CN105865788A - Array acoustic detection method for train bearing defect online monitoring - Google Patents
Array acoustic detection method for train bearing defect online monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN105865788A CN105865788A CN201610211527.8A CN201610211527A CN105865788A CN 105865788 A CN105865788 A CN 105865788A CN 201610211527 A CN201610211527 A CN 201610211527A CN 105865788 A CN105865788 A CN 105865788A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an array acoustic detection method for train bearing defect online monitoring, and is applied to detection of various train axle box bearings. According to the method, acoustic sensor arrays are arranged at the two sides of a track for acquiring bearing sound data, wheel sensors are installed on the track for determining speeds and positions of wheelsets, and according to the positions of the wheelsets, wave beam formation is performed on array sound data so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the bearing sound data. Each acoustic sensor array comprises at least two omni-directional microphone sensors, the frequency response scope of each microphone sensor is 50 to15KHz, the center interval between adjacent microphones is smaller than one half of a received wavelength, and the installation heights of the microphones are consistent with bearing heights. The at least two wheel sensors are installed on the track all together, the sensors are symmetrically distributed within a +/-3 meter scope of the center line of each microphone array, the distance between each sensor and the center line of each microphone array can be changed, yet the distances have to be accurately measured so as to satisfy needs of the arrays for signal processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of on-line monitoring of train bearings, in particular to an array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects.
Background
The rolling bearing is an important rotating part in mechanical equipment and is also one of important failure sources of the mechanical equipment. Compared with other mechanical parts, the rolling bearing has the great characteristic that the service life of the rolling bearing is very discrete. Some bearings have greatly exceeded their design life but still work well, while some bearings fail well.
The train bearing is one of the worst parts in the working condition in the train running part, and under the condition of continuous high-speed long-mileage running of a train, the dynamic load borne by the train bearing is large, so that the bearing can be rapidly developed once a fault occurs, and accidents such as hot shafts, burning shafts, shaft cutting and the like can be caused if the fault is not found in time. The train has the accidents in the application at home and abroad, and the development of the bearing state monitoring and diagnosing equipment has important significance.
The vibration detection technology is the most widely applied bearing state monitoring technology at present, but the traditional vibration detection technology is contact diagnosis, the installation is complex, and the failure rate is high. The single-channel sound diagnosis technology is non-contact diagnosis, but is easily interfered by noise, and has low signal-to-noise ratio, so that an ideal detection effect is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides an array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects. By adopting the array sound detection technology, the detection method not only has the advantages of non-contact diagnosis, but also can overcome the defect of low signal-to-noise ratio of the single-channel sound diagnosis technology, can realize the detection of various train axle box bearings, and has high detection efficiency and accurate and reliable detection results.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is an array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects. The method comprises the following steps: the acoustic sensor array is arranged in the acoustic cabinet at two sides of the track, the wheel sensor is arranged in a rail clamp mode, and the array signal processing method is based on array sound data and wheel sensor data. Wherein,
the acoustic sensor arrays are distributed on two sides of the track, each acoustic sensor array is composed of at least 2 omnidirectional microphone sensors, the frequency response range of each microphone sensor is 50-15 KHz, the center distance between adjacent microphones is equal and is smaller than 1/2 of the wavelength of the received sound wave, and the installation height of each microphone is consistent with the height of a bearing to be detected;
the wheel sensors are installed in a rail clamp mode, the number of the wheel sensors is at least 2, the sensors are symmetrically distributed in a range of +/-3 meters of a central line of the microphone array, the distance between each sensor and the central line of the microphone array can be changed, and accurate measurement is needed to meet the requirement of array signal processing;
the array signal processing method needs to calculate the vehicle speed and the bearing position according to the signal of the wheel sensor and synthesize the array microphone signal according to the bearing position.
Preferably, the acoustic sensor arrays are distributed on both sides of the rail.
Preferably, each acoustic sensor array consists of at least 2 microphones.
Preferably, the microphone sensor is an omni-directional microphone sensor.
Preferably, the frequency response of the microphone sensor is 50-15 KHz.
Preferably, adjacent microphones are equally spaced on center and are less than 1/2 of the wavelength of the received sound waves.
Preferably, the installation height of each microphone is consistent with the bearing to be detected.
Preferably, the number of wheel sensors is at least 2.
Preferably, the wheel sensors are symmetrically distributed within a range of +/-3 meters of the central line of the microphone.
Preferably, the location of each sensor is adjustable to field conditions, but the distance from the microphone array centerline must be accurately measured to accommodate the array signal processing requirements.
Preferably, the calculation of the vehicle speed and the determination of the position of the bearing relative to the centre line of the sensor array at different times is carried out on the basis of the signals of the wheel sensors.
Preferably, the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio is achieved by beamforming based on the bearing position and the array microphone signal.
The working process of the scheme is as follows:
when the train passes through, the sound data of each microphone is synchronously collected and stored, and the signal data of each wheel sensor is synchronously collected and stored. When the train leaves, the time of each bearing passing through the signal acquisition area is calculated according to the signal of the wheel sensor, the positions of the bearings at different moments are calculated, beam forming is completed according to the positions of the bearings at the corresponding moments and the data of the array microphone, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and preparation is made for a further defect identification algorithm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of sensor installation of the array acoustic detection method for train bearing defect online monitoring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention relates to an array acoustic detection method for train bearing defect on-line monitoring, which is used for detecting train bearing defects. The invention comprises a microphone array 2 distributed on two sides of a track, a wheel sensor 1 arranged on the track and an array signal processing method based on array sound data and wheel sensor data.
The microphone sensor arrays 2 are arranged in the acoustic cabinet on two sides of the track, the directions of the microphone arrays are parallel to the track, and the installation heights of the microphone sensors are consistent with the installation heights of the detected bearings. Each microphone sensor array is composed of at least 2 omnidirectional microphone sensors, and the frequency response of each microphone sensor is 50-15 KHz. The centers of adjacent microphones are equally spaced, and in order to eliminate grating lobes, the centers of adjacent microphones are spaced less than 1/2 times the wavelength of the received sound wave.
The wheel sensors 1 are installed in a rail clamping mode, the number of the wheel sensors is at least 2, the installation positions are within a range of +/-3 meters of the central line of the microphone array, adjustment can be carried out according to the actual situation on site, and the distance between each sensor and the central line of the microphone array after installation must be accurately measured. The positions of the bearings to be detected at different moments can be accurately calculated according to the induction time and the mounting position of each wheel sensor, and then the signal-to-noise ratio of the sound signals can be improved by using the array sound data at the same moment to perform wave beam forming, so that the accuracy of a processing algorithm is improved, and the defect detection of the bearings is better realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. An array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects is characterized by comprising the following steps: the acoustic sensor array is arranged in the acoustic cabinet at two sides of the track, the wheel sensor is arranged on the track, and the array signal processing method is based on the array sound data and the wheel sensor data. Wherein,
the acoustic sensor array comprises two acoustic sensor arrays, the two acoustic sensor arrays are arranged in an acoustic cabinet on two sides of a track, each acoustic sensor array is composed of at least 2 omni-directional microphone sensors, the frequency response range of each microphone sensor is 50-15 KHz, the center distance between adjacent microphones is equal and is smaller than 1/2 of the wavelength of a received sound wave, and the installation height of each microphone is consistent with the height of a detected bearing;
the wheel sensors are installed in a rail clamp mode, the number of the wheel sensors is at least 2, the sensors are symmetrically distributed in a range of +/-3 meters of a central line of the microphone array, the positions of the sensors can be adjusted according to the field condition, and the distance between the sensors and the central line of the microphone array needs to be accurately measured so as to meet the requirement of array signal processing;
the array signal processing method needs to calculate the vehicle speed and the bearing position according to the signal of the wheel sensor and synthesize the array microphone signal according to the bearing position.
2. The array acoustic detection method for the on-line monitoring of the train bearing defects according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic sensor array is distributed in acoustic cabinets on two sides of a track.
3. The array acoustic detection method for the on-line monitoring of the train bearing defect according to claim 2, wherein each acoustic sensor array is composed of at least 2 microphones.
4. The array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects according to claim 3, characterized in that the microphone sensor is an omni-directional microphone sensor.
5. The array acoustic detection method for the on-line monitoring of the train bearing defects according to claim 2, wherein the frequency response of the microphone sensor is 50-15 KHz.
6. The array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects according to claim 2, wherein adjacent microphones are equally spaced on center and less than 1/2 of the wavelength of the received sound wave.
7. The array acoustic detection method for the on-line monitoring of the train bearing defects according to claim 3, wherein the installation height of each microphone is consistent with the bearing to be detected.
8. An array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of wheel sensors is at least 2.
9. The array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects according to claim 8, wherein the wheel sensors are symmetrically distributed within ± 3 meters of the center line of the microphone.
10. An array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects according to claim 9, characterized in that the position of each sensor can be adjusted according to the field situation, but the distance from the center line of the microphone array must be accurately measured to meet the array signal processing requirements.
11. An array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation of the speed of the vehicle and the determination of the position of the bearing relative to the centre line of the sensor array at different times are performed on the basis of the signals of the wheel sensors.
12. The array acoustic detection method for on-line monitoring of train bearing defects according to claim 11, characterized in that the enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio is achieved by means of beam forming according to the bearing position at a certain moment and the array microphone signal at the corresponding moment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610211527.8A CN105865788A (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Array acoustic detection method for train bearing defect online monitoring |
| CN201610606086.1A CN106323634B (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-28 | A kind of train bearing defect inspection method and device |
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| CN201610211527.8A CN105865788A (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Array acoustic detection method for train bearing defect online monitoring |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106289822A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 成都铁安科技有限责任公司 | A kind of train failure detection system and method |
| CN107271139A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司哈尔滨空气动力研究所 | A kind of Combined microphone array apparatus |
| CN108072522A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-25 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | For carrying out the mechanism of condition monitoring and the device with such mechanism and the method for carrying out condition monitoring to device |
| CN108594795A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-28 | 北京康拓红外技术股份有限公司 | A kind of EMU sound fault diagnosis system and diagnostic method |
| CN108725512A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-02 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | A kind of dynamic monitoring method of wheel tread adhesion harmfulness foreign matter |
| CN108844741A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-20 | 安徽大学 | High-speed train bearing fault diagnosis method based on microphone uniform area array filtering |
| CN111044288A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 神州高铁技术股份有限公司 | Signal acquisition method and system, storage medium, diagnosis system and detection system |
| CN111044140A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 神州高铁技术股份有限公司 | Signal acquisition method, system, storage medium, diagnosis method and detection system |
| CN112543725A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-03-23 | 奥钢联信号美国有限公司 | Railcar acoustic monitoring system and method of use thereof |
| CN112781864A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-11 | 哈尔滨铁路科研所科技有限公司 | Fault diagnosis method, device and system for bottom transmission system of bullet train |
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| CN108332971B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2021-01-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三研究所 | Train bearing sound wave intercepting and splicing method |
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| JP2003090336A (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-28 | Nippon Skf Kk | Device and method for diagnosing wheel rotating part |
| EP1797409A2 (en) * | 2004-09-11 | 2007-06-20 | General Electric Company | Rail sensing apparatus and method |
| CN100577488C (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2010-01-06 | 广州市奥特创通测控技术有限公司 | Method for on-line monitoring running state of high speed strain |
| US8423240B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-04-16 | International Electronic Machines Corporation | Wireless railroad monitoring |
| CN103969046B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2016-05-04 | 北京康拓红外技术股份有限公司 | A kind of bearing acoustics diagnose system and method for and the coupling of wheel set bearing running-in machine |
| DE102014217598A1 (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-03-03 | Gesellschaft zur Förderung angewandter Informatik e.V. | Method and arrangement for acquiring acoustic and optical information and a corresponding computer program and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium |
| CN204556257U (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 北京康拓红外技术股份有限公司 | A kind of rolling stock rolling bearing acoustic diagnostic instrument |
| CN105000032A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2015-10-28 | 北京康拓红外技术股份有限公司 | Digitization method for railway vehicle bearing acoustic detection system and implementation device for digitization method |
| CN105258785B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2018-02-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三研究所 | Acoustic monitoring station, wheel detection method and the passive acoustics diagnostic system of train bearing failure |
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2016
- 2016-04-07 CN CN201610211527.8A patent/CN105865788A/en active Pending
- 2016-07-28 CN CN201610606086.1A patent/CN106323634B/en active Active
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106289822A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 成都铁安科技有限责任公司 | A kind of train failure detection system and method |
| CN108072522A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-25 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | For carrying out the mechanism of condition monitoring and the device with such mechanism and the method for carrying out condition monitoring to device |
| CN107271139A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-10-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司哈尔滨空气动力研究所 | A kind of Combined microphone array apparatus |
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| CN108844741A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-20 | 安徽大学 | High-speed train bearing fault diagnosis method based on microphone uniform area array filtering |
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| CN108725512A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-02 | 爱德森（厦门）电子有限公司 | A kind of dynamic monitoring method of wheel tread adhesion harmfulness foreign matter |
| CN112543725A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-03-23 | 奥钢联信号美国有限公司 | Railcar acoustic monitoring system and method of use thereof |
| CN111044288A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 神州高铁技术股份有限公司 | Signal acquisition method and system, storage medium, diagnosis system and detection system |
| CN111044140B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 神州高铁技术股份有限公司 | Signal acquisition method, system, storage medium, diagnosis method and detection system |
| CN111044140A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 神州高铁技术股份有限公司 | Signal acquisition method, system, storage medium, diagnosis method and detection system |
| CN112781864A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-11 | 哈尔滨铁路科研所科技有限公司 | Fault diagnosis method, device and system for bottom transmission system of bullet train |
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| CN106323634A (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| CN106323634B (en) | 2019-03-26 |
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