CN108801637A - A kind of paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection - Google Patents
A kind of paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN108801637A CN108801637A CN201810586641.8A CN201810586641A CN108801637A CN 108801637 A CN108801637 A CN 108801637A CN 201810586641 A CN201810586641 A CN 201810586641A CN 108801637 A CN108801637 A CN 108801637A
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- acoustic mirror
- paraboloid
- acoustic
- acquisition device
- train bearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection, it is made of several identical acoustic mirror units, acoustic mirror unit is evenly distributed along rail direction horizontal linear, each acoustic mirror unit includes microphone, sound reflector, supporting rack, wherein the reflecting surface of acoustic mirror is parabolic shape, and the horizontal cross-section curve of the reflecting surface of acoustic mirror is parabola, microphone is positioned over acoustic mirror parabolic focus position.Acoustic mirror in array acquisition device proposed by the present invention can avoid Doppler from distorting from principle, and have directive property de-noising function, while array format can extend the length of acquisition signal, effectively improve train bearing fault diagnosis accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to equipment condition monitorings and fault diagnosis field, and in particular to one kind being used for train bearing rail side acoustics
The paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device of detection.
Background technology
As the critical component of train, the working condition in high speed, heavy duty, each parts surface connect wheel set bearing for a long time
Touch stress repetition effect, easily cause fatigue, crackle, impression thus fracture, it is deadlocked, abrasion the problems such as, can bring vibration increase,
The problems such as noise and rotary resistance, there will be severe clamping stagnation and make entire axle system failure, or even causes considerable safety
Accident, thus need to carry out on-line checking to the state of Railway wheelset bearing.
One of the effective means of rail Acoustic detection when acoustic detection technology is Railway wheelset bearing rail, it is in-orbit by installing
The microphone array acquisition train high speed of road both sides by when the voice signal that sends out of wheel set bearing, collected sound is carried out
Health monitoring and fault diagnosis are realized in processing.Due to the high speed relative motion of train and microphone array, microphone array acquisition
Voice signal distort with Doppler, while microphone can collect the noise signals such as wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise simultaneously, give
Subsequent signal processing brings interference, reduces fault diagnosis accuracy.The present invention proposes a kind of for train bearing rail side
The paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device of Acoustic detection, the device is by several acoustic mirrors evenly distributed along rail direction horizontal linear
Unit forms, wherein each acoustic mirror unit uses the acoustic mirror that reflecting surface is parabolic shape, is installed in paraboloidal focus
Microphone can use parabola property to realize undistorted acquisition, overcome the bearing voice signal generated due to train movement more
General Le aberration problems.Meanwhile the parallel incident acoustic wave that bearing is sent out reflects focusing by sound reflector, and other positions is non-flat
The incident noise source sound wave of row can not be in focal point, it is thus achieved that directive property de-noising and convergence enhancing are adopted after reflector
Collection, improves signal-to-noise ratio, improves fault diagnosis accuracy.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：Doppler's distortion of train bearing voice signal and very noisy problem, tool
Body is described below：
If Fig. 1 be train bearing rail side voice acquisition system schematic diagram, wherein sound source A be bearing sound source, consider sound source A from
M points move to the process of N points, it can be found that the distance between sound source and microphone AO are time-varying in the process, this just makes
At the time-varying of sound wave transmission path length, and then the variation of the phase of microphone pickup signals is affected, this is by causing
On the other hand the basic reason of signal Doppler frequency shift is inversely proportional since sound pressure amplitude decays with distance, acquisition signal will generate
Amplitude modulation.In short, the variation of sound wave transmission path length caused by being moved due to sound source is to cause side signal Doppler abnormal
The basic reason of change.
On the other hand, when train high speed by when, microphone is other than the voice signal that sends out of acquisition train bearing, also
The interfering noise signals such as wheel-rail noise, aerodynamic noise, tractive squeal and electrical noise can be collected simultaneously, and these noises are believed
Number than bearing signal strength bigger, puzzlement is brought to the effective extraction and analysis of bearing signal, is reduced to bearing health shape
The accuracy of state monitoring.
And the present invention can to avoid Doppler distort appearance and can refer to tropism remove partial noise, increase signal-to-noise ratio, carry
High RST acquires accuracy rate, promotes the accuracy to bearing health status monitoring.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection, including several identical sound
Mirror unit, wherein each acoustic mirror unit includes：Microphone, acoustic mirror, supporting rack；Parabolic shape is presented in the reflecting surface of acoustic mirror,
And the horizontal cross-section curve of reflecting surface is parabola；The microphone is placed on the corresponding position of supporting rack, for receiving
Voice signal；The acoustic mirror is mounted on the corresponding position of supporting rack, is used for reflecting focal voice signal.
Wherein, acoustic mirror unit is evenly distributed along rail direction horizontal linear, forms array, is conducive to extend acquisition Chief Signal Boatswain
Degree, improves the accuracy rate of train bearing fault detect.
Wherein, acoustic mirror reflecting surface is divided into two class presentation mode of template paraboloid and taper paraboloid.
Wherein, the acoustic mirror is parabolic shape, parabola property can be used to realize undistorted acquisition, overcome due to
Bearing voice signal Doppler's aberration problems that train movement generates.
Wherein, acoustic mirror is parabolic shape, parabola property can be used to realize directive property de-noising.
Wherein, microphone is mounted on acoustic mirror parabolic focus position, is used for reflecting focal voice signal, increases and effectively adopt
The intensity for collecting signal, improves the accuracy rate of train bearing fault detect.
Wherein, the microphone is placed on the corresponding position of supporting rack, for receiving voice signal；The acoustic mirror peace
On the corresponding position of supporting rack, it to be used for reflecting focal voice signal.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. the paraboloid acoustic mirror array of the present invention can use parabola property to realize undistorted acquisition, overcome due to train
Move the bearing voice signal Doppler's aberration problems generated.
2. the paraboloid acoustic mirror array of the present invention can use parabola property to realize directive property de-noising, noise is increased
Than improving the accuracy rate of train bearing fault diagnosis.
3. the paraboloid acoustic mirror unit of the present invention is evenly distributed along rail direction horizontal linear, array is formed, is conducive to prolong
Long acquisition signal length, improves the accuracy rate of train bearing fault detect.
4. the paraboloid acoustic mirror unit of the present invention can use parabola property, microphone to be mounted on acoustic mirror parabolic focus
Position is used for reflecting focal voice signal, increases the intensity of effectively acquisition signal, improves signal-to-noise ratio, to improve row
The accuracy rate of bearing fault detect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is train bearing rail side voice acquisition system schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the basic principle figure of paraboloid acoustic mirror, wherein 1 is microphone, and 2 be sound source.
Fig. 3 illustrates for paraboloid acoustic mirror directive property denoising principle, wherein 1 is microphone, and 21 be target sound source, and 22 be to make an uproar
Several sources.
Fig. 4 to plane sound wave reception condition and has the microphone in the case of paraboloid acoustic mirror for microphone in the case of no acoustic mirror
To plane sound wave reception condition, wherein Fig. 4 (a) is traditional no paraboloid acoustic mirror acquisition mode, and Fig. 4 (b) is proposition of the present invention
Paraboloid acoustic mirror acquisition mode.
Fig. 5 is plate shape paraboloid acoustic mirror array and taper paraboloid acoustic mirror array, wherein 1 is microphone, and 3 be paraboloid
Acoustic mirror.
Fig. 6 is the acoustical signal harvester real case of taper paraboloid acoustic mirror array, wherein Fig. 6 (a) is taper parabolic
The acoustical signal harvester of face acoustic mirror array, the time-domain signal figure that Fig. 6 (b) acquires for no paraboloid acoustic mirror, Fig. 6 (c) are to have throwing
The time-domain signal figure of object plane acoustic mirror acquisition, the time-frequency characteristics figure that Fig. 6 (d) acquires for no paraboloid acoustic mirror, Fig. 6 (e) are to have parabolic
The time-frequency characteristics figure of face acoustic mirror acquisition, wherein 1 is microphone, and 3 be paraboloid acoustic mirror.
Fig. 7 is the acoustical signal harvester real case of plate shape paraboloid acoustic mirror array, wherein 4 be paraboloid acoustic mirror battle array
Row, 5 be wheel set bearing.
Fig. 8 is the fundamental diagram of paraboloid acoustic mirror unit, wherein 2 be sound source, and 3 be paraboloid acoustic mirror, and 6 be incidence wave,
7 be back wave, and 8 be receiver.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection of the invention, including several phases
Same acoustic mirror unit, wherein each acoustic mirror unit includes：Microphone, acoustic mirror, supporting rack.
Wherein, the microphone is placed on the corresponding position of supporting rack, for receiving voice signal；The acoustic mirror peace
On the corresponding position of supporting rack, it to be used for reflecting focal voice signal.
It is a kind of to avoid the acoustical signal acquisition method that train bearing rail side Doppler distorts using paraboloid acoustic mirror, throwing is utilized
The property of object plane, i.e.,：The distance of arbitrary point to focus on parabola is equal to the distance to directrix.
Here is that specific principle illustrates：As shown in Fig. 2, considering that sound source A is moved with even speed v from M along x=x0 straight lines
Point moves to the processes of N points, and any time A is sent out in motion process sound wave is reached by mirror-reflection to be undergone at focus
Path length is AB+BF, (i.e. by aforementioned parabolic property：On parabola any point to focal length with to focal line apart from phase
Deng) understand BF=BC, therefore, path length is equal to AB+BC=AC=x0+p/2, is steady state value, if placing wheat in focal point
Gram wind receiver, then the sound wave transmission path that receiver receives in sound source moving process is equal, abnormal so as to avoid Doppler
Become.
According to parabolical property, as shown in figure 3, explanation be only parallel to x-axis target sound source could be anti-by parabola
It penetrates and focuses in paraboloid geometrical focus, and by after parabolic reflective, there is no by Mike non-parallel to the noise source of x-axis
Wind receives, therefore the acoustical signal harvester has the function of directive property de-noising, increases signal-to-noise ratio, improves train bearing failure
The accuracy rate of detection.
According to parabolical property, as shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 (a) is traditional no paraboloid acoustic mirror acquisition mode, Fig. 4 (b)
It is paraboloid acoustic mirror acquisition mode proposed by the present invention, the sound wave that target sound source is sent out is by acoustic mirror reflecting focal in being positioned over coke
Microphone at point, compared with traditional approach, microphone can be collected into more signal energies, and acquisition signal strength obtains bright
Aobvious enhancing, to improve acquisition Signal-to-Noise, improves the accuracy rate of train bearing fault detect.
As shown in figure 5, being respectively formed plate shape paraboloid acoustic mirror unit and taper paraboloid by parabola stretching and after rotating
Two kinds of acoustic mirror unit.And plate shape paraboloid acoustic mirror array and taper paraboloid can be formed after being combined by multiple paraboloid acoustic mirror units
Acoustic mirror array, Array Design scheme can extend the length of acquisition signal, effectively improve train bearing fault diagnosis accuracy.
The implementation of the present invention is further described with actual experimental data below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is the device that taper paraboloid acoustic mirror unit acquires acoustical signal as shown in Fig. 6 (a), the taper paraboloid acoustic mirror
The geometric parameter of the horizontal cross-section curve of unit reflecting surface is y2It is put at=240*x, bore d=150cm, focus F (60,0)
Microphone, actual focal position have a trolley to pass through with certain speed, on trolley apart from ground 40cm immediately below focus
The loud speaker for the sinusoidal signal that centre frequency is 2500Hz is placed with as target sound source, simulates the train bearing rail side of high-speed cruising
Acoustical signal acquires.
If Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (d) is respectively the time domain of collected acoustical signal when not placing taper paraboloid acoustic mirror unit
Figure and time-frequency figure, it can be seen that there is the Doppler of apparent serpentine to distort, and Fig. 6 (c) and Fig. 6 (e) is respectively that placed taper throwing
The time-domain diagram and time-frequency figure of collected acoustical signal when object plane acoustic mirror unit, it can be seen that be that no Doppler distorts " straight line "
Shape.Such as Fig. 6 (d) and Fig. 6 (e) it is found that the comparison discovery before and after placing taper paraboloid acoustic mirror unit, has apparent elimination how general
Strangle the effect of distortion.
As shown in fig. 7, being a plate shape paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device for being used for the side fault detect of train bearing rail.
When train high-speed cruising, the rail side acoustical signal of wheel set bearing is uniform along rail direction horizontal linear by plate shape paraboloid acoustic mirror array
Arrangement is placed and is acquired, and by parabolic surface properties it is found that acoustic signal back focusing wavelength is certain, how general can avoid from principle
Distortion is strangled, and microphone theoretically only receives parallel acoustical signal, therefore have directive property de-noising function, and acoustic signal back focuses on
On microphone, effective acoustic signal intensity increases, and due to there is multiple paraboloid acoustic mirrors to present in the form of an array, increases acquisition letter
Number length, improve the accuracy rate of train bearing rail side fault detect.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection, it is characterised in that：If including
Identical acoustic mirror unit is done, wherein each acoustic mirror unit includes：Microphone, acoustic mirror, supporting rack；The reflecting surface of acoustic mirror, which is presented, to be thrown
Paraboloid shape, and the horizontal cross-section curve of reflecting surface is parabola；The microphone is placed on the corresponding position of supporting rack,
For receiving voice signal；The acoustic mirror is mounted on the corresponding position of supporting rack, is used for reflecting focal voice signal.
2. the paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device according to claim 1 for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection,
It is characterized in that：Acoustic mirror unit is evenly distributed along rail direction horizontal linear, forms array, is conducive to extend acquisition signal length,
Improve the accuracy rate of train bearing fault detect.
3. the paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device according to claim 1 for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection,
It is characterized in that：Acoustic mirror reflecting surface is divided into two class presentation mode of template paraboloid and taper paraboloid.
4. the paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device according to claim 1 for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection,
It is characterized in that：The acoustic mirror is parabolic shape, parabola property can be used to realize undistorted acquisition, overcome due to train
Move the bearing voice signal Doppler's aberration problems generated.
5. the paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device according to claim 1 for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection,
It is characterized in that：Acoustic mirror is parabolic shape, parabola property can be used to realize directive property de-noising.
6. the paraboloid acoustic mirror array acquisition device according to claim 1 for train bearing rail side Acoustic detection,
It is characterized in that：Microphone is mounted on acoustic mirror parabolic focus position, is used for reflecting focal voice signal, increases effectively acquisition letter
Number intensity, improve the accuracy rate of train bearing fault detect.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810586641.8A CN108801637B (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A parabolic sound mirror array collection system for train bearing rail limit acoustics detects |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810586641.8A CN108801637B (en) | 2018-06-08 | 2018-06-08 | A parabolic sound mirror array collection system for train bearing rail limit acoustics detects |
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| CN108801637B CN108801637B (en) | 2020-01-03 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109507290A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-22 | 东华大学 | The bundle fiber breaking point and electroacoustic measurement apparatus and method of micro- sound pick-up lattice arrangement |
| CN109682884A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-26 | 东华大学 | The bundle fiber fracture electroacoustic measurement apparatus and method that file sound pick-up is symmetrically displaced |
| CN109738516A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-05-10 | 东华大学 | A kind of the bundle fiber fracture electroacoustic measurement apparatus and method of the arrangement of row linear array |
| CN110740407A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-31 | 安徽大学 | active noise reduction method for train bearing rail side acoustic signals based on double microphones |
| CN111189530A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-22 | 成都铁安科技有限责任公司 | Rail edge acoustic system for detecting train fan fault |
| CN112179656A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-05 | 西北工业大学 | Method and device for measuring directivity of sound source of mobile linear microphone array |
| CN115046628A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-09-13 | 中国民航大学 | Civil aviation noise monitoring system based on rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109507290A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-22 | 东华大学 | The bundle fiber breaking point and electroacoustic measurement apparatus and method of micro- sound pick-up lattice arrangement |
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| CN111189530A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-22 | 成都铁安科技有限责任公司 | Rail edge acoustic system for detecting train fan fault |
| CN112179656A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-05 | 西北工业大学 | Method and device for measuring directivity of sound source of mobile linear microphone array |
| CN115046628A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-09-13 | 中国民航大学 | Civil aviation noise monitoring system based on rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception |
| CN115046628B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-01 | 中国民航大学 | Civil aviation noise monitoring system based on rotating paraboloid acoustic antenna directional reception |
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