CN115039703B

CN115039703B - Variable-die piston

Info

Publication number: CN115039703B
Application number: CN202210743132.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 施正香; 王震; 李�浩; 王朝元
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2022-06-28
Filing date: 2022-06-28
Publication date: 2023-05-05
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-28
Also published as: CN115039703A

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable die piston which is designed according to the newly discovered piston sliding variable die principle, so that excrement and urine of a farm is transported and guided in a closed pipeline. The variable die piston is characterized by comprising a piston basket and a variable die device; when the manure is pushed, the mould changing device slides in the stationary piston basket to form a manure pushing mode, and then the piston basket is driven to slide in the pipeline to push the manure; when the manure leaks, the mould changing device reversely slides in the temporarily static piston basket to form a manure leaking mode, and then the piston basket is driven to slide in the pipeline to leak the manure, so that the problem that the manure is discharged from the same side of the multi-row colony house is directly solved. The beneficial effects are that whether the residual excrement in the pipeline has little influence on the air quality of the colony house, and the content of harmful gas in the colony house is directly reduced from the source; the sliding manure pushing mode has less friction resistance than the scraping manure pushing mode, so that the energy consumption is less and the cost is low; the variable die piston has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, simple, quick and low cost construction and installation, and wide application range.

Description

Variable-die piston

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground sewage disposal facilities of livestock and poultry houses, and particularly relates to a variable-die piston.

Technical Field

At present, three main fecal conveying modes for livestock and poultry houses exist: firstly, the manure truck is transported out; secondly, siphon infusion; thirdly, mechanically scraping the manure.

The mode of the manure truck is that the manual trolley or the specially arranged motor manure truck directly enters the pig house. The working sequence is to clean and concentrate the ground excrement by using a simple tool, and then to load the excrement onto a trolley to be transported to a designated place outside a house. The disadvantage is the inefficiency. The advantages are that: firstly, the manure is well separated, and the generated sewage is less; secondly, the excrement can be timely transported out without night excrement, so that sanitation and air quality in a house can be guaranteed, and the mode is still adopted by scattered households and some small and medium farms at present.

The siphon conveying way is that a deep (shallow) manure pit is arranged below a manure leakage plate on the ground of the livestock and poultry house, and a plug is arranged at the bottom of the deep (shallow) manure pit to block a pipeline leading to the outside of the house; a certain amount of water is put into the deep (shallow) manure pit before use. Firstly cleaning or trampling by livestock (feces are always reserved on the surface of the feces leaking plate) to enable the feces to fall into the pit; after the pit is full, the plug is pulled out, and the excrement diluted by sewage is output out of the house by utilizing the siphon principle. Its advantage is high output efficiency. Disadvantages: firstly, the water consumption is large, so that the excrement is large, and the post-treatment returning difficulty is large; secondly, excrement is stored in a deep (shallow) manure pit for a long time, and moisture and harmful gas volatilized from the pit enter a pig house space through gaps of a manure leakage plate, so that the problems of high humidity, poor air quality and high pathogen are generated in the pig house, and particularly the problems are more remarkable after the winter housing is closed.

The mechanical manure scraping mode is to arrange equipment consisting of a manure scraping groove, a manure scraping machine, a traction rope and a speed reducer below a manure leakage plate on the ground of the livestock and poultry house so as to scrape manure out of the house; the working sequence is that firstly, the excrement falls into the groove by cleaning or trampling by livestock (the surface of the excrement leakage plate is always reserved with excrement), and then the equipment is started to scrape the excrement. The advantages are that: compared with siphon water delivery and guide, the device can basically separate the excrement and the urine and scrape the excrement and the urine out of the house in time. Disadvantages: firstly, the manure scraping machine cannot scrape cleanly, and the amount of harmful gas generated by the manure remained around the manure scraping groove and spores and toxins generated by the mildew of the manure volatilize to the air in the pig house is more than that of a deep (shallow) manure pit; and secondly, the equipment cost and the operation cost are high.

The problem of comprehensive comparison analysis is that the output link after the feces are concentrated is low in efficiency, or the feces cannot be scraped cleanly to pollute the internal environment of the house, or the feces are large in pollution and cannot be transported out timely to pollute the internal environment and the external environment of the house.

Further analysis has found that in each mode a process of concentrating the faeces cleaning is required, and the inventors have conceived of concentrating the faeces cleaning into the pipe, i.e. changing the faeces scraping trough and the deep (shallow) faeces pit into a well-closed pipe, pushing the faeces out of the house by means of the pushing of the piston. When the piston is actually used, a new substantial problem arises: due to the requirement of biosafety, the material channel and the manure channel of the farm are strictly separated, manure cannot be discharged from two ends of the whole livestock and poultry house, only one end can be discharged, and the manure is still positioned at a downwind end, so that the piston is required to slide back and forth in a pipeline, the manure can be pushed to one side of the livestock and poultry house in a mode changing manner, and the existing piston cannot realize the function. As a piston in the conventional technology, the piston is used for compressing gas and liquid, and the mode does not need to be changed; the mode, shape, structure and size of the manure scraper as the conventional technology cannot be changed, and the manure scraper has a great difference with the piston. Obviously, the prior art does not suggest a piston change pattern. Some of those skilled in the art, including the present inventors, have made various attempts to provide various door openings on a piston impractical for practical use. The problem of pistons has plagued the art for many years, resulting in the current problem of solving the harmful gases in the housing, but the indirect method of how to remove the harmful gases outside the housing is still the main method, instead of directly solving the problem of producing the feces of the harmful gases.

The inventor discovers the piston sliding die change principle after years of production practice and computer simulation research, so that the problem of solving the piston change mode is virtually broken through. Piston sliding die change principle: a mould changer is embedded in a piston basket, and a sliding shaft with a round door in the mould changer passes through a slip ring in the piston basket and a piston cylinder leakage opening; when the excrement is pushed, the sliding shaft is pulled to slide in the stopped piston basket, the round door is driven to seal the leakage opening of the piston cylinder to form an excrement pushing mode, and then the piston basket is driven to slide in the pipeline to push the excrement; when the excrement leaks, the reverse traction sliding shaft slides in the piston basket which stays for a short time, so that the round door leaves the leakage port to form an excrement leakage mode, and then the piston basket is driven to slide in the pipeline to leak the excrement.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the piston sliding variable die principle, the variable die piston for conveying and guiding the excrement and urine through the pipeline is designed, so that the problem of single-direction excrement and urine conveying of the piston variable die is solved, and the problem of excrement and urine pollution to the environment of a colony house caused by harmful gas is solved from the source.

The invention provides a variable die piston which is used for pipeline transportation and guide, and consists of a piston basket and a variable die device; the piston basket consists of a piston cylinder with a excrement leakage opening in the middle and a piston frame with slip rings in the centers of the top ends of the two sides, and the piston cylinder is embedded in the piston frame; the die changer consists of a sliding shaft, a sealing round door fixed on the sliding shaft and a traction ring fixed at the top end of the sliding shaft; the sliding shaft in the mould changer penetrates through the sliding ring and the excrement leakage port in the piston basket; working principle: when the traction rope is bound on the traction ring and the traction rope pulls and pushes manure in the manure collecting direction, a sliding shaft in the mould changing device slides in the stationary piston basket, so that the sealing round door seals the manure leakage opening to form a manure pushing mode, and then the piston basket is driven to slide in the pipeline to push manure; when returning to pull and leak the excrement, the sliding shaft reversely slides in the temporarily stationary piston basket to enable the sealing round door to leave the leakage opening to form an excrement leakage mode, and then the piston basket is driven to slide in the pipeline to leak the excrement.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the variable-mould piston enables the excrement to be conveyed and guided in the closed pipeline, and the excrement collecting inlet exposed in the colony house is much smaller than the current deep (shallow) excrement pit and the upper opening of the excrement scraping groove, so that whether the excrement remains in the pipeline has little influence on the air quality of the colony house, and the colony house air is prevented from being polluted by harmful gas volatilized from the excrement in the day-time period.

2. The existing manure scraping machine scrapes manure in a manure groove, the friction force between the manure scraping machine and the floor of the manure groove is large, compared with the weight of a variable die piston which is an order of magnitude smaller, and the manure scraping machine slides in a pipeline, so that the friction force between the manure scraping machine and the pipe wall is remarkably reduced, the power consumption is remarkably reduced, and the energy-saving requirement is met;

3. the variable-die piston has small volume, no tiny parts in the structure can be made of stainless steel materials, is very suitable for fecal conduction with strong corrosiveness, and is safe and reliable to operate in an underground pipeline;

4. the variable die piston is used for pipeline transportation, is simple, quick and cheap to construct and install, and is suitable for large-scale use and middle and small scattered households;

5. the variable-die piston can also be used for dredging underground pipelines in other fields.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piston basket structure in a variable-mode piston.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a die changer in a die change piston.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable mould piston in a manure scraping mode.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable mold piston in a mode of forming a excrement leakage.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the variable die piston in the pipeline.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the variable-mode piston arranged underground in the double-row livestock and poultry house.

Reference numerals illustrate: 1-a piston cylinder; 2-a manure leakage port; 3-a piston frame; 4-slip rings; 5-sliding shafts; 6-traction ring; 7, sealing the round door; 8-pulling ropes; 9-rope tightener; 10-a mode changer; 11-a piston basket; 12-a variable-die piston; 13-piping; 14-collecting manure inlet; 15-a manure collecting tank; 16-a feces collection box; 17-speed reducer.

Detailed Description

The structure of fig. 1 to 6 with reference to the drawings is manufactured and installed. The piston basket 11 is sized slightly smaller than the duct 13 to reduce friction against the duct wall. An inward inclined plane is formed between the inner circle and the outer circle of the piston cylinder 1 facing the excrement leakage direction, so that a wide-mouth funnel shape is formed to utilize the excrement leakage; the piston frame 3 is divided into two sides by taking the piston cylinder 1 as a boundary, one side is surrounded by steel bars to form an approximate polygonal column, one side is surrounded by steel bars to form an approximate polygonal cone, and the diameters of slip rings 4 at the top ends of the two sides are slightly larger than those of the sliding shaft 5. After the sliding shaft 5 passes through the sliding ring 4 and the excrement leakage opening 2, the sealing round door 7 is positioned in the approximately polygonal cylinder of the piston frame 3, and the diameter of the sealing round door is larger than that of the excrement leakage opening 2. The traction rope 8 can be lengthened after long use, and a rope tightener 9 is needed and is welded at the top end of the sliding shaft 5 in the excrement leakage direction. The diameter of the pipeline 13 depends on the feeding amount, the excrement yield and the speed of cleaning concentrated excrement, and the inner diameter of the pipeline 13 is not lower than 16 cm from the practical point of view.

The power of the variable-die piston 12 can be directly used for directly using the power device of the existing traction manure scraper, and the traction rope 8 of the power device is directly bound on the traction ring 6 and the rope tightener 9 of the variable-die piston. The variable-die piston can be used on a plurality of rows of houses in consideration of relatively less power required by the variable-die piston.

The variable mould pistons are used in pairs in a plurality of rows of houses, one is in the process of pushing manure, and the other is in the process of leaking manure. Before or after the start, one stays at the outlet of the pipeline on the excrement collecting box 16; the other one is to stay in the pipe of the first faeces collecting inlet 14 in the direction of the speed reducer 17, from where the faeces cleaning work is to be started.

For the cultivation mode that the defecation area is concentrated in a punctiform way, for example, during the farrowing and lactation of sows in a delivery room, the excrement is concentrated at the rear part of each obstetric table, and then an excrement collecting inlet is arranged above an underground pipeline at the rear end of each obstetric table. For the cultivation mode with linear defecation area, such as the limit feeding of beef cattle, dairy cows and pregnant sows in early and later stages, defecation is concentrated at the rear part of the limit fence to be less than 1 meter wide and connected into a straight line, and then a manure collecting groove with an upper opening flush with the ground is arranged above the manure collecting inlet. For the cultivation mode with the defecation area in a strip shape, such as a nursery house, a fattening house and a chicken house, defecation is concentrated in the strip-shaped area with the length of about 3 meters, and then a excrement collecting groove is arranged on one side of the strip-shaped area. For the cultivation mode that the defecation area is in a sheet shape, such as group cultivation in the middle of sow gestation and large-circle cultivation of fattening pigs, the excrement is relatively not concentrated, and at the moment, an excrement collecting groove which does not influence the walking depth of the pigs and is slightly lower than the ground is arranged on one side of the defecation area.

Claims

1. A variable die piston (12) for pipeline (13) delivery, characterized in that: the variable-die piston (12) consists of a piston basket (11) and a variable-die device (10); the piston basket (11) consists of a piston cylinder (1) with a excrement leakage opening (2) in the middle and a piston frame (3) with slip rings (4) at the centers of the top ends of two sides, and the piston cylinder (1) is embedded in the piston frame (3); the die changer (10) consists of a sliding shaft (5), a sealing round door (7) fixed on the sliding shaft (5) and a traction ring (6) fixed at the top end of the sliding shaft (5); a sliding shaft (5) in the mould changer (10) penetrates through a slip ring (4) and a manure leakage opening (2) in the piston basket (11); working principle: when the traction rope (8) is bound on the traction ring (6) and traction and pushing manure in the manure collecting direction, the sliding shaft (5) in the mould changing device (10) slides in the stationary piston basket (11), so that the sealing round door (7) seals the manure leakage opening (2) to form a manure pushing mode, and then the piston basket (11) is driven to slide in the pipeline (13); when the excrement leakage is pulled back, the sliding shaft (5) slides reversely in the temporarily static piston basket (11) to enable the sealing round door (7) to leave the excrement leakage opening (2) to form an excrement leakage mode, and then the piston basket (11) is driven to slide in the pipeline (13) to leak the excrement.