CN115055911B - Heat-resistant extremely-low-loss oriented silicon steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant extremely-low-loss oriented silicon steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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Abstract
According to the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel provided by the invention, a single side of the oriented silicon steel is notched by laser to form parallel linear grooves; the laser scoring is implemented after the nitriding step and before the MgO coating step in the oriented silicon steel preparation process; after nitriding and before MgO coating, laser scoring processing is carried out, so that a magnesium silicate bottom layer formed after high-temperature annealing is not damaged, the bottom layer is good in integrity, grooves formed by scoring are positioned on the surface of a metal substrate of the oriented silicon steel strip, the magnesium silicate bottom layer is generated by direct reaction in the grooves in the high-temperature annealing process, and finally the surface of the oriented silicon steel strip is smooth, flat and free of concave-convex after being coated with a tensile stress coating, the oriented silicon steel strip is low in loss, high in lamination coefficient and heat-resistant, and the finished oriented silicon steel strip can be used for preparing a three-dimensional coiled iron core transformer and a laminated iron core transformer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of silicon steel materials, in particular to heat-resistant extremely-low-loss oriented silicon steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The power industry is taken as the most important basic energy industry in national economic development, is brought into the important energy saving and emission reduction field by the country, the energy saving and emission reduction demands are increasingly increased, and how to reduce the loss of electric energy in the conveying process and improve the energy utilization efficiency becomes an important target for the construction and development of the intelligent power grid. The distribution transformer is used as a power grid core device, and the energy efficiency level of the distribution transformer is directly related to the energy consumption and environmental protection level of the whole power grid. Distribution transformers can be divided into laminated core transformers and three-dimensional coiled core transformers, the latter have structural advantages and performance advantages, and the three-dimensional coiled core transformers are green energy-saving equipment beneficial to environmental protection. However, the annealing treatment at about 750-800 ℃ is needed in the process of processing the three-dimensional wound core to eliminate the stress generated in the process, at this time, the conventional laser notch oriented silicon steel is difficult to meet the requirement, the notch effect is lost when the conventional laser notch is higher than 500 ℃, the loss of the strip is increased, and the loss of the whole transformer is increased sharply, so that the oriented silicon steel of the material for preparing the three-dimensional wound core is required to have heat resistance.
The preparation process of the oriented silicon steel is extremely complex, and the finished product strip has excellent magnetic performance along the Rolling Direction (RD) through a plurality of procedures such as hot rolling, normalizing, cold rolling, decarburization, nitriding, mgO coating, high-temperature annealing, insulating tensile stress coating, scoring and the like. Typically, the scoring process (including mechanical scoring and laser scoring) is performed after high temperature annealing or after the application of an insulating tensile stress coating. The current method for reducing the loss of oriented silicon steel mainly comprises the steps of improving the orientation degree of Goss texture, scoring the strip, improving the tensile stress insulating coating and the like. With the continuous improvement of the technology, the Goss orientation deviation of the oriented silicon steel is controlled within the range of 5 degrees, and the effect of reducing the loss is difficult to achieve by improving the Goss texture orientation degree, so that more attention is paid to the improvement of the scoring technology and the improvement of the tensile stress insulating coating. The scoring serves to refine the domains and reduce the loss of the strip.
The heat-resistant oriented silicon steel can be divided into heat-resistant oriented silicon steel and non-heat-resistant oriented silicon steel according to whether the oriented silicon steel can bear the heat preservation of 800 ℃ for 2 hours, and the technical method of the heat-resistant oriented silicon steel mainly comprises a toothed roller forming groove method, a cold-rolled plate forming groove method, a high-power laser irradiation method and the like.
A method reported in the document Heatproof domain refining method using combination of local strain and heat treatment for grain oriented 3%Si-Fe adopts a mechanical scoring method, wherein a toothed roller is mainly used for carrying out indentation deformation on the surface of a steel plate after an insulating coating is coated, and fine non-Goss grain structures are formed by recrystallization after annealing, so that the effect of refining magnetic domains is achieved, and the performance of a strip material is not obviously changed when the strip material is kept for 2 hours at 800 ℃. The method causes serious damage to the insulating coating and the magnesium silicate bottom layer on the surface of the strip, reduces the surface flatness and the subsequent corrosion resistance, has high requirements on the toothed roller, has the tooth form reaching the micron level, and has the abrasion after continuous processing, frequent maintenance and high cost.
The Chinese patent document CN108660303A is specially named as 'a stress relief annealing resistant laser notched oriented silicon steel and a manufacturing method thereof', wherein a laser notched mode is adopted to form parallel linear notches on one side or two sides of an oriented silicon steel strip. The laser scoring is performed on the cold-rolled plate before decarburization annealing, at the moment, the scoring has influence on the structure and decarburization speed after the decarburization annealing, the decarburization speed of the scored part is high due to strip thinning and decarburization, the decarburization speed of the non-scored part is low, the structure is uneven, and finally the fluctuation of the strip performance is easy to cause. In addition, when in scoring, metal oxide powder with a certain thickness needs to be coated on the surface of the oriented silicon steel to be used as a protective film, so that the process flow is greatly increased, and the production cost is obviously increased.
In addition, methods such as a chemical etching method and a filling method have been proposed in the related patent documents. The chemical etching method adopts acid solution to etch, and serious corrosion damages the bottom layer of magnesium silicate, and meanwhile, the problems of difficult guarantee of the groove depth, long etching time, waste liquid treatment and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the heat-resistant extremely-low-loss oriented silicon steel and the preparation method thereof, which not only ensure the heat resistance of the oriented silicon steel, but also ensure that the magnesium silicate bottom layer is not damaged, and have good surface flatness and simple processing process flow.
For this purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel, wherein a single side of the oriented silicon steel is notched by laser to form parallel linear grooves;
the laser scoring is performed after the nitriding step and before the MgO coating step in the oriented silicon steel preparation process.
Optionally, the depth of the groove is 25 μm-55 μm, and the width is 20 μm-65 μm.
Optionally, the direction of the groove forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the transverse direction of the oriented silicon steel.
Optionally, the distance between two adjacent grooves is 4.5mm-6 mm.
Optionally, the difference D between the depth of the oriented silicon steel and the depth of the groove is more than or equal to 0.155mm and less than or equal to 0.245mm.
According to the preparation method of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel, after the nitriding step in the preparation process of the oriented silicon steel and before the MgO coating step, laser scoring is carried out on one side of the oriented silicon steel, and parallel linear grooves are formed on one side of the oriented silicon steel.
Optionally, the depth of the groove is 25 μm-55 μm, and the width is 20 μm-65 μm.
Optionally, the direction of the groove forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the transverse direction of the oriented silicon steel.
Optionally, the distance between two adjacent grooves is 4.5mm-6 mm.
Optionally, the difference D between the depth of the oriented silicon steel and the depth of the groove is more than or equal to 0.155mm and less than or equal to 0.245mm.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel provided by the invention, a single side of the oriented silicon steel is notched by laser to form parallel linear grooves; the laser scoring is implemented after the nitriding step and before the MgO coating step in the oriented silicon steel preparation process; after nitriding and before MgO coating, laser scoring processing is carried out, so that a magnesium silicate bottom layer formed after high-temperature annealing is not damaged, the bottom layer is good in integrity, grooves formed by scoring are positioned on the surface of a metal substrate of the oriented silicon steel strip, the magnesium silicate bottom layer is generated by direct reaction in the grooves in the high-temperature annealing process, and finally the surface of the oriented silicon steel strip is smooth, flat and free of concave-convex after being coated with a tensile stress coating, the oriented silicon steel strip is low in loss, high in lamination coefficient and heat-resistant, and the finished oriented silicon steel strip can be used for preparing a three-dimensional coiled iron core transformer and a laminated iron core transformer.
2. The depth of the groove is more than or equal to 25 mu m and less than or equal to 55 mu m, and the width of the groove is more than or equal to 20 mu m and less than or equal to 65 mu m; the depth of the groove is controlled within the range of 25-55 mu m, so that the defect that when the depth of the groove is lower than 25 mu m, the effect of thinning magnetic domains by the nicks is not obvious, the effect of reducing the loss of the strip cannot be achieved, when the depth of the groove is higher than 55 mu m, the secondary recrystallization in the high-temperature annealing process is incomplete, the magnetic performance of the strip is seriously deteriorated (the magnetic induction is low and the loss is high), and the strip is easy to break in the subsequent processing process is avoided.
3. According to the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel provided by the invention, the distance between two adjacent grooves is 4.5mm-6 mm; the distance L between the grooves is controlled within the range of 4.5mm-6mm, so that when the distance L is less than 4.5mm, the grooves are too dense, the influence on the quality of a magnesium silicate bottom layer is large, the loss reduction is not obvious, when the distance L is more than 6mm, the effect of refining magnetic domains is difficult to achieve, and the loss reduction of a strip material is not obvious
4. The invention provides a preparation method of heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel, which comprises the steps of carrying out laser scoring on one side of the oriented silicon steel after a nitriding step and before a MgO coating step in the preparation process of the oriented silicon steel, and forming parallel linear grooves on one side of the oriented silicon steel; the preparation method is simple, and the prepared oriented silicon steel has excellent magnetic property, high heat resistance, high lamination coefficient and low strip loss, and is suitable for producing and producing the heat-resistant oriented silicon steel strip with any thickness.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the grooves of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel of examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a heat resistant low loss oriented silicon steel of examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a physical diagram of the final product of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a physical diagram of the final product of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a physical diagram of the final product of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel in example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a physical diagram of a final product of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel in example 4 of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the steel strip comprises a 1-oriented silicon steel strip, a 2-groove, a 3-magnesium silicate bottom layer, a 4-insulating tensile stress coating, a 5-metal substrate, a TD-transverse direction, a RD-rolling direction, an ND-thickness direction, an L-interval, a b-depth and a d-width.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described herein, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, any product which is the same or similar to the present invention, whether in light of the present teachings or in combination with other prior art features, falls within the scope of the present invention.
The specific experimental procedures or conditions are not noted in the examples and may be followed by the operations or conditions of conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional reagent products commercially available without the manufacturer's knowledge.
The steps of hot rolling, normalizing, cold rolling, decarburizing, nitriding, mgO coating, high-temperature annealing and tensile stress coating in the preparation process of the oriented silicon steel in the following embodiments are all conventional production process flow steps of the oriented silicon steel, and specific experimental steps or conditions can be performed according to the operation or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field.
The laser instrument used in the laser scoring step in the following embodiment is Nd-YAG solid laser, the rated power is 220V, the rated power is more than or equal to 50W, the laser frequency range is 20-100kHz, the scoring speed is 200-1000mm/s, and the laser is controlled by an automatic control system during scoring.
The magnetic properties in the following examples were measured using the method for measuring magnetic properties of electrical sheet (tape) with epstein square ring, GB/T3655-2008.
The lamination factor measurements in the examples below were carried out using the methods for measuring density, resistivity and lamination factor of electrical sheet (tape) of GB/19289-2019.
Example 1
The preparation method of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
1) The oriented silicon steel strip is hot rolled and normalized, then cold rolled to a thickness of 0.18mm, and then decarburized annealing, nitriding treatment, laser scoring, mgO coating, high-temperature annealing and tensile stress insulating coating are sequentially carried out, and the process flow is shown in figure 1.
2) Wherein the laser scoring parameters are: and scoring one surface of the strip after nitriding treatment and before MgO coating to form uniformly arranged parallel linear grooves, wherein the depth b of each groove is 25 mu m, the width d of each groove is 20 mu m, the distance L between every two adjacent grooves is 4.5mm, and the included angle between the direction of each groove and the transverse TD direction of the oriented silicon steel strip is 10 degrees, as shown in figure 2.
3) After magnetic property measurement, the loss of the oriented silicon steel strip is 0.70W/kg, the magnetic induction is 1.91T, the lamination coefficient is 0.971, the performance is not obviously changed after being annealed for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 900 ℃ (in the embodiment, 900 ℃) is selected, as shown in figure 3, laser scoring processing is carried out after nitriding processing and before MgO coating is applied, a magnesium silicate bottom layer 3 formed after high-temperature annealing is not damaged, the bottom layer has good integrity, grooves formed by scoring are positioned on the surface of a strip metal substrate 5, magnesium silicate bottom layers are directly generated in the grooves in the high-temperature annealing process, and finally the surface of the strip is smooth, flat and free of concave-convex after being coated with an insulating tensile stress coating 4, as shown in figure 4.
Example 2
The preparation method of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
1) The oriented silicon steel strip is hot rolled and normalized, then cold rolled to 0.23mm, and then decarburized annealing, nitriding treatment, laser scoring, mgO coating, high-temperature annealing and tensile stress insulating coating are sequentially carried out, and the process flow is shown in figure 1.
2) Wherein the laser scoring parameters are: and scoring one surface of the strip after nitriding treatment and before MgO coating to form uniformly arranged parallel linear grooves, wherein the depth b of each groove is 35 mu m, the width d of each groove is 40 mu m, the distance L between every two adjacent grooves is 6mm, and the included angle between the direction of each groove and the transverse TD direction of the oriented silicon steel strip is 20 degrees, as shown in figure 2.
3) After magnetic property measurement, the loss of the strip is 0.777W/kg, the magnetic induction is 1.92T, the lamination coefficient is 0.976, the performance is not obviously changed after being annealed for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 900 ℃ (in the embodiment, 900 ℃) is selected, as shown in figure 3, laser scoring processing is carried out after nitriding treatment and before MgO coating is applied, a magnesium silicate bottom layer 3 formed after high-temperature annealing is not damaged, the bottom layer integrity is good, grooves formed by scoring are positioned on the surface of a metal substrate 5 of the strip, magnesium silicate bottom layer is generated by direct reaction in the grooves in the high-temperature annealing process, and finally the surface of the strip is smooth, flat and free of concave-convex after being coated with an insulating tensile stress coating 4 as shown in figure 5.
Example 3
The preparation method of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
1) The oriented silicon steel strip is hot rolled and normalized, then cold rolled to 0.27mm, and then decarburized annealing, nitriding treatment, laser scoring, mgO coating, high-temperature annealing and tensile stress insulating coating are sequentially carried out, and the process flow is shown in figure 1.
2) Wherein the laser scoring parameters are: and scoring one surface of the strip after nitriding treatment and before MgO coating to form uniformly arranged parallel linear grooves, wherein the depth b of each groove is 40 mu m, the width d of each groove is 50 mu m, the distance L between two adjacent grooves is 5mm, and the included angle between the direction of each groove and the transverse TD direction of the oriented silicon steel strip is 15 degrees.
3) The magnetic property measurement shows that the loss of the strip is 0.851W/kg, the magnetic induction is 1.917T, the lamination coefficient is 0.979, and the performance is not obviously changed after the annealing for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 900 ℃ (900 ℃ is selected in the embodiment). As shown in fig. 3, laser scoring processing is performed after nitriding treatment and before applying MgO coating, the magnesium silicate bottom layer 3 formed after high-temperature annealing is not damaged, the bottom layer integrity is good, grooves formed by scoring are positioned on the surface of the strip metal substrate 5, the grooves directly react in the high-temperature annealing process to generate the magnesium silicate bottom layer, and finally the surface of the strip is smooth, flat and free of concave-convex after being coated with the insulating tensile stress coating 4, as shown in fig. 6.
Example 4
The preparation method of the heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel comprises the following steps:
1) The oriented silicon steel strip is hot rolled and normalized, then cold rolled to 0.30mm, and then decarburized annealing, nitriding treatment, laser scoring, mgO coating, high-temperature annealing and tensile stress insulating coating are sequentially carried out, and the process flow is shown in figure 1.
2) Wherein the laser scoring parameters are: and scoring one surface of the strip after nitriding treatment and before MgO coating to form uniformly arranged parallel linear grooves, wherein the depth b of each groove is 55 mu m, the width d of each groove is 65 mu m, the distance L between every two adjacent grooves is 5mm, and the included angle between the direction of each groove and the transverse TD direction of the oriented silicon steel strip is 17 degrees, as shown in figure 2.
3) After magnetic property measurement, the loss of the strip is 0.927W/kg, the magnetic induction is 1.932T, the lamination coefficient is 0.982, the performance is not obviously changed after being annealed for 2 hours at the temperature of more than or equal to 900 ℃ (900 ℃ in the embodiment), as shown in figure 3, laser scoring processing is carried out after nitriding treatment and before MgO coating is applied, the magnesium silicate bottom layer 3 formed after high-temperature annealing is not damaged, the bottom layer integrity is good, grooves formed by scoring are positioned on the surface of the metal substrate 5 of the strip, magnesium silicate bottom layer is generated by direct reaction in the grooves in the high-temperature annealing process, and finally the surface of the strip is smooth, flat and free of concave-convex after being coated with the insulating tensile stress coating 4 as shown in figure 7.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel is characterized in that a single side of the oriented silicon steel is scored by laser to form parallel linear grooves;
the laser scoring is performed after the nitriding step and before the MgO coating step in the oriented silicon steel preparation process.
2. The heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the groove is 25 μm or less b.ltoreq.55 μm and the width is 20 μm or less d.ltoreq.65 μm.
3. The heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the direction of the groove forms an angle of 10-20 ° with the transverse direction of the oriented silicon steel.
4. The heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distance between two adjacent grooves is 4.5 mm.ltoreq.l.ltoreq.6 mm.
5. The heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the difference D between the thickness of the oriented silicon steel and the depth of the groove is 0.155 mm-0.245 mm.
6. A method for producing a heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that laser scoring is performed on one side of the oriented silicon steel after the nitriding step and before the MgO coating step in the oriented silicon steel production process to form parallel linear grooves on one side of the oriented silicon steel.
7. The method for producing a heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 6, wherein the depth of the groove is 25 μm or less and b.ltoreq.55 μm and the width is 20 μm or less and d.ltoreq.65 μm.
8. The method for producing a heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the direction of the groove forms an angle of 10-20 ° with the transverse direction of the oriented silicon steel.
9. The method for producing a heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the distance between two adjacent grooves is 4.5 mm.ltoreq.l.ltoreq.6 mm.
10. The method for preparing heat-resistant low-loss oriented silicon steel according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the difference D between the thickness of the oriented silicon steel and the depth of the groove is 0.155mm or less and 0.245mm or less.
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