the first beam body (1) and the beam end of the second beam body (2) are provided with mounting notches (3) for mounting telescopic assemblies, embedded fixing pieces are embedded at the bottoms of the mounting notches (3), the mounting notches (3) are internally provided with heightening assemblies (5) fixed with the embedded fixing pieces, and the telescopic assemblies (4) are fixed on the heightening assemblies (5).
2. The bridge expansion joint installation of claim 1, wherein: the telescopic assembly (4) comprises a first telescopic plate (41), a second telescopic plate (42), a first supporting rib plate (43) and a second supporting rib plate (44), the first supporting rib plate (43) is fixed on the outer side of the bottom of the first telescopic plate (41), the second supporting rib plate (44) is fixed on the outer side of the bottom of the second telescopic plate (42), and the first supporting rib plate (43) and the second supporting rib plate (44) are fixed on the height-adjusting assembly (5) corresponding to the mounting notch (3).
3. The bridge expansion joint installation of claim 2, wherein: heightening subassembly (5) including heightening board (51) and wear muscle (52), heightening board (51) along the length direction interval distribution of installation notch (3), heightening board (51) is gone up to open has corresponding muscle hole (511) of wearing, wear muscle (52) pass wear muscle hole (511) and fixed mutually with heightening board (51).
4. The bridge expansion joint installation of claim 3, wherein: and an anti-collision baffle (6) is welded at the outer side part of the heightening plate (51), and the anti-collision baffle (6) is flush with the bridge pavement (17).
5. The bridge expansion joint installation of claim 3, wherein: the height adjusting plate (51) is L-shaped, a horizontal supporting step (512) is formed on the inner side of the middle of the height adjusting plate, the bottom of the height adjusting plate (51) is welded and fixed with the embedded fixing piece, and the first supporting rib plate (43) and the second supporting rib plate (44) are supported on the corresponding horizontal supporting step (512) and are welded and fixed with the height adjusting plate (51).
6. The bridge expansion joint installation of claim 2, wherein: the below of first expansion plate (41) and second expansion plate (42) is equipped with noise reduction assembly (7), support bar (8) and baffle (9) have been welded respectively to the lower part and the upper portion of first support floor (43) inboard and the lower part and the upper portion of second support floor (44) inboard, noise reduction assembly (7) support on support bar (8), establish baffle (9) lid noise reduction assembly (7) are last.
7. The bridge expansion joint installation of claim 6, wherein: the noise reduction assembly is characterized in that a water stop (10) is installed below the noise reduction assembly (7), a water stop support (11) is arranged on the heightening assembly (5) in an inward extending mode, and two ends of the water stop (10) are installed on the water stop support (11).
8. A bridge expansion joint installation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the embedded fixing piece is an embedded steel plate (12), and the embedded steel plate (12) is fixed with the corresponding beam body through shear nails (13).
9. A method of installing a bridge expansion joint assembly according to claim 8, including the steps of:
s1, digging and cleaning the mounting notch (3), and measuring the depth of the mounting notch (3);
s2, correspondingly processing the height adjusting assembly (5) according to the notch depth measured in the step S1, and welding the adjusted height adjusting assembly (5) on the embedded steel plate (12);
s3, installing a water stop (10) and a template (14) for pouring;
s4, adjusting the positions of the telescopic assemblies (4) in the longitudinal bridge direction and the transverse bridge direction and the flatness of the telescopic assemblies and the bridge pavement (17), and welding and fixing the telescopic assemblies (4) on the height adjusting assemblies (5);
s5, welding and fixing the anti-collision baffle (6) on the outer side of the heightening assembly (5), and enabling the upper surface of the anti-collision baffle (6) to be flush with the bridge pavement (17);
s6, cleaning the welding seams and the notches, and pouring filling pieces (15) into the notches.
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