CN115043765A - 一种甲硫氨酸衍生物和其盐类的制备及作为基因载体的用途 - Google Patents

一种甲硫氨酸衍生物和其盐类的制备及作为基因载体的用途 Download PDF

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CN115043765A
CN115043765A CN202210727264.1A CN202210727264A CN115043765A CN 115043765 A CN115043765 A CN 115043765A CN 202210727264 A CN202210727264 A CN 202210727264A CN 115043765 A CN115043765 A CN 115043765A
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李婧
申贵男
张雷
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Abstract

本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及具有通式(A)的甲硫氨酸衍生物及其锍盐,公开了该类化合物的制备方法,化合物与基因缩聚形成纳米复合物,复合物的粒径在100~500nm,Zeta电势+5~+50。该化合物的基因负载能力使其具有传递基因的潜在用途。

Description

一种甲硫氨酸衍生物和其盐类的制备及作为基因载体的用途
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种甲硫氨酸衍生物和其盐类的制备方法及其作为基因载体的用途。
背景技术
在过去的几十年里,将外源性核酸引入宿主细胞的方法已被广泛用于调节靶细胞中特定蛋白的表达,用于多种疾病的治疗。核酸传递系统中递送载体的选择是基因疗法成功的关键步骤,在递送过程中免受核酸酶的降解。递送载体主要分为病毒载体(ViralVectors)和非病毒载体(Non-viral Vectors)两大类。病毒载体是目前用于开发人类基因治疗的最有效的核酸递送手段,尽管有数据被证明它们是有效的,但病毒自身的免疫原性、组织趋向性、生产造价高和生物安全性低等缺点限制了其应用。阳离子脂质、阳离子聚合物、无机材料和纳米颗粒等非病毒载体的出现,克服了病毒的限制,成为一种很有潜力的替代手段。它们可以保护核酸分子免受降解和变性,并且在体内应用时具有最小的毒性和免疫反应,同时具有价格低廉、制备简单和容量大等优点。其应用前景广泛、临床上可行,已经成为递送载体研究的重点。当前非病毒载体存在靶向性差、蛋白表达率低、毒性强等缺点,因此开发高效、低毒的非病毒载体至关重要。阳离子脂质作为非病毒载体得到广泛研究,结构上由正电荷头部、疏水尾部和连接基团三部分组成,其头部正电荷基团通过静电吸引与核酸结合,疏水尾部在水溶液中缩聚核酸形成纳米颗粒,递送核酸进入细胞进行基因治疗。大多数的阳离子脂质化合物用氮原子形成正电荷基团,以锍作为正电荷基团的构建很少有研究,开发锍类阳离子脂质具有潜在的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明以甲硫氨酸为核心,合成具有R3S+结构的一系列衍生物。合成的化合物通过硫正离子与质粒中的磷酸根负离子发生静电作用,氨基酸结构增强生物活性,取代基含有疏水长链基团,可以对质粒进行包裹,进而形成纳米复合物,是一类新型的基因载体化合物。该类化合物能够与质粒基因形成纳米粒子,粒子的大小与表面电势符合作为基因载体的必备条件,具有基因装载能力和穿透细胞膜能力。
本发明的化合物通式A如下:
Figure BSA0000276259280000011
其中氨基酸手性是L构型、D构型;
R1、R2各自独立的表示氢、1~22个碳原子的脂肪烃基、1~22个碳原子的芳香烃基、1~22个碳原子的含脂肪链的酰基、1~22个碳原子的含芳香结构的酰基;
R3表示1~22个碳原子的脂肪烃基、1~22个碳原子的芳香烃基;
X-表示阴离子Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、OH-、BF4 -、HSO4 -、HCO3 -、H2PO3 -
上述通式的化合物可以是:
S-十二烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A1),
S-十四烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A2),
S-十六烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A3),
S-十八烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A4),
本发明的化合物A1-A4制备方法如下,根据取代基的不同选用相应的原料即可。
化合物A1-A4的合成路线见Scheme 1。
Scheme 1
Figure BSA0000276259280000021
甲硫氨酸锍盐性能研究表明,含有较长烷基链的化合物能够有效的缩聚质粒,形成纳米复合物。纳米复合物粒径在100~500nm之间,电动电势在+5~+50mV之间,具备作为基因质粒递送的能力。
化合物性能测试
一、实验主要材料和仪器
琼脂糖(Biowest Agarose公司),DNA(eGFP质粒,Thermo Fisher公司);超低温冰箱(Panasonic公司),电泳仪(Tanon公司),自动凝胶成像分析仪(BIO-RAD公司),Nanodrop2000(Thermo公司),Nano-ZS ZEN纳米粒径及Zeta点位仪(英国马尔文公司)。
二、实验方法
1、凝胶阻滞实验
将A1-A4分别用乙腈配置成2.3nmol/μL、4.6nmol/μL、6.9nmol/μL、9.2nmol/μL、11.5nmol/μL、13.8nmol/μL的溶液,取2μL,分别与HEPES(羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸pH=7.5,5mmol/L)溶液(4μL)混合,配置成总体积均为6μL溶液。随后分别与3μL的DNA(eGFP质粒,100ng/μL)水溶液混合,静置20min。得硫磷比(S/P)分别为5∶1、10∶1、15∶1、20∶1、25∶1、30∶1的锍类脂质/DNA复合物。
称取0.35g琼脂糖放置于100mL烧瓶中,加入35mL三羟甲基氨基甲烷醋酸缓冲液(TAE),配制成1%的琼脂糖凝胶。液体加热后加入3μL溴化乙锭(EB 1mg/mL),倒入到有机玻璃槽中,插好梳子,待凝胶完全凝固时,取下梳子,将琼脂糖凝胶放入电泳槽中待用。
将每个锍类脂质/DNA复合物样品分别加入1μL溴酚蓝缓冲液,形成10μL体积后,加入到凝胶孔中,裸DNA为对照,120V电压下电泳20min,用凝胶成像仪分析实验结果。
2、化合物/复合物粒径大小、Zeta电势检测
通过凝胶阻滞实验结果,选取与DNA具有复合能力的化合物A3、A4,在发生复合作用的S/P下,检测其复合物的粒径大小与Zeta电势。将待测锍类化合物分别用乙腈配置成20nmol/μL的溶液待用。取3.1μL、3.7μL,分别加入去离子水稀释至体积28μL,与DNA28μL水溶液(含DNA 800ng),混合震荡10s后,室温静置20min,得到相应样品的25/1、30/1的锍类脂质/DNA复合物,将复合物用去离子水稀释至1mL,用Nano-ZS ZEN仪器测定其粒径大小与Zeta电势。
三、实验结果
1、凝胶阻滞实验结果
凝胶电泳阻滞实验测试化合物与DNA的复合能力。化合物A1、A2,在S/P=5/1~30/1时,在凝胶电泳中均没有出现阻滞现象,因此对DNA没有明显的复合能力。化合物A3从S/P=20/1时开始,出现阻滞现象,展现了与DNA的复合能力。化合物A4在S/P=20/1时展现了与DNA的复合能力,在S/P=25/1时DNA被完全复合。锍类化合物中烷烃链越长,与DNA的复合能力越强。
2、锍类脂质体/DNA复合物的粒径大小检测结果
根据凝胶电泳实验结果,对化合物A3、A4,在S/P为20/1、25/1、30/1时,检测化合物/DNA复合物的粒径大小。结果显示在S/P为20/1时,形成的复合物粒子在100~200nm之间,在S/P为25/1、30/1时,DNA被完全复合,形成了纳米级的颗粒在300~430nm之间,适合内吞进入细胞。
3、锍类脂质体/DNA复合物的Zeta电势检测结果
根据凝胶电泳实验结果,对化合物A3、A4,在S/P为20/1、25/1、30/1时,检测化合物/DNA复合物的Zeta电势。化合物A3/DNA复合物的Zeta电势随着S/P增加而增加,且均为正电势,在S/P为20/1时,电势为+5mV,在S/P为25/1、30/1时电势分别为38mV、43mV。化合物A4/DNA复合物的Zeta电势在三个S/P下无明显差异,在+35-50mV之间。电正性的复合物能够吸附在细胞膜表面,促进复合物颗粒的内吞。
附图说明
图1.实施化合物A1-A4与DNA以不同比例复合后的凝胶电泳图。0-30/1列为锍类化合物与eGFP混合物的S/P比例。
图2.实施化合物A3、A4与DNA在S/P为20/1、25/1、30/1时复合物的粒径大小。
图3.实施化合物A3、A4与DNA在S/P为20/1、25/1、30/1时复合物的Zeta电势。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明锍类化合物的合成与结构表征作说明。
P的合成法:将甲硫氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(1eq.)溶解于吡啶中,缓慢滴加乙酸酐(2eq.),室温搅拌4h,旋干吡啶后,水和二氯甲烷萃取(20mL×2),合并二氯甲烷相,用饱和食盐水洗涤,然后用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得到P粗产品,通过硅胶柱层析(甲醇-二氯甲烷)纯化,得到样品立即用于下一步反应。
A的合成通法:在氩气保护条件下,将P(1eq.)与溴代烷烃(1.5eq.)溶解于干燥乙腈(5mL)溶液中,加入四氟硼酸银(1.2eq.),在70℃,避光回流搅拌24h,然后冷却至室温。过滤加入强碱性阴离子交换树脂(Cl-交换)50mg,搅拌2h,过滤,滤液旋转蒸干,所得残余通过硅胶柱层析(甲醇-二氯甲烷)纯化,得到产品。
实施例1
N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯(P)
应用P合成法,D-甲硫氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(3g,15.08mmol)与乙酸酐(2.8mL,30mmol)反应,吡啶(30mL),得到P(2.34g,11.43mmol,产率76%),为无色油状物;Rf=0.48(甲醇-二氯甲烷1∶20),直接投入下步反应。
实施例2
S-十二烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A1),
应用A合成通法,P(0.31g,1.51mmol)与溴代十二烷(0.55mL,2.27mmol),四氟硼化银(0.36g,1.82mmol)反应,得到产物A1(0.30g,0.74mmol,产率49%),为白色固体颗粒物;Rf=0.28(甲醇-二氯甲烷1∶20)。1H NMR(CD3CN,δ):4.62-4.59(m,H),3.74(s,3H,OCH3),3.36-3.25(m,5H,2SCH2,NH),2.91(s,3H,SCH3),2.43-2.37(m,H,NCHCH2),2.20-2.14(m,H,NCHCH2),2.02(s,3H,COCH3),1.85-1.77(m,2H,SCH2CH2),1.52-1.47(m,2H,CH2),1.42-1.39(m,3H,CH2),1.36-1.26(m,14H,7CH2),0,89(t,J=0.90Hz,3H,CH3);13C NMR(CD3CN,δ):172.33,170.84,51.83,50.71,41.47,38.22,31.66,29.33(2C),29.22,29.06,29.04,28.61,28.05,25.96,23.57,22.32,13.02;HR-MS(ESD m/z:Calcd for C20H40NO3S{[M-Cl-]+}374.2729,found:374.2727。
实施例3
S-十四烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A2),
应用A合成通法,P(0.32g,1.56mmol)与溴代十四烷(0.70mL,2.34mmol),四氟硼化银(0.37g,1.88mmol)反应,得到产物A2(0.31g,0.72mmol,产率46%),为白色固体颗粒物;Rf=0.27(甲醇-二氯甲烷1∶20)。1H NMR(CD3CN,δ):4.63-4.58(m,H),3.76(s,3H,OCH3),3.36-3.25(m,5H,2SCH2,NH),2.91(s,3H,SCH3),2.43-2.36(m,H,NCHCH2),2.20-2.14(m,H,NCHCH2),2.02(s,3H,COCH3),1.84-1.78(m,2H,SCH2CH2),1.51-1.46(m,2H,CH2),1.42-1.38(m,3H,CH2),1.35-1.27(m,18H,9CH2),0,89(t,J=0.90Hz,3H,CH3);HR-MS(ESI)m/z:Calcdfor C22H44NO3S{[M-Cl-]+}402.3042,found:402.3035。
实施例4
S-十六烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A3),
应用A合成通法,P(0.29g,1.42mmol)与溴代十六烷(0.66mL,2.13mmol),四氟硼化银(0.34g,1.71mmol)反应,得到产物A3(0.30g,0.64mmol,产率45%),为白色固体颗粒物;Rf=0.27(甲醇-二氯甲烷1∶20)。1H NMR(CD3CN,δ):4.62-4.58(m,H),3.76(s,3H,OCH3),3.36-3.25(m,5H,2SCH2,NH),2.91(s,3H,SCH3),2.43-2.37(m,H,NCHCH2),2.21-2.13(m,H,NCHCH2),2.02(s,3H,COCH3),1.85-1.78(m,2H,SCH2CH2),1.52-1.47(m,2H,CH2),1.42-1.37(m,3H,CH2),1.35-1.27(m,22H,11CH2),0,89(t,J=0.90Hz,3H,CH3);HR-MS(ESI)m/z:Calcdfor C24H48NO3S{[M-Cl-]+}430.3349,found:430.3361。
实施例5
S-十八烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸甲酯氯化物(A4),
应用A合成通法,P(0.32g,1.56mmol)与溴代十八烷(0.80mL,2.34mmol),四氟硼化银(0.37g,1.88mmol)反应,得到产物A4(0.30g,0.61mmol,产率39%),为白色固体颗粒物;Rf=0.28(甲醇-二氯甲烷1∶20)。1H NMR(CD3CN,δ):4.62-4.59(m,H),3.76(s,3H,OCH3),3.36-3.25(m,5H,2SCH2,NH),2.91(s,3H,SCH3),2.43-2.37(m,H,NCHCH2),2.20-2.12(m,H,NCHCH2),2.02(s,3H,COCH3),1.85-1.78(m,2H,SCH2CH2),1.52-1.47(m,2H,CH2),1.42-1.38(m,3H,CH2),1.36-1.26(m,26H,13CH2),0,89(t,J=6.9Hz,3H,CH3);MS(ESI)m/z:Calcd forC26H52NO3S{[M-Cl-]+}458.3662,found:458.3664。

Claims (10)

1.通式(A)的化合物:
Figure FSA0000276259270000011
其中氨基酸手性是L构型、D构型;R1、R2各自独立的表示氢、1~22个碳原子的脂肪烃基、1~22个碳原子的芳香烃基、1~22个碳原子的含脂肪链的酰基、1~22个碳原子的含芳香结构的酰基;R3表示1~22个碳原子的脂肪烃基、1~22个碳原子的芳香烃基;X-表示阴离子Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、OH-、BF4 -、HSO4 -、HCO3 -、H2PO3 -
2.根据权利要求1的通式(A)的化合物,其中R1表示乙酰基。
3.根据权利要求1的通式(A)的化合物,R2表示甲基。
4.根据权利要求1的通式(A)的化合物,R3表示9~22个碳原子的饱和碳链、不饱和碳链。
5.根据权利要求1的通式(A)的化合物,X-表示阴离子Cl-
6.根据权利要求1的通式(A)的化合物,其中为下列任一化合物:
S-十二烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸氯化物(A1),
S-十四烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸氯化物(A2),
S-十六烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸氯化物(A3),
S-十八烷基-N-乙酰基-D-甲硫氨酸氯化物(A4)。
7.一种药物组合物,其中含有根据权利要求1的通式(A)的化合物。
8.根据权利要求1的通式(A)的化合物制备用于作为基因载体有关的用途。
9.根据权利要求8的用途,其中基因是:DNA包括报告基因、抗癌基因或细胞因子基因,和RNA包括siRNA、miRNA或piRNA。
10.根据权利要求8的用途,化合物通过与基因形成纳米复合物,可用于传递基因。
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