CN115050990A - Novel cold starting device for vehicle fuel cell and control method thereof - Google Patents
Novel cold starting device for vehicle fuel cell and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115050990A CN115050990A CN202210740938.1A CN202210740938A CN115050990A CN 115050990 A CN115050990 A CN 115050990A CN 202210740938 A CN202210740938 A CN 202210740938A CN 115050990 A CN115050990 A CN 115050990A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel cold starting device of a vehicle fuel cell and a control method thereof, and the device comprises a cell stack, wherein a cathode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of a cathode of the cell stack, a cathode gas heater is arranged on the cathode gas supply system, the cathode gas heater is electrically connected with a power supply, the power supply is electrically connected with a controller, an anode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of an anode of the cell stack, an electric heating film is arranged in the cell stack, a temperature and humidity sensing assembly is arranged on the electric heating film, the temperature and humidity sensing assembly is electrically connected with the controller, and the electric heating film is electrically connected with the power supply; when the cell stack is operated and the cell stack is stopped, the anode gas supply system is used for blowing first dry gas into the cell stack; the cathode gas supply system is used for blowing a second dry gas into the cell stack. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high integration level, convenient operation and strong practicability and operability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cold starting of fuel cells, in particular to a novel cold starting device of a vehicle fuel cell and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell converts part of Gibbs free energy in chemical energy in fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and has high thermal efficiency because it is not limited by Carlo cycle effect. Meanwhile, due to the influence of the problems of environmental pollution, energy shortage and the like caused by the current traditional automobile, a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has been produced, and as a novel power device, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a wide application prospect in various fields such as electric automobiles, stationary power stations, mobile power supplies and the like due to the advantages of zero pollution, high power density, fast load response, high energy conversion efficiency and the like, but the commercialization of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell still has a plurality of obstacles, and besides high cost and poor durability, the cold start difficulty also becomes one of main obstacles restricting the commercial application of the PEMFC.
The reaction mechanism of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is that hydrogen and air respectively enter a gas diffusion layer through the conduction of a bipolar plate cathode and anode flow field, then enter a catalyst layer through the diffusion layer, the hydrogen is absorbed by anode catalyst particles and then is decomposed into protons and electrons, and the protons penetrate through the proton exchange membrane in the form of hydrated protons to reach a cathode catalyst layer. The electrons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane and can only reach the cathode from an external circuit electronic load. At the cathode catalyst layer, oxygen atoms, protons, and electrons chemically react with the catalyst to generate water.
The starting of the fuel cell at the temperature below the freezing point is called cold starting, before the cold starting, because the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the freezing point, water generated by reaction and residual water can be rapidly frozen to fill pores of the catalyst layer or the diffusion layer, so that the electrochemical reaction of the cell stack is reduced or even stopped, the low-temperature starting performance of the cell stack is influenced, meanwhile, the temperature of the cell stack is increased in the starting process, ice can be melted into water, and the phase change reaction of water and ice can cause serious damage to the membrane electrode assembly, particularly the catalyst layer. In addition, repeated freezing-thawing processes can cause the accumulation of harmful effects, which seriously affect the normal work and the service life of the battery.
The traditional cold start starting mode mostly adopts auxiliary starting, such as: utilize direct current heating resistor to heat the battery through the resistance, the coolant liquid of heating relates to the heating pipeline, utilize hot air to sweep, make fuel react heating etc. at the catalysis layer, then there are the energy consumption height in this kind of cold start mode of preheating earlier back charge, charge time is long, with high costs, the structure is complicated etc. shortcoming, and influence power battery's life, serious or even can cause the incident, a battery self-heating technique has been proposed at present, place the heating source inside the battery pile, directly heat the battery pile, the technique has the cold start problem under the extremely cold environment of solution battery pile that the intensification is fast, the power consumption is low, the even advantage of heating, the solution battery pile that can be fine, but high temperature reactant reacts in the battery pile has very big potential safety hazard.
Meanwhile, the cold start mode of the current fuel cell is mostly a single heating mode, so that a composite fuel cell cold start heating device which has the advantages of simple structure, safety, reliability, high energy utilization rate, rapid temperature rise and capability of avoiding the occurrence of the repeated phase change condition of water and ice needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel cold start device of a vehicle fuel cell and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problems and achieving the purposes of realizing the quick cold start of the fuel cell, reducing the loss of a cell stack, prolonging the service life of the cell stack, increasing the fault tolerance of the cold start of a system and enhancing the reliability and the stability of the fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a cold starting device of a vehicle fuel cell, which comprises a cell stack, wherein a cathode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of a cathode of the cell stack, a cathode gas heater is arranged on the cathode gas supply system, the cathode gas heater is electrically connected with a power supply, the power supply is electrically connected with a controller, an anode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of an anode of the cell stack, an electric heating film is arranged in the cell stack, a temperature and humidity sensing assembly is arranged on the electric heating film, the temperature and humidity sensing assembly is electrically connected with the controller, and the electric heating film is electrically connected with the power supply;
when the cell stack is operated, the anode gas supply system is used for supplying anode gas into the cell stack, and the cathode gas supply system is used for supplying cathode gas into the cell stack;
when the cell stack is stopped, the anode gas supply system is used for blowing a first dry gas into the cell stack; the cathode gas supply system is used for blowing a second dry gas into the cell stack.
Preferably, the electric heating film is a graphene heating film, an insulating waterproof outer film is coated on the outer side of the electric heating film, the thickness of the electric heating film is 20-30 micrometers, a plurality of vent holes are formed in the surface of the electric heating film, and the diameter of each vent hole is 20 mm.
Preferably, the anode gas is hydrogen, and the cathode gas is air;
the first dry gas is nitrogen, and the second dry gas is air.
Preferably, the cell stack comprises an anode gas diffusion layer, and an anode catalyst layer, a proton exchange membrane and a cathode catalyst layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer are sequentially arranged on one side of the anode gas diffusion layer;
the electric heating film is positioned between the cathode catalyst layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer and is arranged in parallel, and the electric heating film is electrically connected with the power supply.
Preferably, the temperature and humidity sensing assembly comprises a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are located on the surface of the electric heating film, and the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are respectively electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the controller is a whole vehicle ECU, and the whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected to the power supply, the temperature and humidity sensing assembly, the anode gas supply system and the cathode gas supply system.
Preferably, the power supply is a vehicle-mounted storage battery, the vehicle-mounted storage battery is electrically connected with the electric heating film, and the vehicle-mounted storage battery is electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the cathode gas heater is an air heater, the air heater is arranged in the cathode gas supply system, and a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in the cathode gas supply system.
A control method of a cold start system of a vehicle fuel cell comprises a start-up control method and a stop control method, wherein the start-up control method comprises the following steps:
s110, acquiring the real-time temperature inside the cell stack;
s120, judging whether the current temperature is lower than a preset temperature or not;
if yes, the following steps are carried out:
s130, electrifying the electric heating film in the cell stack;
s140, the cathode gas heater is electrified, and the cathode gas supply system is started to be electrified with hot air;
s150, cutting off power supply when the temperature reaches the preset starting temperature, and finishing cold starting;
s160, the anode gas supply system supplies the first dry gas, the cathode gas supply system supplies the second dry gas, and the cell stack starts to work normally;
if not, the following steps are carried out:
s170, the anode gas supply system supplies the first dry gas, and the cathode gas supply system supplies the second dry gas;
s180, starting the cell stack to work;
the shutdown control method comprises the following steps:
s210, acquiring the current external environment temperature;
s220, judging whether the external temperature is lower than a preset value or not;
if yes, executing the following steps:
s230, executing a shutdown purging function;
s240, purging in the first stage, wherein the purging time in the first stage is 10 min;
the anode gas supply system blows in first dry gas;
the cathode gas supply system blows in a second dry gas;
s250, purging in a second stage, wherein the purging in the second stage is started after the purging in the first stage is finished for 10 min;
the anode gas supply system blows in first dry gas;
the cathode gas supply system blows in a second dry gas;
s260, stopping purging and normally stopping when the humidity in the cell stack meets a preset requirement;
if not, the following steps are executed:
and S270, normally stopping the machine.
Preferably, the blowing speed of the anode gas supply system in S240 is 0.2/min; the blowing speed of the cathode gas supply system is 1.0/min;
in S250, the blowing speed of the anode gas supply system is 0.3L/min; the blowing rate of the cathode gas supply system was 1.5L/min.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the electric heating film is arranged inside the cell stack, so that the catalytic reaction rate is accelerated, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of water-ice phase change in the cell stack is also ensured, and the direct heating mode has the advantages of fast temperature rise, low energy consumption and safety; the electric heating film is independently powered by a power supply, so that the heating of the electric heating film can be ensured to be earlier than the starting of the fuel cell, and the water-ice phase change phenomenon caused by the direct work of the fuel cell when the cold start is not heated is avoided; the temperature and humidity sensor can monitor the temperature and humidity inside the cell stack in real time and is connected with the controller, so that the controller can control the heating time of the power supply electric heating film according to the temperature inside the cell stack and can control the cathode gas supply system and the anode gas supply system to purge the cell stack according to the humidity inside the cell stack, the cost is reduced, and the internal structure of the cell stack is simplified; by adopting a double-row purging strategy of starting and stopping, the gas circulation speed is increased, the initial reaction speed is increased and the heat generated by the electric heating film is driven to quickly increase the internal temperature of the cell stack under the condition of not increasing the cost during starting; shut down and sweep and be used for cleaing away inside residual water of cell stack and inside residual fuel, shut down to sweep and adopt pulse blast blowing to sweep, simple structure, the easy operation.
The cold start strategy of the invention adopts two mechanisms of startup shutdown purging and direct heating, avoids the situation that the water-ice phase change in the cell stack breaks the structure of an important component to the maximum extent, and simultaneously realizes the quick cold start of the fuel cell by the cooperative control of the two mechanisms, thereby reducing the loss of the cell stack, prolonging the service life of the cell stack, increasing the fault tolerance of the cold start of the system, and enhancing the reliability and stability of the fuel cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a cell stack according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrical heating film connection according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the shutdown operation of the cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, anode gas diffusion layer; 2. an anode catalyst layer; 3. a proton exchange membrane; 4. a cathode catalyst layer; 5. electrically heating the film; 6. a cathode gas diffusion layer; 7. a temperature sensor; 8. a humidity sensor; 9. and a vehicle-mounted storage battery.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the invention provides a cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell, comprising a cell stack, wherein a cathode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of a cathode of the cell stack, a cathode gas heater is arranged on the cathode gas supply system, the cathode gas heater is electrically connected with a power supply, the power supply is electrically connected with a controller, an anode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of an anode of the cell stack, an electric heating film 5 is arranged in the cell stack, a temperature and humidity sensing assembly is arranged on the electric heating film 5, the temperature and humidity sensing assembly is electrically connected with the controller, and the electric heating film 5 is electrically connected with the power supply;
when the cell stack is in operation, the anode gas supply system is used for supplying anode gas into the cell stack, and the cathode gas supply system is used for supplying cathode gas into the cell stack;
when the cell stack is stopped, the anode gas supply system is used for blowing first dry gas into the cell stack; the cathode gas supply system is used for blowing a second dry gas into the cell stack.
The starting-up purging is mainly used for accelerating the gas circulation rate, improving the initial reaction speed, and simultaneously driving the heat generated by the electric heating film 5 to rapidly improve the internal temperature of the cell stack, and the purging time is set to be 3 min; the shutdown purge is used to remove residual water from the interior of the stack as well as residual fuel from the interior.
The highest temperature of the electric heating film 5 during working is 50 ℃, the safety inside the fuel cell stack during use is ensured, the working temperature range is-50 ℃ to 300 ℃, the fuel cell stack can normally work inside the fuel cell stack, and the direct heating mode has faster temperature rise and lower energy consumption compared with the common auxiliary heating mode, and is safer and has lower energy consumption compared with the existing direct heating mode; the power supply is used for supplying power to the power heating film 5, so that the fuel cell is heated before being started, and the condition that the product water is turned into ice when the fuel cell is started is avoided; the starting-up and stopping double-row purging strategy is adopted, the optimal purging effect is realized under the condition of not increasing the cost during starting up, pulse blast purging is adopted for stopping purging, the structure is simple, and the operation is easy; the temperature and humidity sensing assembly is directly used as a blowing result judgment basis, so that the cost is reduced, and the internal structure of the cell stack is simplified.
Further optimization scheme, electrical heating membrane 5 is graphite alkene heating membrane, and the cladding in the 5 outsides of electrical heating membrane has insulating waterproof adventitia, and electrical heating membrane 5's thickness is 20 ~ 30 mu m, has seted up a plurality of air vents on the 5 faces of electrical heating membrane, and the air vent diameter is 20 mm.
The diameter of the vent hole is preferably 20 mm. And the adaptability adjustment can be carried out according to the actual requirement.
The insulating waterproof outer film is a polyester film prepared from PET, and the polyester film has the characteristics of insulation, flame retardance, water resistance, difficulty in damage, good stiffness and tensile resistance and the like, and can normally work in an environment of-70-230 ℃.
The graphene heating film is adopted for direct heating, the low-power long-time heating strategy is less in energy consumption in the heating process, the temperature of the cell stack can be kept for a long time, dense vent holes are attached to the 5 surfaces of the electric heating film, and the circulation of gas and water in the cell stack is guaranteed while the heating requirement is met.
In a further optimized scheme, the anode gas is hydrogen, and the cathode gas is air;
the first dry gas is nitrogen and the second dry gas is air.
According to a further optimization scheme, the cell stack comprises an anode gas diffusion layer 1, and an anode catalyst layer 2, a proton exchange membrane 3 and a cathode catalyst layer 4 and a cathode gas diffusion layer 6 are sequentially arranged on one side of the anode gas diffusion layer 1;
the electric heating film 5 is positioned between the cathode catalyst layer 4 and the cathode gas diffusion layer 6 and is arranged in parallel, and the electric heating film 5 is electrically connected with a power supply.
The electric heating film 5 adopts a surface type heat release mode, so that the heating uniformity is ensured; meanwhile, the position of the catalyst is between the cathode catalyst layer 4 and the cathode gas diffusion layer 6, so that the catalytic reaction rate is accelerated, and the phenomenon of water-ice phase change in the catalyst layer is also avoided.
Further optimize the scheme, temperature and humidity response subassembly includes temperature sensor 7, humidity transducer 8, and temperature sensor 7, humidity transducer 8 are located 5 surfaces of electrical heating membrane, and temperature sensor 7 and humidity transducer 8 respectively with controller electric connection.
The humidity sensor 8 is used for monitoring the humidity in the fuel cell stack in real time and is used as the basis for judging the dry and wet state in the fuel cell stack and the start-stop control of shutdown blowing; the temperature sensor 7 is connected with the electric heating film 5 and the controller for monitoring the temperature of the battery stack in real time, and the controller controls the power supply to adjust the working time of the electric heating film 5 through signals transmitted by the temperature sensor 7.
According to the further optimization scheme, the controller is a whole vehicle ECU, and the whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected with the power supply, the temperature and humidity sensing assembly, the anode gas supply system and the cathode gas supply system.
The whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected with the humidity sensor 8 and is used for acquiring humidity information inside the battery stack; the whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected with a temperature sensor 7 and is used for collecting temperature information inside the cell stack; the whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected with a power supply and is used for controlling the power supply to adjust the working time of the electric heating film 5; the whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected with the anode gas supply system and is used for controlling the purging time of the anode gas supply system; and the whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected with the cathode gas supply system and used for controlling the purging time of the cathode gas supply system.
Further optimization scheme, the power is on-vehicle battery 9, on-vehicle battery 9 and electrical heating membrane 5 electric connection, on-vehicle battery 9 and controller electric connection.
The vehicle-mounted storage battery 9 is used for supplying power to the electric heating film 5, the working efficiency of the vehicle-mounted storage battery 9 is superior to that of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment, the fuel cell is heated before being started, and the condition that the product water is turned into ice when the fuel cell is started is avoided.
The cathode gas heater is an air heater, the air heater is arranged in the cathode gas supply system, and a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in the cathode gas supply system.
The cathode gas heater is a 12V air heater, the baffle plate is used for guiding the flow direction, the residence time of hot gas is prolonged, uniform heating is ensured, and the heating element adopts an antioxidant alloy heating wire.
A control method of a cold start system of a vehicle fuel cell comprises a start-up control method and a stop control method, wherein the start-up control method comprises the following steps:
the temperature sensor 7 monitors the real-time temperature inside the cell stack and transmits the data to the controller;
the controller judges whether the current temperature is less than-10 ℃;
if the temperature is lower than-10 ℃, the controller controls the power supply of the electric heating film 5 to be connected, and controls the anode gas supply system to supply hydrogen and the cathode gas supply system to supply air to start and purge, so as to accelerate heat transfer, when the temperature reaches-5 ℃, the fuel cell starts to work, the hydrogen supplied by the anode supply system enters from the anode gas diffusion layer 1, the air supplied by the cathode gas supply system enters from the cathode gas diffusion layer 6, the gas is heated through the electric heating film 5, and after the temperature sensor 7 detects that the internal temperature of the cell stack is stable along with the self-heat release of the fuel cell reaction, the controller cuts off the power supply of the electric heating film 5 to finish cold start, the anode gas supply system supplies first dry gas, the cathode gas supply system supplies second dry gas, and the cell stack starts to work normally;
if not, the anode gas supply system supplies the first dry gas, and the cathode gas supply system supplies the second dry gas; the stack begins to operate.
The shutdown control method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the current external environment temperature through a temperature sensor 7, and transmitting data to a controller;
the controller obtains the current temperature of the external environment from the information of the temperature sensor and judges whether the external temperature is lower than a preset value of-5 ℃;
if the temperature is lower than the preset value, the cell stack starts a purging function, meanwhile, the power supply of the electric heating film 5 is switched on, the purging function is divided into two stages, the time of the first stage is 10min, and the anode gas supply system blows in nitrogen at 0.2/min; the cathode gas supply system blows air at 1.0/min; second-stage purging after the first-stage purging is finished for 10min, blowing nitrogen into the anode gas supply system at a rate of 0.2/min; the cathode gas supply system blows air at 1.0/min; the controller determines the blowing stopping time according to the value of the humidity sensor 8, so as to ensure that the interior of the cell stack is in a dry state, and when the humidity in the cell stack meets the preset requirement, blowing is stopped, and the cell stack is normally shut down;
if the temperature is not lower than the preset value, the machine is directly and normally shut down.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell, characterized in that: the temperature and humidity sensing device comprises a cell stack, wherein a cathode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of a cathode of the cell stack, a cathode gas heater is arranged on the cathode gas supply system, the cathode gas heater is electrically connected with a power supply, the power supply is electrically connected with a controller, an anode gas supply system is arranged on the outer side of an anode of the cell stack, an electric heating film (5) is arranged in the cell stack, a temperature and humidity sensing assembly is arranged on the electric heating film (5), the temperature and humidity sensing assembly is electrically connected with the controller, and the electric heating film (5) is electrically connected with the power supply;
when the cell stack is operated, the anode gas supply system is used for supplying anode gas into the cell stack, and the cathode gas supply system is used for supplying cathode gas into the cell stack;
when the cell stack is stopped, the anode gas supply system is used for blowing a first dry gas into the cell stack; the cathode gas supply system is used for blowing a second dry gas into the cell stack.
2. The cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the utility model discloses a solar water heater, including electric heating membrane (5), electric heating membrane (5) outside cladding has insulating waterproof adventitia, the thickness of electric heating membrane (5) is 20 ~ 30 mu m, a plurality of air vents have been seted up on electric heating membrane (5) face, the air vent diameter is 20 mm.
3. The cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anode gas is hydrogen, and the cathode gas is air;
the first dry gas is nitrogen, and the second dry gas is air.
4. The cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cell stack comprises an anode gas diffusion layer (1), wherein an anode catalyst layer (2), a proton exchange membrane (3) and a cathode catalyst layer (4) and a cathode gas diffusion layer (6) are sequentially arranged on one side of the anode gas diffusion layer (1);
the electric heating film (5) is positioned between the cathode catalyst layer (4) and the cathode gas diffusion layer (6) and arranged in parallel, and the electric heating film (5) is electrically connected with the power supply.
5. The cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature and humidity sensing assembly comprises a temperature sensor (7) and a humidity sensor (8), the temperature sensor (7) and the humidity sensor (8) are located on the surface of the electric heating film (5), and the temperature sensor (7) and the humidity sensor (8) are respectively electrically connected with the controller.
6. The cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller is a whole vehicle ECU, and the whole vehicle ECU is electrically connected with the power supply, the temperature and humidity sensing assembly, the anode gas supply system and the cathode gas supply system.
7. The cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power is vehicle-mounted storage battery (9), vehicle-mounted storage battery (9) with electrical heating film (5) electric connection, vehicle-mounted storage battery (9) with controller electric connection.
8. The cold start device for a vehicle fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cathode gas heater is an air heater, the air heater is arranged in the cathode gas supply system, and a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in the cathode gas supply system.
9. A control method of a cold start system of a fuel cell for a vehicle based on the cold start apparatus of a fuel cell for a vehicle of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises a starting-up control method and a stopping control method, wherein the starting-up control method comprises the following steps:
s110, acquiring the real-time temperature inside the cell stack;
s120, judging whether the current temperature is lower than a preset temperature or not;
if yes, the following steps are carried out:
s130, electrifying the electric heating film (5) in the cell stack;
s140, the cathode gas heater is electrified, and the cathode gas supply system is started to be electrified with hot air;
s150, cutting off power supply when the temperature reaches the preset starting temperature, and finishing cold starting;
s160, the anode gas supply system supplies the first dry gas, the cathode gas supply system supplies the second dry gas, and the cell stack starts to work normally;
if not, the following steps are carried out:
s170, the anode gas supply system supplies the first dry gas, and the cathode gas supply system supplies the second dry gas;
s180, starting the cell stack to work;
the shutdown control method comprises the following steps:
s210, acquiring the current external environment temperature;
s220, judging whether the external temperature is lower than a preset value or not;
if yes, executing the following steps:
s230, executing a shutdown purging function;
s240, purging in the first stage, wherein the purging time in the first stage is 10 min;
the anode gas supply system blows in first dry gas;
the cathode gas supply system blows in a second dry gas;
s250, purging in a second stage, wherein the purging in the second stage is started after the purging in the first stage is finished for 10 min;
the anode gas supply system blows in first dry gas;
the cathode gas supply system blows in a second dry gas;
s260, stopping purging and normally stopping when the humidity in the cell stack meets a preset requirement;
if not, the following steps are executed:
and S270, normally stopping the machine.
10. The control method of a cold start system of a fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that:
s240, the blowing speed of the anode gas supply system is 0.2/min; the blowing speed of the cathode gas supply system is 1.0/min;
s250, the blowing speed of the anode gas supply system is 0.3L/min; the blowing rate of the cathode gas supply system was 1.5L/min.
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