CN203605915U - Urban rail vehicle wheel diameter detector with sensor installed along arc normal - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an urban rail vehicle wheel diameter detection device installed with a sensor arc normal line. The device includes a central processing unit and a plurality of laser sensors connected thereto; the rails in the detection section deviate outward, and guard rails are arranged inside the rails of the detection section; the laser sensors are arranged between the area vacated by the rail offset and the Between the guard rails, they are arranged along the direction of the rail and evenly distributed on an arc with a fixed chord length and radius. Each laser sensor probe measures along the normal direction of the arc, and the detection beam is aligned with the center of the arc where the laser sensor is located. Below the wheel and coplanar with the circumference of the wheel where the diameter measurement is taken. This method uses multiple laser sensors, which are installed under the wheel according to the normal relationship of the arc, and detects the wheel at the same time to obtain the detection points. The initial diameter is obtained by least squares fitting, and the wheel diameter is obtained by averaging the initial diameter. The online non-contact measurement of the utility model has the advantages of fast speed, high precision and large measuring diameter range.

Description

The city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that sensor circular arc normal is installed

Technical field

The utility model relates to railway wheel detection field, the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that particularly a kind of sensor circular arc normal is installed.

Background technology

City rail vehicle there will be abrasion in various degree in the process of operation, and abrasion exert an influence to wheel safe operation meeting, and the wheel diameter that wherein abrasion cause changes particularly key.Train main track is in service, coaxially and with steering framing wheel footpath differ from all limited requirements, the poor excessive wheel that easily causes in coaxial wheels footpath is to scratch, same wheel poor excessive flange wear or the train abnormal vibrations of also easily causing in wheel footpath, therefore to the measurement of wheel diameter to safe train operation important in inhibiting.

Conventional arc radius measuring method comprises slide calliper rule method and the high chord length method of bow, and wherein slide calliper rule method is applicable to the not high occasion of accuracy requirement, and measurement range is subject to the restriction of arc length, and slide calliper rule range is subject to the restriction of located lateral frame; And the operation of bending high chord length method is more loaded down with trivial details, these two kinds of methods are generally used for workpiece to do static off-line measurement.Chinese patent CN 201159640Y(diameter measurement device of railway wheel, application number: 200820055350.8, the applying date: 2008-02-02) disclose the high chord length method of a kind of bow and measured radius of wheel device, repair method belongs to hand dipping and off-line is measured automatically, needs regularly to send workshop to overhaul after wheel travels a period of time.This static off-line measurement adopts special measuring tool or omnipotent measurer manual detection, the shortcoming such as have that testing result error is large, poor accuracy, rework rate are high, inefficiency, labour intensity are large.

Contactless on-line measurement wheel grows up to geometric parameter gradually to diameter or wheel, Chinese patent CN1899904A(detector for train wheel pair size online test method and device, application number: 200510035961.7 applyings date: 2005-07-20), the laser displacement sensor of certain distance is installed in the both sides of every one steel rail, sensor is measured obliquely from the bottom side of rail, thereby record wheel tread data, and the speed moving based on train calculating obtains diameter through two laser sensor chord lengths.The shortcoming of the method is, need to utilize train speed information simultaneously, measurement that can not complete independently diameter, and utilize single laser sensor to record tread information, can be because diameter position cannot be accurately located in the variation of tread.The wheel diameter non-contact type dynamic measurement method of Chinese patent CN101219672A(based on laser, application number: 200810056339.8 applyings date: 2008-01-16) two laser displacement sensor direct irradiation wheel tread rolling surfaces of employing, geometry site by sensor installation is measured wheel diameter, the shortcoming of the method does not solve alignment issues for surveying line, and the same approximate method of cutting sth. askew cannot accurately be described wheel diameter.To sum up, still there is the shortcomings such as measuring accuracy is not high, measurement response speed is slow, engineering construction is difficult in current contactless wheel diameter measuring technique.

Utility model content

The city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that provides a kind of high-precision sensor circular arc normal to install is provided the purpose of this utility model, adopts non-contact measurement, and detection speed is fast, measurement range is large.

The technical solution that realizes the utility model object is: the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that a kind of sensor circular arc normal is installed, comprise CPU (central processing unit) and multiple laser sensor, and described laser sensor is all connected with CPU (central processing unit); The rail of detector segments is outwards offset, and the rail of this detector segments inner side arranges guard rail, tangent inside guard rail and wheel rim; Laser sensor is arranged at rail and is offset between the region and guard rail of vacating, the probe of laser sensor is arranged and is distributed on the fixing circular arc of chord length radius along rail direction, each laser sensor probe is measured along the normal direction of circular arc, detecting light beam is aimed at the center of circle that circular arc is installed, and all laser sensors are positioned at wheel below and coplanar with the wheel circumference that carries out diameter measurement.

Compared with prior art, remarkable advantage of the present utility model is:, based on laser detection system, by the algorithm of least square fitting, realize the online non-cpntact measurement of train wheel (1), and measuring accuracy is high; (2) by any multiple spot coordinate of laser sensor automatic acquisition wheel, by corresponding data Processing Algorithm, obtain institute's measuring car wheel diameter instantly, simple, convenient quick; (3) have advantages of that detection speed is fast, measurement range is large.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the postrun abrasion schematic diagram of wheel tread.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the wheel diameter pick-up unit of the utility model sensor circular arc normal installation.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of rail switching place in the utility model city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit.

Fig. 4 is the distance Q of the utility model rail skew and the broken face schematic diagram of the size of guard rail.

Fig. 5 is that the wheel diameter that in embodiment 1, laser sensor circular arc normal is installed detects schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is the measured value relation of t (ms) in time of each laser sensor in embodiment 1.

Fig. 7 is a certain moment detection sequence point (X in embodiment 1 _i, Y _i) and matching after circle.

Fig. 8 is whole diameters that in embodiment 1, all effective measured data values matchings obtain.

Fig. 9 is 20 diameter acquired results schematic diagram of duplicate measurements in embodiment 1.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail.

Tread profile when having expressed certain wheel operation tread profile later in Fig. 1 and just having put into operation, can find out apart from the wheel rim side 70mm of place and concentrate and locate for abrasion, this place is measurement diameter position conventional in engineering, and wheel diameter is often controlled between 770～840mm, therefore laser sensor sensing point is chosen for the wheel circumference at this place.

The city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that the utility model sensor circular arc normal is installed, comprises CPU (central processing unit) and multiple laser sensor, and described laser sensor is all connected with CPU (central processing unit); The rail of detector segments is outwards offset, and the rail of this detector segments inner side arranges guard rail, tangent inside guard rail and wheel rim; Laser sensor is arranged at rail and is offset between the region and guard rail of vacating, the probe of laser sensor is arranged and is distributed on the fixing circular arc of chord length radius along rail direction, each laser sensor probe is measured along the normal direction of circular arc, detecting light beam is aimed at the center of circle that circular arc is installed, and all laser sensors are positioned at wheel below and coplanar with the wheel circumference that carries out diameter measurement.

As shown in Figure 2, detector segments by outer rail 6 partially, vacate certain area, laser sensor probe 3 is arranged on to the measurement point below of wheel 1, in wheel rim inner side, guard rail 5 is set and causes derailing to prevent taking turns in S or axial float, laser sensor probe 3 is fixing by clamp of sensor 4, and can adjust position and the inclination angle of laser sensor probe 3, and each laser sensor probe 3 laser beams that send 2 can detect the corresponding check point on wheel simultaneously.

As shown in Figure 3, rail outwards switching place of skew is arc, is conducive to train and enters and exit detecting area.Fig. 4 has illustrated the outwards concrete size Q of skew of rail, and for wheel tread and 60 rails, Q is controlled between 50～65mm, makes track centerline not exceed the outer rim of wheel.Guard rail exceeds the size P of wheel rim, is controlled between 30～50mm.The wheel circumference that carries out diameter measurement is 70mm apart from the distance of wheel rim side.

Due to wheel to be measured and track Long Term Contact, smooth surface roughness is low, therefore relates to and utilizes laser scanning testing head to carry out profile measurement to the very strong metal curved surface of mirror-reflection, and this measurand is a difficult point in current topography measurement field.Zhang Liang etc. have analyzed the measurement capability of existing several laser feeler to metal surface, show that the holographic probe of cone light polarization and oblique fire formula triangle probe are applicable to measuring metal curved surface (Zhang Liang, Fei Zhigen, Guo Junjie. laser scanning testing head is measured research to metal curved surface, lathe and hydraulic pressure, the 39th the 9th phase of volume: in May, 2011).Therefore the laser sensor that the utility model relates to, preferably bores the holographic probe of light polarization and oblique fire formula triangle probe, the quantity of laser sensor be 3～10 and the probe of all laser sensors be fixed on wheel below by clamp of sensor.

The method that the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that uses the sensor circular arc normal to install carries out wheel diameter detection, comprises the following steps:

The 1st step, n laser sensor is installed on to rail and is offset the region of vacating, chord length is arranged and be distributed on to the probe of laser sensor along rail direction is on L, the radius circular arc that is R, each laser sensor probe is measured along the normal direction of circular arc, detecting light beam is aimed at the center of circle that circular arc is installed, and laser sensor is designated as respectively P _i, along rail direction, i is followed successively by 1,2 ..., n, the number that n is laser sensor;

The 2nd step, sets up two-dimensional coordinate system in the plane at the wheel circumference that carries out diameter measurement: be X-axis along rail direction, through first laser sensor P ₁and be upwards Y-axis perpendicular to rail, each laser sensor probe is with respect to the mounted angle θ of X-axis _idetermined by following formula:

${\mathrm{\θ}}_i=\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{2}+(i-1-\frac{n-1}{2}\×\mathrm{\θ}),i=\mathrm{1,2}...n$

Wherein θ is the definite arc angle of chord length L and radius R,

Coordinate (the x of laser sensor _i, y _i) determined by following formula:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=\frac{L}{2}-R\&times;\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_i\\ y_i=y_1-R\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_i+\sqrt{R^2-\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000411893840000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2}{4}}\end{array}\right.,i=\mathrm{1,2}...n$

The 3rd step, gathers the output valve of all laser sensors, and selects and have the valid data of n sensor output value group { S simultaneously _i, S _ibe i sensor P _ioutput valve, i=1,2 ... n;

The 4th step, according to sensor P _ioutput valve S _i, coordinate figure (x _i, y _i), mounted angle θ _idetermine respective sensor P on wheel _imeasurement point coordinate (X _i, Y _i):

(X _i,Y _i)＝(x _i,y _i)+(S _i×cosθ _i,S _i×sinθ _i)i＝1,2…n

The 5th step, according to n on wheel measurement point coordinate (X _i, Y _i) carry out fitting circle, obtain the wheel diameter D of this measuring position; Adopt least square method to carry out fitting circle, formula is as follows:

$D=\sqrt{a^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="b"\; filenames="HDA0000411893840000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">b</figure-callout>}}^2+4\frac{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}(X_i^2+Y_i^2)+\mathrm{a\&Sigma;}{X}_i+\mathrm{b\&Sigma;}{Y}_i}{n}},i=\mathrm{1,2}...n$

Wherein, a is the center of circle horizontal ordinate x after matching ₀-2 times be a=-2x ₀, b is the center of circle ordinate y after matching ₀-2 times be b=-2y ₀, and

$a=\frac{\mathrm{HD}-\mathrm{EG}}{\mathrm{CG}-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="D"\; filenames="HDA0000411893840000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D</figure-callout>}}^2}$

$b=\frac{\mathrm{HC}-\mathrm{ED}}{D^2-\mathrm{GC}}$

Wherein C, D, E, G, H are intermediate parameters, as follows respectively:

$\left.\begin{array}{c}C=\mathrm{n\&Sigma;}{X}_i^2-\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{X}_i\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{X}_i\\ D=\mathrm{n\&Sigma;}{X}_i{Y}_i-\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{X}_i\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{Y}_i\\ E=\mathrm{n\&Sigma;}{X}_i^3+\mathrm{n\&Sigma;}{X}_i{Y}_i^2-\mathrm{\&Sigma;}(X_i^2+Y_i^2)\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{X}_i\\ G=\mathrm{n\&Sigma;}{Y}_i^2-\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{Y}_i\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{Y}_i\\ H=\mathrm{n\&Sigma;}{X}_i^2{Y}_i+\mathrm{n\&Sigma;}{Y}_i^3-\mathrm{\&Sigma;}(X_i^2+Y_i^2)\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{Y}_i\end{array}\right\},i=\mathrm{1,2}...n.$

The 6th step, carries out matching by the multiple valid data groups that collect and obtains a series of wheel diameters, and a series of wheel diameters that obtain are averaged, and obtains the final wheel diameter D in this measuring position _final.

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the utility model is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1

The present embodiment is the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that sensor circular arc normal is installed.

As shown in Figure 5, chord length is arranged and be distributed on to the probe of n laser sensor along rail direction is that on L, the radius circular arc that is R, each laser sensor probe is measured along the normal direction of circular arc, and detecting light beam is aimed at the center of circle that circular arc is installed.

The external factor that affects laser triangulation sensor accuracy mainly comprises measured surface inclination, surface gloss, roughness, color and sweep velocity etc.Sensor adopts circular arc normal form to install, and makes laser sensor probe can aim at tested surface simultaneously, has effectively suppressed the error that tested surface tilts to bring; Be conducive to the preferred process of installation parameter to be analyzed simultaneously, reduced analysis difficulty.

The installation parameter of laser sensor meets the following conditions: the number of laser sensor is n and 3≤n≤10, it is L and n × 30mm≤L≤1800mm that laser sensor is installed chord length, along mounting points to the vertical range of track of first laser sensor of rail direction is | y ₁| and | y ₁|>=100mm, laser sensor install arc radius be R and $\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000411893840000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}^2+{\left|y_1\right|}^2}\&le;R\&le;5000\mathrm{mm}.$

According to engineering reality and the analysis to measuring error, 4 parameters are preferably as follows to (unit: mm):

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_1=-100\\ n=6\\ L=800\\ R=2500\end{array}\right.$

Thereby obtain the coordinate (x of each sensor _i, y _i) (unit: mm) and mounted angle θ _i(unit: °):

θ _i＝[80.7931?84.4759?88.1586?91.8414?95.5241?99.2069]

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{x}_i=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}0& 159.3373& 319.6685& 480.3315& 640.6627& 800\end{array}\right]\\ y_i=\begin{array}{}\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}-100& -120.5968& -130.9165& -130.9165& -120.5968& -100\end{array}\right]\end{array}\end{array}\right.$

If the sampling period of laser sensor is 1kHz, measure stochastic error 0.1mm, the tested vechicle wheel measurement data that are 800 by computer simulation generation diameter as shown in Figure 6, are exported diameter by measurement data according to following steps:

(1.1) collect all laser sensor output point sequence S _i, and data when selecting 6 sensors and effectively surveying.Certain moment wheel is through out-of-date effective value:

S _i＝[309.2010?188.2974?137.8491?138.1852?189.8197?312.4783]

(1.2) for the output valve S of sensor _iand mounting points coordinate (x _i, y _i), inclination angle theta _i, push away to obtain the point coordinate (X on camber line _i, Y _i); Fig. 7 has drawn S in (1.1) _imoment wheel is through the sequence of points (X in central point moment _i, Y _i) and matching after circle:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_i=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}49.5169& 177.4748& 324.1039& 475.8919& 622.4061& 750.0586\end{array}\right]\\ Y_i=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}205.4936& 66.9409& 7.0473& 7.1771& 68.1715& 208.1128\end{array}\right]\end{array}\right.$

(1.3) by sequence of points (X _i, Y _i) to obtain according to least square fitting circle the wheel diameter that this moment surveys be 800.44mm.Fig. 8 is the corresponding wheel diameter value in all effective measurement moment, and the wheel that is 800 to diameter under present embodiment measurement is effectively measured and counted is 137 points, and it is that D is 799.6mm～800.4mm that the data in interior all moment of effective range calculate diameter.

(1.4) data in Fig. 8 are averaged, obtain the output diameter D of one-shot measurement _final=799.93mm.Analogue measurement 20 times, obtains the measurement result shown in Fig. 9, and from this measurement result, this embodiment can be realized the high-acruracy survey of wheel diameter, and measuring error is <0.1mm in the situation that not considering alignment error.

In sum, the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that the utility model sensor circular arc normal is installed, by the algorithm of least square fitting, realizes the online non-cpntact measurement of train wheel, and measuring accuracy is high; By any multiple spot coordinate of laser sensor automatic acquisition wheel, by corresponding data Processing Algorithm, obtain institute's measuring car wheel diameter instantly, simple, convenient quick; And have advantages of that detection speed is fast, measurement range is large.

Claims (5)

1. the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that sensor circular arc normal is installed, is characterized in that, comprise CPU (central processing unit) and multiple laser sensor, described laser sensor is all connected with CPU (central processing unit); The rail of detector segments is outwards offset, and the rail of this detector segments inner side arranges guard rail, tangent inside guard rail and wheel rim; Laser sensor is arranged at rail and is offset between the region and guard rail of vacating, the probe of laser sensor is arranged and is distributed on the fixing circular arc of chord length radius along rail direction, each laser sensor probe is measured along the normal direction of circular arc, detecting light beam is aimed at the center of circle that circular arc is installed, and all laser sensors are positioned at wheel below and coplanar with the wheel circumference that carries out diameter measurement.

2. the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that sensor circular arc normal according to claim 1 is installed, is characterized in that, described detector segments rail is skew 50～65mm outwards, and switching place that this rail is outwards offset is arc.

3. the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that sensor circular arc normal according to claim 1 is installed, is characterized in that, described in carry out diameter measurement wheel circumference be 70mm apart from the distance of wheel rim side.

4. the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that sensor circular arc normal according to claim 1 is installed, it is characterized in that, the quantity of described laser sensor is n and 3≤n≤10, it is L and n × 30mm≤L≤1800mm that laser sensor is installed chord length, along mounting points to the vertical range of track of first laser sensor of rail direction is | y ₁| and | y ₁|>=100mm, laser sensor install arc radius be R and

5. the city rail vehicle wheel diameter pick-up unit that sensor circular arc normal according to claim 1 is installed, it is characterized in that, the probe of described laser sensor is the holographic probe of cone light polarization or oblique fire formula triangle probe, and the probe of all laser sensors is fixed on wheel below by clamp of sensor.

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