CN115046628A - Civil aviation noise monitoring system based on rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception - Google Patents
Civil aviation noise monitoring system based on rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception Download PDFInfo
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- CN115046628A CN115046628A CN202210984082.2A CN202210984082A CN115046628A CN 115046628 A CN115046628 A CN 115046628A CN 202210984082 A CN202210984082 A CN 202210984082A CN 115046628 A CN115046628 A CN 115046628A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
- G08G5/0004—Transmission of traffic-related information to or from an aircraft
- G08G5/0013—Transmission of traffic-related information to or from an aircraft with a ground station
Abstract
The invention discloses a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the directional reception of a paraboloid-of-revolution acoustic antenna, which comprises: the device comprises an ADSB signal receiving module, an electric holder, a parabolic acoustic antenna, a parallel multi-core acquisition module and a DSP real-time calculation module; the ADSB signal receiving module receives flight data of an asymptotic aircraft and drives the electric holder to adjust the measurement direction of the paraboloid acoustic antenna in real time; the method comprises the following steps that a paraboloid acoustic antenna collects sound signals of a current airplane in the flight process in a measurement airspace; the parallel multi-core acquisition module performs multi-path collection and fusion on the sound signals according to the wave bands to obtain fusion signals; and the DSP real-time calculation module performs real-time calculation on the fusion signal to generate a time-acoustic curve file. According to the method, the measurement direction of the paraboloid of revolution acoustic antenna is actively adjusted according to the flight data of the asymptotic aircraft, the flight background noise of the single aircraft is accurately captured, and the influence of environmental noise on the measurement data is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of noise monitoring, in particular to a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the directional reception of a paraboloid-of-revolution acoustic antenna.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the civil aviation industry of China, the influence of the noise of the civil aviation aircraft on the peripheral area of an airport cannot be ignored, and in order to practice the development concepts of green civil aviation and intelligent civil aviation, effective treatment on the noise of the civil aviation is implemented, and related noise monitoring equipment is urgently needed.
The current products for airport noise monitoring are mainly: danish B & K airport noise monitoring systems, france mote weber 01dB airport noise monitoring systems, and so on. However, the noise monitoring system is slow to update, and often adopts the traditional omnibearing acoustic monitoring mode and technology for many years, so that the requirements of China on monitoring and controlling the noise of a single airplane in civil aviation industry can not be met greatly.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical staff in the field is how to provide a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception and capable of accurately capturing noise data of a single civil aviation aircraft.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the directional reception of a paraboloid-of-revolution acoustic antenna, which actively adjusts the measurement direction and angle of the paraboloid-of-revolution acoustic antenna according to the flight data information of an asymptotic civil aviation aircraft, accurately captures the flight background noise of a single aircraft, and avoids the influence of environmental noise on the measurement data in the traditional civil aviation noise monitoring system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the directional reception of a paraboloid-of-revolution acoustic antenna comprises: the device comprises an ADSB signal receiving module, an electric holder, a parabolic acoustic antenna, a parallel multi-core acquisition module and a DSP real-time calculation module;
the ADSB signal receiving module is used for receiving flight data of an asymptotic aircraft, prejudging whether the current aircraft enters a measurement airspace according to the flight data, and driving the electric holder to adjust the measurement direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna in real time after confirming that the current aircraft enters the measurement airspace;
the parabolic acoustic antenna is used for collecting sound signals within a specific wavelength range in the flight process of the current airplane in a measurement airspace;
the parallel multi-core acquisition module is used for performing multi-path collection and fusion on the sound signals acquired by the parabolic acoustic antenna according to wave bands to obtain fusion signals;
and the DSP real-time computing module is used for carrying out real-time computation on the fusion signal to generate a time-acoustic curve file.
Further, in the above civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal-of-revolution acoustic antenna directional radio reception, the flight data at least includes: aircraft identification number, longitude, latitude, altitude, time, heading, and speed; and the ADSB signal receiving module determines the air line of the asymptotic aircraft according to the aircraft identification number of the asymptotic aircraft and judges whether the current aircraft enters a measurement airspace according to the air line in advance.
Further, in the civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal rotating acoustic antenna directional reception, the ADSB signal receiving module is configured to calculate an azimuth angle between the measurement direction of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna and the current aircraft in real time according to position information in current aircraft flight data and the measurement direction of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna after confirming that the current aircraft enters a measurement airspace, and drive the electric cradle head to adjust the measurement direction of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna in real time according to the azimuth angle measured in real time until the aircraft leaves the measurement airspace.
Further, in the civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception, the paraboloid acoustic antenna comprises a main reflecting surface and an acoustic feed source; the acoustic feed source is arranged at a focus of the main reflecting surface and used for receiving and feeding acoustic energy collected by the focus.
Further, in the civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal rotating acoustic antenna directional reception, the calculation formula of the directional coefficient of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the area utilization factor;
is the aperture area of the main reflecting surface;
the wavelength of the detected sound wave;
gain factor of parabolic acoustic antenna
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the antenna efficiency;
gain factor, which is a parameter related to the aperture angle, reaches a maximum value when there is an optimum parabolic angle
。
Further, in the civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloid of revolution acoustic antenna directional sound reception, the reflecting layer of the main reflecting surface is made of an acoustic high-reflection material.
Further, in the above civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal of revolution acoustic antenna directional radio, the parallel multi-core acquisition module includes a plurality of measurement channels and a data processing unit; the plurality of measuring channels are connected with the data processing unit through a parallel data bus; the plurality of measuring channels correspondingly acquire sound signals of different wave bands one by one, amplify the signals at different degrees, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified sound signals to obtain digital sound signals measured under a plurality of measuring ranges;
the data processing unit is used for carrying out waveform integration on the digital sound signals measured under the multiple measuring ranges to obtain a fusion signal.
Further, in the civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal of revolution acoustic antenna directional reception, the measurement channel comprises an amplifying unit and an ADC unit;
the amplifying unit is used for amplifying the collected sound signals of the corresponding wave bands by adopting the corresponding amplifying coefficients to obtain amplified analog sound signals;
and the ADC unit is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified analog sound signal to obtain a digital sound signal under a corresponding range.
Further, in the above civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal-of-revolution acoustic antenna directional reception, the system further includes: the system comprises a wireless communication module and a cloud server;
and the DSP real-time computing module transmits the time-acoustic curve file to the cloud server through the wireless communication module.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception, and when an ADSB signal receiving module monitors that a passenger plane is about to reach the edge of a measured airspace, the azimuth angle and the distance between the passenger plane and the noise monitoring system are obtained through calculation of the height, longitude, latitude, navigational speed, course and other data of the passenger plane. According to the azimuth information, the omnibearing electric holder is driven to adjust the receiving angle of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna, the flight noise of the asymptotic civil aircraft is actively received, due to the directional advantage of the paraboloid acoustic antenna for receiving the acoustic radiation field, the non-civil aviation noise outside the acoustic main reflecting surface of the antenna can be fundamentally shielded, meanwhile, because the convergence effect of the paraboloid can improve the gain of the acoustic signal, compared with the traditional noise monitoring system, the invention expands the noise monitoring range, when the gridding arrangement of the noise monitoring equipment is carried out, has higher cost performance, can accurately capture the background flight noise of the single civil aircraft in the normal operation process, has the advantages of good measurement directivity, quick response, high sensitivity, large signal dynamic range and the like, the method can monitor the flight noise of the passenger plane on line in real time, and provides an effective means for noise monitoring and comprehensive treatment of civil aircrafts in the peripheral area of the airport. The paraboloidal acoustic antenna has different gain effects on acoustic signals with different wavelengths, and the parallel multi-core acquisition module is adopted, so that the dynamic measurement acquisition requirements of acoustic signals with different magnitudes are met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on a paraboloidal-of-revolution acoustic antenna directional reception provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a measurement flow chart of the civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloid of revolution acoustic antenna directional reception provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of active sound searching of an ADSB signal receiving module according to the present invention for measuring background noise of a single aircraft in a flight process;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a parabolic acoustic antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a geometric relationship diagram of a parabolic acoustic antenna provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel multi-core acquisition module provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a civil aviation noise monitoring system based on a paraboloidal of revolution acoustic antenna directional radio, which detects aircraft noise approaching an airport in a descent stage, and comprises: the device comprises an ADSB signal receiving module, an electric holder, a parabolic acoustic antenna, a parallel multi-core acquisition module and a DSP real-time calculation module;
the ADSB signal receiving module is used for receiving flight data of the asymptotic aircraft, prejudging whether the current aircraft enters a measurement airspace according to the flight data, and driving the electric holder to adjust the measurement direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna in real time after confirming that the current aircraft enters the measurement airspace; wherein, the electric pan-tilt adopts an omnibearing electric pan-tilt;
the paraboloid acoustic antenna is used for collecting sound signals within a specific wavelength range in the flight process of the current airplane in a measurement airspace;
the parallel multi-core acquisition module is used for carrying out multi-path collection and fusion on the sound signals acquired by the parabolic acoustic antenna according to wave bands to obtain fusion signals;
and the DSP real-time computing module is used for carrying out real-time computation on the fusion signal to generate a time-acoustic curve file.
The antenna has different gains for acoustic signals with different frequencies, the acoustic signals of different frequency bands are collected through the parallel multi-core acquisition module, and the signals of the different frequency bands are spliced by the DSP real-time calculation module and integrated into a time-acoustic data curve which changes along with time and has a frequency range of 20-20000 Hz.
In other embodiments, further comprising: the system comprises a wireless communication module and a cloud server;
the DSP real-time calculation module transmits the time-acoustic curve file to the cloud server through the wireless communication module.
As shown in fig. 2, the specific measurement process is as follows:
the ADSB signal receiving module receives flight data such as identification numbers, longitudes, latitudes, heights, time, course, navigational speed and the like of the asymptotic civil aviation airplanes in real time, determines air lines of the airplanes according to the airplane identification numbers of the airplanes, and judges whether the current airplanes enter a measurement airspace or not according to the air lines in advance. Because the air route of the airplane is defined by the civil aviation bureau, and the flying is arranged, the current air route of the airplane is generally determined by the identification number, and then whether the current airplane enters a measurement area or not is judged in advance. And after confirming that the airplane enters a measurement airspace, calculating an azimuth angle between the parabolic acoustic antenna and the airplane, driving the omnibearing electric holder to adjust the measurement direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna, and starting flight noise measurement of the parabolic acoustic antenna. Because the noise monitoring position is known and fixed, the measuring direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna can be measured in real time, and the azimuth angle and the distance between the parabolic acoustic antenna and the current airplane can be calculated according to the information of the position, the heading and the like of the airplane.
The acoustic signals obtained through measurement are collected through the parallel multi-core acquisition module, the acoustic signals after fusion and arrangement enter the DSP real-time calculation module, the noise data of the single aircraft are calculated at the measurement end, files such as time-acoustic curves are generated, finally, relevant data are transmitted to the cloud server through the network to be provided for users to carry out relevant operation, and the next measurement cycle is started.
In one particular embodiment, as shown in figure 3,
the ADSB signal receiving module receives flight data of a measured airspace and civil aircrafts nearby the measured airspace in real time, receives flight data such as airplane identification numbers, longitudes, latitudes, heights, time, course, navigational speed and the like when the civil aircrafts approach the measured airspace, determines air lines of the civil aircrafts according to the airplane identification numbers of the asymptotic aircrafts, and judges whether the current aircrafts enter the measured airspace or not according to the air lines.
After confirming that the current airplane enters the measurement airspace, the ADSB signal receiving module calculates the azimuth angle between the measurement direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna and the current airplane in real time according to the position information in the current airplane flight data and the measurement direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna, drives the electric holder to adjust the measurement direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna in real time according to the real-time measured azimuth angle until the airplane leaves the measurement airspace, and realizes tracking measurement by tracking the airplane position in real time.
In one particular embodiment, as shown in fig. 4-5, a parabolic acoustic antenna includes a primary reflector and an acoustic feed; the acoustic feed source is arranged at the focus F of the main reflecting surface 0 For receiving and feeding the acoustic energy collected at the focal point; the opening diameter of the main reflecting surface is D 0 . Wherein, the reflecting layer of the main reflecting surface is made of acoustic high-reflecting material.
The calculation formula of the direction coefficient of the paraboloid acoustic antenna is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the area utilization factor;
is the aperture area of the main reflecting surface;
the wavelength of the detected sound wave;
gain factor of parabolic acoustic antenna
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the antenna efficiency;
gain factor, which is a parameter related to the aperture angle, reaches a maximum value when there is an optimum parabolic angle
。
For example, a typical value is selected for analysis when
When the aperture radius is 1 meter, the wavelength range of 20-20000Hz sound wave is 0.017-17 meters, and the corresponding signal gain range is 1.16-1159.95. Therefore, the paraboloid of revolution acoustic antenna has a gain effect on acoustic signals in a monitoring frequency range, has better measurement performance, and can measure farther than a traditional omnibearing noise measurement modeThe distance is monitored in real time for the noise of the single airplane starting to fly.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the parallel multi-core acquisition module includes a plurality of measurement channels and a data processing unit; the plurality of measuring channels are connected with the data processing unit through a parallel data bus; the method comprises the steps that a plurality of measuring channels correspondingly acquire sound signals of different wave bands one by one, signal amplification of different degrees is carried out, and digital sound signals measured under a plurality of measuring ranges are obtained after analog-to-digital conversion is carried out on the amplified sound signals;
the data processing unit is used for carrying out waveform integration on the digital sound signals measured under the multiple measuring ranges to obtain a fusion signal.
The measurement channel comprises an amplification unit and an ADC unit;
the amplifying unit is used for amplifying the collected sound signals of the corresponding wave bands by adopting the corresponding amplifying coefficients to obtain amplified analog sound signals;
the ADC unit is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified analog sound signal to obtain a digital sound signal under a corresponding range.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the directional reception of a paraboloid-of-revolution acoustic antenna is characterized by comprising: the device comprises an ADSB signal receiving module, an electric holder, a parabolic acoustic antenna, a parallel multi-core acquisition module and a DSP real-time calculation module;
the ADSB signal receiving module is used for receiving flight data of an asymptotic aircraft, prejudging whether the current aircraft enters a measurement airspace according to the flight data, and driving the electric holder to adjust the measurement direction of the parabolic acoustic antenna in real time after confirming that the current aircraft enters the measurement airspace;
the parabolic acoustic antenna is used for collecting sound signals within a specific wavelength range in the flight process of the current airplane in a measurement airspace;
the parallel multi-core acquisition module is used for performing multi-path collection and fusion on the sound signals acquired by the parabolic acoustic antenna according to wave bands to obtain fusion signals;
and the DSP real-time computing module is used for carrying out real-time computation on the fusion signal to generate a time-acoustic curve file.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the flight data at least comprises: aircraft identification number, longitude, latitude, altitude, time, heading, and speed; and the ADSB signal receiving module determines the air line of the asymptotic aircraft according to the aircraft identification number of the asymptotic aircraft and pre-judges whether the current aircraft enters a measurement airspace according to the air line.
3. The civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal rotating acoustic antenna directional radio is characterized in that the ADSB signal receiving module is used for calculating an azimuth angle between the measuring direction of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna and the current airplane in real time according to position information in current airplane flight data and the measuring direction of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna after the current airplane is confirmed to enter a measuring airspace, and driving the electric holder to adjust the measuring direction of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna in real time according to the real-time measured azimuth angle until the airplane leaves the measuring airspace.
4. The civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the rotary paraboloid acoustic antenna directional radio reception of claim 1, wherein the paraboloid acoustic antenna comprises a main reflecting surface and an acoustic feed source; the acoustic feed source is arranged at a focus of the main reflecting surface and used for receiving and feeding acoustic energy collected by the focus.
5. The civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloidal acoustic antenna directional radio reception of claim 4, wherein the direction coefficient of the paraboloidal acoustic antenna is calculated according to the formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the area utilization factor;
is the aperture area of the main reflecting surface;
the wavelength of the detected sound wave;
gain factor of parabolic acoustic antenna
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the antenna efficiency;
gain factor, which is a parameter related to the aperture angle, reaches a maximum value when there is an optimum parabolic angle
。
6. The civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloid of revolution acoustic antenna directional sound reception, according to claim 4, wherein the reflection layer of the main reflection surface is made of an acoustic high reflection material.
7. The civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloid of revolution acoustic antenna directional radio reception of claim 1, wherein the parallel multi-core acquisition module comprises a plurality of measurement channels and a data processing unit; the plurality of measuring channels are connected with the data processing unit through a parallel data bus; the plurality of measuring channels correspondingly acquire sound signals of different wave bands one by one, amplify the signals at different degrees, and perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified sound signals to obtain digital sound signals measured under a plurality of measuring ranges;
the data processing unit is used for carrying out waveform integration on the digital sound signals measured under the multiple measuring ranges to obtain a fusion signal.
8. The civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloid of revolution acoustic antenna directional radio reception of claim 7, wherein the measurement channel comprises an amplification unit and an ADC unit;
the amplifying unit is used for amplifying the collected sound signals of the corresponding wave bands by adopting corresponding amplification coefficients to obtain amplified analog sound signals;
and the ADC unit is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified analog sound signal to obtain a digital sound signal under a corresponding range.
9. The civil aviation noise monitoring system based on the paraboloid-of-revolution acoustic antenna directional radio reception of claim 1, further comprising: the system comprises a wireless communication module and a cloud server;
and the DSP real-time computing module transmits the time-acoustic curve file to the cloud server through the wireless communication module.
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