CN115044986B - Device and method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying Download PDFInfo
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- CN115044986B CN115044986B CN202210759295.5A CN202210759295A CN115044986B CN 115044986 B CN115044986 B CN 115044986B CN 202210759295 A CN202210759295 A CN 202210759295A CN 115044986 B CN115044986 B CN 115044986B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/04—Melting filament-forming substances
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/10—Filtering or de-aerating the spinning solution or melt
- D01D1/103—De-aerating
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying. Feeding polyester/polyamide slices into an extruder, plasticizing and melting the slices in the feeding section under the actions of heating and screw shearing, uniformly mixing the slices in the barrier section, establishing higher melt pressure, reducing the melt pressure in a film forming dehydration section, rapidly forming a film, rapidly removing water at the surface interface of a polymer melt by a negative pressure system, conveying the dehydrated melt to a filter and a metering pump, and finally flowing out and drawing by a spinning component to prepare the polyester/polyamide fiber; the invention avoids using an off-line drying system of conventional slices, reduces production links such as slice pre-crystallization and drying, realizes direct melt spinning of polyester and polyamide slices, avoids a drying system with high energy consumption, greatly shortens process flow and period, reduces energy consumption and improves production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spinning, in particular to a device and a method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying.
Background
The polycondensation reaction of polyester and the polycondensation reaction of polyamide have lower equilibrium coefficient, and small molecular water participates in the polycondensation reaction, and the water is a control factor of the kinetics of the polycondensation reaction, so that the polyester and the polyamide are easy to generate reverse polycondensation reaction when meeting water at high temperature so as to reduce the molecular weight of the polymer. Therefore, residual moisture in the polyester and polyamide chips can degrade the resin during melt extrusion processing, reduce melt viscosity and affect product quality. In order to avoid hydrolysis reaction of the resin, the resin chips must be subjected to a pre-melt drying treatment. At present, the industrial polyester/polyamide slice drying is mainly carried out by off-line equipment, and common industrial equipment comprises a vacuum drum, a boiling drying box, a tower type turning plate drying equipment, a horizontal spiral propelling drying equipment and the like. However, these methods have the disadvantages of high equipment investment, complex process flow, long period, high energy consumption and the like, so that development of an online rapid drying method has very important practical significance for preparing polyester fibers or polyamide fibers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for rapidly dehydrating the molten polyester and polyamide slices, which rapidly remove moisture by implementing environments such as rapid and efficient film formation, high temperature, vacuum and the like on the melt, avoid hydrolysis reaction of the melt, maintain the viscosity of the melt, realize direct melt spinning of the polyester and polyamide slices, and provide a brand new and efficient preparation method for industrial production of polyester fibers or polyamide fibers.
The invention relates to a device for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying, which comprises an extruder and a spinning machine, wherein the extruder comprises a barrel body and three mutually meshed screws arranged in the barrel body, the three screws are arranged in parallel or in a triangle shape, the screws are divided into a plurality of functional areas, a feeding section, a melting mixing section, a barrier section, a film forming dehydration section and a melt conveying section are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the screws, each functional area outside the barrel body corresponds to a temperature control component, the barrel body is provided with a devolatilization port corresponding to the film forming dehydration section, the devolatilization port is connected with a negative pressure system, the positions of the extruder corresponding to the feeding section are provided with feeding ports, and the discharging ports of the extruder are communicated with the feeding ports of the spinning machine;
the ratio L/D of the total length L of the screw to the outer diameter D of the film forming element is 23-30;
the length of the melt mixing section is 6.6D, and the melt mixing section consists of 4 forward spiral elements and 3 kneading block elements; the leads of the 4 positive-going screw elements in the melt conveying direction are 1D, 0.75D, 0.5D; the length of each kneading block element is 1.2D, the thickness of the kneading blocks is 0.2D, and the staggering angles of the kneading blocks are 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees along the melt conveying direction; the residence time of the polymer in the section is 0.3-3 s, and the polymer is quickly melted;
the length of the barrier section consists of 1 reverse spiral element, and the lead is 0.25-0.6D;
the length of the film forming dehydration section is 6D, the film forming dehydration section consists of 3 forward spiral elements with leads of 2D, the helix angle of the elements is 36.5 degrees, the depth of the spiral grooves is 0.12D, and the thickness of the spiral edges is 0.12D; the section and the cylinder body and the devolatilization port arranged above the section form a water evaporation chamber. The polymer melt forms a melt film with the thickness of 0.8-2 um under the control of a large-lead element, and the melt film combines with the negative pressure effect to realize the rapid removal of water in the melt within the time range of 0.2-1.2 s.
Further, the length of the feeding section is 4-6.5D, the feeding section sequentially comprises 3-5 forward spiral elements along the length direction of the screw rod assembly, and leads along the melt conveying direction are respectively 1.5D, 1D or 1.5D, 1D and 1D.
Further, the length of the melt conveying section is 7-10D, the melt conveying section consists of 7-9 forward spiral elements, the lead range along the melt conveying direction is 0.75-1.5D, and the last 3 or 4 elements are repeated elements with the lead of 0.75D.
Further, the temperature control assembly comprises a heating block, a cooling water channel in the cylinder wall and a temperature control sensor.
Further, the negative pressure system comprises a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is communicated with the devolatilization port.
A method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying, which uses the device, comprises the following specific steps: feeding polyester slices or polyamide slices into an extruder, plasticizing and melting the slices in the feeding section under the actions of heating and screw shearing, uniformly mixing the slices in the barrier section, establishing higher melt pressure, reducing the melt pressure in a film forming dehydration section, rapidly forming a film, rapidly removing water at the surface interface of a polymer melt by a negative pressure system, and delivering the dehydrated melt to a spinning machine to flow out and draft to prepare polyester/polyamide fibers;
wherein, the feed zone temperature: 200-255 ℃, and the temperature of a melting and mixing section is: 230-265 ℃, barrier section temperature: 240-260 ℃, film forming and dehydration section temperature: 245-265 ℃, melt conveying section temperature: 255-270 ℃; the rotating speed of the screw is 100-600 r/min; the temperature of the spinning component of the spinning machine is 250-270 ℃.
Further, the vacuum degree of the negative pressure system is controlled to be 10-60 kPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
1) Through the optimal combination of the screw and the structure thereof, the melt has larger exhaust interface area and interface updating frequency, so that the water wrapped in the melt can rapidly migrate to the surface, and the rapid volatilization of water vapor is promoted.
2) Moisture is vaporized extremely rapidly through quick film formation of the melt and a negative pressure environment and is removed from the system in an extremely short time (0.2-1 s), so that hydrolysis reaction is avoided, and the viscosity of the melt is effectively maintained.
3) The off-line drying system of the conventional slice is avoided, production links such as slice pre-crystallization and drying are reduced, direct melt spinning of the polyester and polyamide slices is realized, the high-energy-consumption drying system is avoided, the process flow and period are greatly shortened, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the barrel and screw configuration of the extruder of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a side view of the inside of the barrel of the extruder of the present invention.
1. A cylinder; 2. a screw; 3. a feed section; 4. a melt-kneading section; 5. a barrier section; 6. a film forming and dehydrating section; 7. a melt conveying section; 8. a temperature control assembly; 9. a devolatilization port; 10. a negative pressure system; 11. a feed inlet; 12. a heating block; 13. and a cooling water passage.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying comprises an extruder and a spinning machine (not shown in the figure), wherein the extruder comprises a barrel 1 and three screws 2 which are mutually meshed in the barrel 1, the screws 2 are arranged in parallel or in a triangle shape, the screws 2 are divided into a plurality of functional areas, a feeding section 3, a melt mixing section 4, a barrier section 5, a film forming dehydration section 6 and a melt conveying section 7 are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the screws, each functional area outside the barrel 1 corresponds to a temperature control assembly 8, the barrel 1 corresponds to the film forming dehydration section 6, the devolatilization opening 9 is connected with a negative pressure system 10, a feeding opening 11 is arranged at the position of the extruder corresponding to the feeding section 3, and the discharging opening of the extruder is communicated with the feeding opening 11 of the spinning machine.
The ratio L/D of the total length L of the screw 2 to the outer diameter D of the film forming member is 23 to 30, and in one embodiment L/D is 24.45.
The length of the melt mixing section 4 is 6.6D, and the melt mixing section consists of 4 forward spiral elements and 3 kneading block elements; the lead of the 4 positive spiral elements along the melt conveying direction is 1D, 0.75D and 0.5D, wherein the lead is 1D element, the helix angle is 18.2 degrees, the groove depth of the spiral is 0.12D, and the thickness of the spiral edge is 0.12D; the lead is 0.75D element, the helix angle is 13.7 degrees, the groove depth of the helix is 0.12D, and the thickness of the screw edge is 0.1D; the lead is 0.5D element, the helix angle is 9.1 degrees, the groove depth of the helix is 0.12D, and the thickness of the screw edge is 0.075D; the length of the forward kneading block elements was 1.2D, the kneading block thickness was 0.2D, and the kneading block staggering angles were 30 °, 60 °, 90 ° in the melt conveying direction, respectively. The spiral elements with gradually reduced leads are used for continuously compressing, exhausting and gradually melting materials, and the kneading disc elements are used for rapidly melting and uniformly mixing the materials.
The length of the barrier section consists of 1 reverse spiral element, and the lead is 0.25-0.6D; in one embodiment, the lead of the reverse helical element is 0.6D, the helix angle is 10.8 °, the flute depth of the helix is 0.12D, and the element thread thickness is 0.06D; the use of reversing elements to limit the melt flow into the film forming and dewatering section 6 creates a melt transport barrier that allows the film forming and dewatering section 6 to maintain a lower melt pressure.
The length of the film forming dehydration section 6 is 6D, the film forming dehydration section consists of 3 forward spiral elements with leads of 2D, the helix angle of the elements is 36.5 degrees, the depth of the spiral grooves is 0.15D, and the thickness of the spiral edges is 0.12D; the section and the cylinder body and the devolatilization port arranged above the section form a water evaporation chamber. The polymer melt forms a melt film with the thickness of 0.8-2 um under the control of a large-lead 2D forward spiral element, and the melt film combines with the negative pressure effect to realize the rapid removal of water in the melt within the time range of 0.2-1 s.
The length of the feeding section is 4-6.5D, and the feeding section sequentially comprises 3-5 forward spiral elements along the length direction of the screw assembly. In one embodiment, the length of the feed section 3 is 4D, and the feed section is composed of 3 forward helical elements in sequence along the length of the screw assembly with leads of 1.5D, 1D, respectively, along the melt conveying direction. Wherein the lead is 1.5D element, the helix angle is 27.4 degrees, the groove depth of the helix is 0.12D, and the thickness of the screw edge is 0.12D; the lead was 1D element, the helix angle was 18.2, the flute depth of the helix was 0.12D, and the flight thickness was 0.1D. The feed section 3 uses large lead elements to provide rapid delivery of material to the melt mixing section 4. In another embodiment, the length of the feed section 3 is 6.5D, and the feed section is composed of 5 forward screw elements in sequence along the length of the screw assembly, with leads of 1.5D, 1D, respectively, along the melt conveying direction.
The length of the melt conveying section can be 7-10D, the melt conveying section consists of 7-9 forward spiral elements, the lead range along the melt conveying direction is 0.75-1.5D, the last 3 or 4 elements are repeated elements with the lead of 0.75D, in one implementation mode, the length of the melt conveying section 7 is 7.25D, the melt conveying section consists of 7 forward spiral elements, and the lead along the melt conveying direction is 1.5D, 1D, 0.75D and 0.75D respectively. Specifically, the lead is 1.5D element, the helix angle is 27.4 degrees, the groove depth of the helix is 0.12D, and the thickness of the screw thread is 0.12D; the lead is a 1D element, the helix angle is 18.2 degrees, the depth of a helical groove of the helix is 0.12D, and the thickness of a helical edge is 0.1D; the lead was 0.75D element, the helix angle was 13.7 °, the flute depth of the helix was 0.12D, and the flight thickness was 0.1D. A stable melt pressure is established by the lead tapering element and the end repeating element.
The negative pressure system 10 may include a vacuum pump, which communicates with the devolatilization port 9.
The temperature control assembly 8 may include a heating block 12, a temperature control sensor (not shown) and a cooling water passage 13 provided in the wall of the cylinder 1, the temperature inside the cylinder 1 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor, and the temperature inside is controlled by the cooling water flowing in the heating block 12 and the cooling water passage 13.
According to the invention, through the optimal combination of the screw 2 and the structure thereof, the melt has larger exhaust interface area and interface updating frequency, so that moisture wrapped in the melt can be quickly transferred to the surface, the quick volatilization of the moisture is promoted, an off-line drying system for conventional slicing is avoided, production links such as slice pre-crystallization and drying are reduced, direct melt spinning of polyester and polyamide slices is realized, a high-energy-consumption drying system is avoided, the process flow and period are greatly shortened, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
A method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying, which uses the device, comprises the following specific steps: feeding polyester slices or polyamide slices into an extruder, plasticizing and melting the slices in a feeding section 3 under the actions of heating and shearing of a screw 2, uniformly mixing the slices in a barrier section 5, establishing higher melt pressure, reducing the melt pressure in a film forming and dehydrating section 6, rapidly forming a film, rapidly removing water at the surface interface of a polymer melt by a negative pressure system 10, conveying the dehydrated melt to a spinning machine through a metering section, and flowing out and drawing to prepare the polyester/polyamide fiber.
Wherein, feed section 3:200-255 ℃, and melting and mixing section 4:230-265 ℃, barrier segment 5:240-260 ℃, film forming and dehydration section 6:245-265 ℃, melt conveying section 7:255-270 ℃; the rotating speed of the screw 2 is 100-600 r/min; the temperature of the spinning component of the spinning machine is 250-270 ℃. The vacuum level of the negative pressure system 10 may be controlled to 10-60 kPa.
According to the invention, moisture is vaporized extremely rapidly and removed from the system in an extremely short time (0.2-1 s) through rapid film formation of the melt and a negative pressure environment, so that hydrolysis reaction is avoided, and the viscosity of the melt is effectively maintained.
The above is not relevant and is applicable to the prior art.
While certain specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail by way of example, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing examples are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that various modifications or additions and substitutions to the described specific embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made to the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The device for preparing the polyester fiber or the polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying is characterized by comprising an extruder and a spinning machine, wherein the extruder comprises a barrel body and three mutually meshed screws arranged in the barrel body, the three screws are arranged in parallel or in a triangle shape, the screws are divided into a plurality of functional areas, a feeding section, a melting mixing section, a barrier section, a film forming dehydration section and a melt conveying section are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the screws, each functional area outside the barrel body corresponds to a temperature control component, the barrel body is provided with a devolatilization port corresponding to the film forming dehydration section, the devolatilization port is connected with a negative pressure system, the positions of the extruder corresponding to the feeding section are provided with feeding ports, and the discharging port of the extruder is communicated with the feeding ports of the spinning machine;
the ratio L/D of the total length L of the screw to the outer diameter D of the film forming element is 23-30;
the length of the melt mixing section is 6.6D, and the melt mixing section consists of 4 forward spiral elements and 3 kneading block elements; the leads of the 4 positive-going screw elements in the melt conveying direction are 1D, 0.75D, 0.5D; the length of each kneading block element is 1.2D, the thickness of the kneading blocks is 0.2D, and the staggering angles of the kneading blocks are 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees along the melt conveying direction; the residence time of the polymer in the section is 0.3-3 s, and the polymer is quickly melted;
the length of the barrier section consists of 1 reverse spiral element, and the lead is 0.25-0.6D;
the length of the film forming dehydration section is 6D, the film forming dehydration section consists of 3 forward spiral elements with leads of 2D, the helix angle of the elements is 36.5 degrees, the depth of the spiral grooves is 0.12D, and the thickness of the spiral edges is 0.12D; the section and the cylinder body and the devolatilization port arranged above the section form a water evaporation chamber; the polymer melt forms a melt film with the thickness of 0.8-2 um under the control of a 2D forward spiral element, and the water in the melt is rapidly removed within the time range of 0.2-1 s under the action of negative pressure.
2. The device for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by chip spinning and drying-free according to claim 1, wherein the length of the feeding section is 4-6.5D, the feeding section sequentially comprises 3-5 forward spiral elements along the length direction of the screw rod assembly, and leads along the melt conveying direction are respectively 1.5D, 1D or 1.5D, 1D and 1D.
3. The apparatus for preparing polyester or polyamide fiber by chip spinning drying-free according to claim 1, wherein the length of the melt conveying section is 7-10D, the melt conveying section is composed of 7-9 forward spiral elements, the lead range along the melt conveying direction is 0.75-1.5D, and the last 3 or 4 elements are repeating elements with the lead of 0.75D.
4. A device for preparing polyester or polyamide fibers by chip spinning dry-free as claimed in claim 1, wherein said temperature control assembly comprises a heating block and cooling water channels and temperature control sensors in the cylinder wall.
5. The apparatus for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by chip spinning dry-free as claimed in claim 1, wherein the negative pressure system comprises a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is communicated with the devolatilization port.
6. A method for preparing polyester or polyamide fibers by chip spinning without drying, characterized in that the device according to any one of claims 1-5 is used, in particular as follows: feeding polyester slices or polyamide slices into an extruder, plasticizing and melting the slices in the feeding section under the actions of heating and screw shearing, uniformly mixing the slices in the barrier section, establishing higher melt pressure, reducing the melt pressure in a film forming dehydration section, rapidly forming a film, rapidly removing water at the surface interface of a polymer melt by a negative pressure system, and delivering the dehydrated melt to a spinning machine to flow out and draft to prepare polyester/polyamide fibers;
wherein, the feed zone temperature: 200-255 ℃, and the temperature of a melting and mixing section is: 230-265 ℃, barrier section temperature: 240-260 ℃, film forming and dehydration section temperature: 245-265 ℃, melt conveying section temperature: 255-270 ℃; the rotating speed of the screw is 100-600 r/min; the temperature of the spinning component of the spinning machine is 250-270 ℃.
7. A method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by spin drying-free of chips as defined in claim 6, wherein the vacuum degree of said negative pressure system is controlled to be 10-60 kPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210759295.5A CN115044986B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Device and method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210759295.5A CN115044986B (en) | 2022-06-30 | 2022-06-30 | Device and method for preparing polyester fiber or polyamide fiber by slice spinning without drying |
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| CN115044986A CN115044986A (en) | 2022-09-13 |
| CN115044986B true CN115044986B (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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| CN101879777A (en) * | 2010-06-12 | 2010-11-10 | 广东轻工职业技术学院 | Homodromy nonuniform self-cleaning multi-screw rod plasticizing, exhausting and extruding device and method |
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| CN115044986A (en) | 2022-09-13 |
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